111 research outputs found
Evaluation of damage caused on Coffea arabica by a population of Pratylenchus coffeae considered non-pathogenic on coffee
Dois experimentos em casa de vegetação foram realizados com o objetivo de se avaliar os danos causados ao cafeeiro (Coffea arabica) pela população M2 de Pratylenchus coffeae, supostamente não patogênica a cafeeiros. Pelo experimento 1, com cafeeiro 'Catuaà Vermelho' em estágio de dois pares de folhas e utilizando as densidades iniciais de 0, 333, 1.000, 3.000 e 9.000 nematoides por planta, foi demonstrado que a população M2 causa danos a cafeeiros jovens, apesar de não ser capaz de se reproduzir em suas raÃzes. No experimento 2, mantendo a cultivar e as densidades populacionais do nematoide, mas com plantas em estágio de seis pares de folhas, evidenciou-se que M2 não é capaz de causar danos. Portanto, comprovou-se que M2 é uma população de P. coffeae não patogênica a cafeeiro arábico, por não se reproduzir em tal hospedeiro, mas que, em plantas jovens, provavelmente causa danos durante a primeira geração.Two greenhouse experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the damage caused on Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) by an M2 population of Pratylenchus coffeae, apparently non-pathogenic to coffee. Experiment 1, with 'Catuaà Vermelho' coffee at stage of two leaf pairs and with the initial nematode densities (Pi) of 0; 333; 1,000; 3.000; and 9,000 per plant, demonstrated that M2 can damage young coffee plants, although it is unable to reproduce on coffee roots. Experiment 2, with the same coffee cultivar and nematode densities, but with plants at stage of six leaf pairs, showed that the M2 population was unable to cause damage. Therefore, it was established that M2 is a population of P. coffeae without reproduction on Arabica coffee, which causes damage only in the first generation on young coffee below stages of six leaf pairs.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior (CAPES
Nonsteady condensation and evaporation waves
We study motion of a phase transition front at a constant temperature between
stable and metastable states in fluids with the universal Van der Waals
equation of state (which is valid sufficiently close to the fluid's critical
point). We focus on a case of relatively large metastability and low viscosity,
when it can be shown analytically that no steadily moving phase-transition
front exists. Numerically simulating a system of the one-dimensional
Navier-Stokes and continuity equations, we find that, in this case, the
nonsteady phase-transition front emits acoustic shocks in forward and backward
directions. Through this mechanism, the front drops its velocity and eventually
comes to a halt. The acoustic shock wave may shuttle, bouncing elastically from
the system's edge and strongly inelastically from the phase transition front.
Nonsteady rarefaction shock waves appear in the shuttle process, despite the
fact that the model does not admit steady rarefaction waves propagating between
stationary states. If the viscosity is below a certain threshold, an
instability sets in, driving the system into a turbulent state. This work was
supported by the Japan Society for Promotion of Science.Comment: revtex text file and four eps files with figures. Physical Review
Letters, in pres
Pathogenicity of Pratylenchus coffeae on seedlings of coffee cv. Mundo Novo
The pathogenicity of two isolates of Pratylenchus coffeae from Brazil on coffee (Coffea arabica) seedlings cv. Mundo Novo was evaluated in two greenhouse experiments. In the first, the effect of initial population densities (Pi = 0; 333; 1,000; 3,000 and 9,000 nematodes per plant) was studied using an isolate of P. coffeae from MarÃlia, SP, Brazil (host: coffee). The data were adjusted for the Seinhorst non linear model Y = m + (1-m).Z Pi-T. At the end of the experiment (270 days after inoculation), all plants infested with 9000 nematodes and most of those infested with 3000 were dead. Growth and photosynthesis were reduced, starting at 333 and 1000 nematodes, respectively. In the second experiment, two isolates of P. coffeae from MarÃlia and Rio de Janeiro (host: Aglaonema sp.) were compared with respect to their pathogenicity, inoculating Pi = 8,000 nematodes per plant in coffee seedlings with two pairs of true leaves. Although photosynthesis was similarly reduced by both isolates, the MarÃlia isolate caused intense darkening of the roots, leaf chlorosis and stronger reduction of root and shoot growth. In both experiments, multiplication factors of the isolates were low, indicating that coffee is a poor host for both isolates of P. coffeae. The differential pathogenicity observed in the second experiment supports previous results in the literature showing differences between these isolates concerning morphological features and host ranges.A patogenicidade de dois isolados de Pratylenchus coffeae do Brasil sobre plântulas de cafeeiro (Coffea arabica) cv. Mundo Novo foi avaliada em dois experimentos de casa de vegetação. No primeiro experimento, avaliou-se o efeito de densidades populacionais iniciais (Pi = 0, 333, 1.000, 3.000 e 9.000 nematóides por planta) de um isolado de P. coffeae proveniente de MarÃlia (hospedeiro: cafeeiro). Os valores das variáveis foram ajustados pelo modelo não linear de Seinhorst Y = m + (1-m).Z Pi-T. Ao final do experimento (270 dias após a inoculação), todas as plantas que receberam Pi = 9.000 e a maioria das que receberam Pi = 3.000 haviam morrido. Verificou-se acentuado efeito de P. coffeae sobre a fotossÃntese a partir da Pi = 1.000 e sobre o crescimento do cafeeiro a partir da Pi = 333. No segundo experimento, comparou-se a patogenicidade de dois isolados de P. coffeae [de MarÃlia e Rio de Janeiro (hospedeiro: Aglaonema sp.)] sobre plântulas de cafeeiro com dois pares de folhas verdadeiras, utilizando-se a Pi = 8.000 nematóides por planta. Ambos os isolados reduziram a fotossÃntese, mas o isolado de MarÃlia causou intenso escurecimento das raÃzes, clorose foliar e menor tamanho das raÃzes e parte aérea. O crescimento populacional de ambos os isolados foi baixo, comprovando que o cafeeiro não é um bom hospedeiro desses isolados. Os resultados deste experimento demonstraram diferença na patogenicidade entre os isolados testados, confirmando trabalhos anteriores que verificavam que eles apresentam diferenças morfológicas e quanto à preferência por hospedeiros.414
Study of spin-isospin responses of radioactive nuclei with the background-reduced neutron spectrometer, PANDORA
The status of a project to measure spin-isospin responses of neutron drip-line nuclei using a new low-energy neutron detector, PANDORA (Particle Analyzer Neutron Detector Of Real-time Acquisition), is reported. The performance of PANDORA was characterized by the 6He(p,n)6Li reaction in inverse kinematics at the HIMAC facility in Chiba. Observation of the strong transition to the ground state in 6Li is discussed. Preliminary results of 11Li(p,n)11Be and 14Be(p,n)14B experiments in inverse kinematics at RI Beam Factory (RIBF) of RIKEN Nishina Center are also presented including the exotic decay channel of 11Be→9Li + d. Details of the experimental setup based on PANDORA and the SAMURAI large-acceptance magnetic spectrometer, as well as the combined data-acquisition system are described. The neutron-gamma discrimination capability of PANDORA was evaluated, Figure-of-Merit (FoM) values higher than those found in the literature for similar materials were derived from experimental data
Search for Cosmic-ray Boosted Sub-GeV Dark Matter using Recoil Protons at Super-Kamiokande
We report a search for cosmic-ray boosted dark matter with protons using the
0.37 megatonyears data collected at Super-Kamiokande experiment during
the 1996-2018 period (SKI-IV phase). We searched for an excess of proton
recoils above the atmospheric neutrino background from the vicinity of the
Galactic Center. No such excess is observed, and limits are calculated for two
reference models of dark matter with either a constant interaction
cross-section or through a scalar mediator. This is the first experimental
search for boosted dark matter with hadrons using directional information. The
results present the most stringent limits on cosmic-ray boosted dark matter and
exclude the dark matter-nucleon elastic scattering cross-section between
and for dark matter mass
from 10 MeV/ to 1 GeV/.Comment: With 1-page appendi
Measurement of the cosmogenic neutron yield in Super-Kamiokande with gadolinium loaded water
Cosmic-ray muons that enter the Super-Kamiokande detector cause hadronic
showers due to spallation in water, producing neutrons and radioactive
isotopes. Those are a major background source for studies of MeV-scale
neutrinos and searches for rare events. Since 2020, gadolinium was introduced
in the ultra-pure water in the Super-Kamiokande detector to improve the
detection efficiency of neutrons. In this study, the cosmogenic neutron yield
was measured using data acquired during the period after the gadolinium
loading. The yield was found to be at
259 GeV of average muon energy at the Super-Kamiokande detector.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, 3 table
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