The intergenerational transmission of attachment during middle childhood in lesbian, gay, and heterosexual parent families through assisted reproduction: The mediating role of reflective functioning

the present study examined the attachment patterns distribution of 60 lesbian mothers, 50 gay fathers, and 42 heterosexual parents through assisted reproduction and their 76 children, using the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) and the Friends and Family Interview (FFI), respectively. the study also explored the intergenerational transmission of attachment through reflective functioning (AAI-RF). all families lived in italy and children were aged 6-12 years (Myears = 8.11, SD = 2.17; 48.68% assigned female at birth). the AAI patterns distribution was similar across family types and did not significantly differ from international and national normative data. similarly, children's FFI attachment patterns were evenly distributed between family types, and no significant differences emerged in comparison to international and national normative data referring to middle childhood samples. mediational models revealed that, in all three family types, parents with greater AAI coherence of mind exhibited higher AAI-RF, which, in turn, was associated with increased FFI attachment security in children. Furthermore, parents' AAI coherence of mind directly influenced children's FFI attachment security. the results support and expand hypotheses regarding the intergenerational transmission of attachment in lesbian, gay, and heterosexual parent families through assisted reproduction, while offering unique indications to support these families during middle childhood

Necdin mediates skeletal muscle regeneration by promoting myoblast survival and differentiation

Regeneration of muscle fibers that are lost during pathological muscle degeneration or after injuries is sustained by the production of new myofibers. An important cell type involved in muscle regeneration is the satellite cell. Necdin is a protein expressed in satellite cell–derived myogenic precursors during perinatal growth. However, its function in myogenesis is not known. We compare transgenic mice that overexpress necdin in skeletal muscle with both wild-type and necdin null mice. After muscle injury the necdin null mice show a considerable defect in muscle healing, whereas mice that overexpress necdin show a substantial increase in myofiber regeneration. We also find that in muscle, necdin increases myogenin expression, accelerates differentiation, and counteracts myoblast apoptosis. Collectively, these data clarify the function and mechanism of necdin in skeletal muscle and show the importance of necdin in muscle regeneration

Design and deployment of semiochemical traps for capturing 1 Anthonomus rubi Herbst (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Lygus rugulipennis Poppius (Hetereoptera: Miridae) in soft fruit crops

Strawberry blossom weevil (SBW), Anthonomus rubi Herbst (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and European tarnished plant bug (ETB), Lygus rugulipennis Poppius (Hetereoptera: Miridae), cause significant damage to strawberry and raspberry crops. Using the SBW aggregation pheromone and ETB sex pheromone we optimized and tested a single trap for both species. A series of field experiments in crops and semi-natural habitats in five European countries tested capture of the target pests and the ability to avoid captures of beneficial arthropods. A Unitrap containing a trapping agent of water and detergent and with a cross vane was more efficient at capturing both species compared to traps which incorporated glue as a trapping agent. Adding a green cross vane deterred attraction of non-pest species such as bees, but did not compromise catches of the target pests. The trap caught higher numbers of ETB and SBW if deployed at ground level and although a cross vane was not important for catches of ETB it was needed for significant captures of SBW. The potential for mass trapping SBW and ETB simultaneously in soft fruit crops is discussed including potential improvements to make this more effective and economic to deploy

Polypeptide binding to mesostructured titania films

Mesoporous titania films have been prepared via evaporation induced self-assembly and used as a matrix to bind linear pentapeptides. The mesoporous surface has been functionalized with amine groups by immersing the samples in a solution of aminopropyltriethoxysilane in toluene. Different pentapeptides have been synthesized for binding to the mesoporous films: H–Ile-Gln-Asp-Leu-Phe–COOH, H–Val-Gln-Asp-Leu-Phe–COOH and Fmoc-Phg-Gln-Asp-Leu-Phe–COOH. The peptides have been bonded to the amine functionalized surface of the titania mesoporous films with an impregnation process. The H–Val-Gln-Asp-Leu-Phe–COOH peptide has been successfully bonded to the titania matrix, while the other peptides have shown not be suitable for the process because of lower solubility and sterical hindrance. The functionalization with aminopropyltriethoxysilane and peptide binding has been studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. A fluorescent marker, fluorescein isothiocyanate, has been used to confirm the incorporation of the peptides into the titania matrix. The process is reliable and robust, after several washing cycle of the samples, the peptides are still well bonded to the titania mesoporous films

HPV32-positive exragenital bowenoid papulosis (BP) in a HIV patient with typical genital BP localization

OBJECTIVES: Bowenoid papulosis (BP) is characterized by multiple maculopapular lesions of the genitalia; extragenital localization is rarely found. Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 has been found in most cases of BP, but the other HPV genotypes associated with BP had been poorly characterized. GOAL: We describe an extragenital BP with concomitant genital involvement in an HIV-positive woman. STUDY: Several HPV gene-specific amplifications and sequencing were performed on DNA extracted from biopsy samples. RESULTS: The presence of HPV-16 DNA in anogenital and HPV-32 DNA in lip lesions was demonstrated in the absence of any other HPV type and with no coinfection. Semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that HPV-16 and -32 DNA sequences are in the episomal state. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of BP associated with HPV-32 (the causative agent of a benign hyperplasia) and a rare case of BP associated with 2 HPV types in the same patient. The immune depression could have modified the normal benign progression of the extragenital lesions

Is It Autism? A Critical Commentary on the Co-Occurrence of Gender Dysphoria and Autism Spectrum Disorder

An increasing amount of literature revealed a link between GD and ASD. Both GD and ASD are complex and heterogeneous conditions characterized by a large variety of presentations. Studies have reported that individuals with GD tend to have higher prevalence rates of autistic traits in comparison to the general population. The purpose of this commentary is to pro- vide, through the description of a clinical case, our reading and a possible interpretation of the correlation of these two condi- tions in light of the several methodological limitations found in literature. We hypothesize that the traits often classified as autistic could be more accurately related to the distress and discomfort evoked by GD. The autistic traits of individuals with GD as forms of psychological defenses and coping mechanisms aimed at deal- ing with socio-relational and identity problems are discussed

Confined growth of iron cobalt nanocrystals in mesoporous silica thin films: FeCo–SiO2 nanocomposites

Mesoporous silica films with controlled porosity were utilized as the host matrices to prepare FeCo–SiO2 nanocomposites through an impregnation process. The mesoporous silica films were first impregnated with a solution containing Co(II) and Fe(III) ions and then submitted to a reduction treatment under H2 flow. FeCo nanocrystals growth took place inside the mesopores, and their monodisperse size was dictated only by the size of the mesopores. We illustrate this process by the use of two different silica film matrices having different pore size and mesophase symmetry as the templates for the growth of FeCo alloy nanocrystals. The films and the nanocomposite samples were investigated by grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Unimpregnated mesoporous silica samples before and after the same thermal reduction treatment were also studied in order to investigate the mesopore structure variation upon the reduction treatment

Dll4 and PDGF-BB Convert Committed Skeletal Myoblasts to Pericytes without Erasing Their Myogenic Memory

SummaryPericytes are endothelial-associated cells that contribute to vessel wall. Here, we report that pericytes may derive from direct conversion of committed skeletal myoblasts. When exposed to Dll4 and PDGF-BB, but not Dll1, skeletal myoblasts downregulate myogenic genes, except Myf5, and upregulate pericyte markers, whereas inhibition of Notch signaling restores myogenesis. Moreover, when cocultured with endothelial cells, skeletal myoblasts, previously treated with Dll4 and PDGF-BB, adopt a perithelial position stabilizing newly formed vessel-like networks in vitro and in vivo. In a transgenic mouse model in which cells expressing MyoD activate Notch, skeletal myogenesis is abolished and pericyte genes are activated. Even if overexpressed, Myf5 does not trigger myogenesis because Notch induces Id3, partially sequestering Myf5 and inhibiting MEF2 expression. Myf5-expressing cells adopt a perithelial position, as occasionally also observed in wild-type (WT) embryos. These data indicate that endothelium, via Dll4 and PDGF-BB, induces a fate switch in adjacent skeletal myoblasts