Control of press access to saboteur trial

Memorandum regarding the content of a phone call between Elmer Davis and Steve Early regarding control of the press access to the trial of the "saboteurs.

Oxygen isotopes in melt inclusions and glasses from the Askja volcanic system, North Iceland

Primitive melt inclusions trapped during the earliest stages of fractional crystallisation are able to preserve oxygen isotope ratios inherited from mantle-derived melts. However, assimilation of low-δ18O hydrothermally altered crustal material and mixing with magmas held in shallow reservoirs may exert a strong control on the δ18O of melt inclusions trapped during later stages of crystallisation. Oxygen isotope ratios in olivine- and plagioclase-hosted melt inclusions and glasses from tephra samples collected from the Askja central volcano and Askja volcanic system indicate significant differences in the mechanisms of magma supply and storage between the northern and southern segments of the Askja volcanic system. Melt inclusions from the Holuhraun fissure eruption, ∼20 km south of Askja, mostly preserve δ18O signatures of +4.1‰ to +5.4‰, suggesting that this magma underwent minimal modification by magma mixing or crustal assimilation prior to its eruption. By contrast, melt inclusions and glasses from the Nýjahraun fissure eruption, ∼60 km north of Askja, have δ18O between +3.1‰ and +4.0‰. These relatively evolved melt inclusions (∼3.9–4.3 wt.% MgO) were probably trapped during late-stage fractional crystallisation in a shallow magma storage zone. Melt inclusions from two phreatomagmatic tuff sequences within the Askja caldera have δ18O between +2.1‰ and +5.2‰, and this variability cannot be explained by mixing with low-δ18O rhyolitic or andesitic contaminants in the upper crust. Instead, mixing of the ascending magmas with hydrated, low-δ18O basaltic magmas is invoked, thus acquiring a low δ18O signature with minimal modification to the magma’s bulk composition. Such magma bodies are likely to be found throughout the upper 11 km of the crust beneath Askja. Assimilation of low-δ18O meta-basalt in the upper crust is also likely to affect the δ18O of ascending magmas

Feminisms, Islamophobia and identities

There has been a tendency of late to conflate all Muslims as belonging to a single nation and aspiring to a single political aim. This effect has been achieved by some authors so as to accommodate Islamophobia, but by others to generate a sense of inclusive unity that encloses all Muslims. We contend that in the post 9/11 climate of Islamophobia women wearing the scarf, the mohajabehs, are making a political choice. They are publicly branding themselves as Muslims at a time when such a label carries the potential fear of making them vulnerable to open hostility. But the Islam that they embody is distinct and different from the stark, gendered divides envisaged by protagonists on both side of the Islamophobic divide. The unity demanded by some of the highly vocal and visible Islamic groups marginalises the contestations posed within these groups by women who may be described as feminists. The specificities demanded by those who envisage Islam primarily as an antagonistic political force in the UK are very different from the flexibility that many women envisage. They aspire to belong to the Umma or people of Islam, conceptualised as crossing ethnic, racial, geographical and political boundaries, an identity that is primarily inclusive rather than exclusive. The multiplicities of identities of many mohajabehs sit more easily within the permeable unbounded umma than the constrained gendered boundaries of the combative male political Islamism