Synthesis of 13C—O-labelled tertiary alkanoic acids by the Koch-haaf-reaction

Good yields of tertiary alkanoic acids are obtained from the Koch-Haaf-synthesis even when only stoichiometric amounts of carbinol and HCOOH are used. This offers a new approach to 13CO-labelled tertiary alkanoic acids. - An excess of HCOOH is generally used in the Koch-Haaf-synthesis1) of carboxylic acids from carbinols and HCOOH in conc. H2SO4

COMAND - A Distributed Configuration Management Framework

Software development is becoming a more and more distributed process, which urgently needs supporting tools in the field of configuration management, software process/w orkflow management, communication and problem tracking. In this paper we present a new distributed software configuration management framework COMAND. It offers high availabilit y through replication and a mechanism to easily change and adapt the project structure to new business needs. To better understand and formally prove some properties of COMAND, we have modeled it in a formal technique based on distributed graph transformations. This formalism provides an intuitive rule-based description technique mainly for the dynamic behavior of the system on an abstract level. We use it here to model the replication subsystem

Environmental Information: Placing Biodiversity Phenomena in an Ecological and Environmental Context

Environmental models are increasingly being used as surrogates to determine plant and animal species’ distributions for a range of uses. This use of models has become an important part of the recent science that has become known as biodiversity informatics. Because of the nature of species data, considerable effort has often been spent in managing the quality of those species data, but less time has generally been spent on determining the quality and efficacy of the environmental data against which the species data are being modeled. This paper examines a range of environmental data being used in species distribution modeling, and looks at how they are prepared, their quality and use, and some of the commonly encountered pitfalls and problems in using these data in species’ distribution modeling

Reestablishment, new records, and a key for the species of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae) from the Brazilian Amazon

As a result of systematic study of the Neotropical genus Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae), we reestablish the species A. centrale and A. duckei, and report A. steinbachii and A. tambopatense as new records for Brazil. We provide taxonomic descriptions of these species along with plates, distribution maps, and information on their conservation status, habitat and phenology. We also provide an identification key for all the species of Aspidosperma from the Brazilian Amazon.331120CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESSem informaçãoSem informaçã

Planejamento Estratégico como ferramenta para gestão da Assistência Farmacêutica em uma Farmácia Básica de um Município do Estado do Paraná

Com a publicação da Política Nacional de Assistência Farmacêutica (PNAF) em 2004, a estruturação da Assistência Farmacêutica (AF), tem se tornado um dos grandes desafios para os gestores e profissionais da Atenção Básica (AB) em Saúde no Brasil, principalmente por ser necessário uma reorientação, com mudança no modelo de organização e na forma de gerenciamento. Assim, o presente estudo, descreve e analisa através de um relato de experiência, o processo de construção e desenvolvimento de um plano operativo (PO) da AF em uma Farmácia localizada em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde no Estado do Paraná, com o principal objetivo de contribuir, através da criação de um grupo de farmacêuticos da atenção básica no município, para o desenvolvimento de protocolos de assistência farmacêutica. O PO foi elaborado para o enfrentamento de um problema priorizado utilizando-se como base o método do Planejamento Estratégico Situacional (PES) de Carlos Matus. O desenvolvimento do PO foi caracterizado por quatro momentos: explicativo, normativo, estratégico e o tático-operacional. Com a implantação do PO, verificou-se que o PES apresentou um grande potencial de contribuição para a organização e avanço da AF no município estudado. A criação do grupo de farmacêuticos no município, favoreceu a troca de ideias e a união desses profissionais da atenção básica, que buscam principalmente pela melhoria do serviço de dispensação, contribuindo para o fortalecimento e desenvolvimento de uma AF efetiva e de qualidade

¿Hasta qué punto es eficaz la formación en EDS para profesores universitarios?

Zur Implementierung von BNE in die Curricula der Hochschulen sind hochschuldidaktische BNE-Fortbildungen unabdingbar. Dieser Beitrag stellt ausgehend von Kompetenzmodellen die Konzeption einer solchen Fortbildung vor und beschreibt, erläutert und diskutiert Ergebnisse der empirischen Überprüfung ihrer Wirksamkeit. Dabei wird deutlich, dass die Fortbildung bei den Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmern im Bereich Professionswissen, insbesondere beim Konzeptwissen, signifikante Erhöhungen erzielte. Auch bei den nicht-kognitiven Facetten ließen sich höhere Werte beobachten, die sich jedoch nur bei einzelnen Items als signifikant erwies.In order to implement ESD in the curricula of higher education institutions, ESD training for university lecturers is indispensable. Based on competency models, this article introduces an exemplary training and describes, explains, and discusses the results of the empirical review of its effectiveness. The results show that the training of the participants in the field of professional knowledge, especially in concept knowledge, achieved significant increase. Non-cognitive facets also experienced an increase; however, this only proved to be significant for individual items.Para implantar la EDS en los planes de estudios de las instituciones de enseñanza superior es indispensable impartir formación en EDS a los profesores universitarios. Basándose en modelos de competencias, el artículo presenta el concepto de dicha formación y describe, explica y discute los resultados del examen empírico de su eficacia. Se pone de manifiesto que la formación de los participantes en el ámbito de los conocimientos profesionales, especialmente en los conocimientos conceptuales, logró incrementos significativos. Se observó un aumento en las facetas no cognitivas, pero sólo resultó significativo en los ítems individuales.Peer Reviewe

Studying Neolithic lithics – from a cross-border dialogue to a common language

This paper aims at introducing a recent European collaborative project dedicated to lithic studies of the Neolithic. It unites a group of archaeologists from France, the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany, who belong to different research traditions. Our first meetings stressed the need for a cross-border dialogue and a common language for lithic analysis, including raw material analysis, blank production and tool production. We began by highlighting the differences and proximities between the different approaches, the potentialities to bridge these differences, the archaeological goals and the training needed. Our project, therefore, aims to harmonise our study practices in order to promote international communication and collaboration.In diesem Beitrag soll ein kürzlich ins Leben gerufenes europäisches Gemeinschaftsprojekt vorgestellt werden, das sich mit lithischen Studien des Neolithikums befasst. Es vereint eine Gruppe von Archäolog*innen aus Frankreich, dem Vereinigten Königreich, Belgien, den Niederlanden und Deutschland, die unterschiedlichen Forschungstraditionen angehören. Unsere ersten Treffen verdeutlichten die Notwendigkeit eines grenzüber- schreitenden Dialogs und einer gemeinsamen Sprache für die lithische Analyse, zu der die Analyse des Rohmaterials, der Grundformproduktion und der Werkzeugproduktion gehören. Wir begannen damit, die Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen den verschiedenen Ansätzen, die Möglichkeiten zur Überbrückung dieser Unterschiede, die archäologischen Ziele und die erforderliche Ausbildung herauszustellen. Unser Projekt zielt darauf ab, unsere Untersuchungspraktiken zu vereinheitlichen, um die internationale Kommunikation und Zusammenarbeit zu fördern

Cardiac dysfunction in a porcine model of pediatric malnutrition

Half a million children die annually of severe acute malnutrition and cardiac dysfunction may contribute to the mortality. However, cardiac function remains poorly examined in cases of severe acute malnutrition.To determine malnutrition-induced echocardiographic disturbances and longitudinal changes in plasma pro-atrial natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin-T in a pediatric porcine model.Five-week old piglets (Duroc-x-Danish Landrace-x-Yorkshire) were fed a nutritionally inadequate maize-flour diet to induce malnutrition (MAIZE, n = 12) or a reference diet (AGE-REF, n = 12) for 7 weeks. Outcomes were compared to a weight-matched reference group (WEIGHT-REF, n = 8). Pro-atrial natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin-T were measured weekly. Plasma pro-atrial natriuretic peptide decreased in both MAIZE and AGE-REF during the first 3 weeks but increased markedly in MAIZE relative to AGE-REF during week 5-7 (p ≤ 0.001). There was overall no difference in plasma cardiac troponin-T between groups. However, further analysis revealed that release of cardiac troponin-T in plasma was more frequent in AGE-REF compared with MAIZE (OR: 4.8; 95%CI: 1.2-19.7; p = 0.03). However, when release occurred, cardiac troponin-T concentration was 6.9-fold higher (95%CI: 3.0-15.9; p < 0.001) in MAIZE compared to AGE-REF. At week 7, the mean body weight in MAIZE was lower than AGE-REF (8.3 vs 32.4 kg, p < 0.001), whereas heart-weight relative to body-weight was similar across the three groups. The myocardial performance index was 86% higher in MAIZE vs AGE-REF (p < 0.001) and 27% higher in MAIZE vs WEIGHT-REF (p = 0.025).Malnutrition associates with cardiac dysfunction in a pediatric porcine model by increased myocardial performance index and pro-atrial natriuretic peptide and it associates with cardiac injury by elevated cardiac troponin-T. Clinical studies are needed to see if the same applies for children suffering from malnutrition

Innovative models for collaboration and student mobility in Europe

This report is based on new developments in higher education and international collaboration as collected by EADTU's Task Force and Peer Learning Activity on Virtual Mobility. The result is a report on three types of collaboration mobility: physical, blended and online. Main parameters for innovative education and mobility formats are defined as well as basic principles of international course and curriculum design. Examples illustrate the complete opportunity space between fully face to face and fully online collaboration. They relate to mobility within single courses, exchange mobility (classical Erasmus), networked programmes and mobility windows and joint programmes with embedded mobility. Mobility offers opportunities to institutions to strengthen their programmes and to students to enrich their study. They benefit from an international learning experience or following courses not provided by their own institution. The report shows concrete mobility schemes used in the membership (and beyond). It underpins policies for international networking and delivers tools to organise innovative education and mobility formats