Uppföljning av matavfall i offentliga storkök i Sverige

One-third of all food production is wasted according to international estimations. United Nations have set an aim to reduce food waste by halving the amount by 2030 as food waste is responsible for creating much of the negative impacts on the environment. Food waste reduction is seen as one of the critical elements to achieving a sustainable food system under the EU food strategy. This study compiles food waste data from a large number of food serving places in Sweden. The information was collected from 822 kitchen units that recorded 609 tons of food waste from serving 7,683,650 meal portions served in Swedish public catering including Elderly care, Hospitals, Preschools, Primary schools, Secondary schools, and places that was a mixture of these categories. The data was recorded by the municipalities themselves and was then collected and compiled for the present study. The average waste per portion (in gram) throughout 2013 to 2020 were 122 g, 110 g, 65 g, 64 g, 96 g, and 51 g respectively in all sectors of catering units aggregated. In all sectors, the trend of food waste generation was declining to indicate that measures to reduce food waste are successful and contribute to a sustainable food syste

A non-linear numerical model for stratified Tsunami waves and its application

A non-linear numerical model is developed for the computation of water level and discharge for the propagation of a unidirectional two-layered tsunami wave. Four governing equations, two for each layer, are derived from Euler’s equations of motion and continuity, assuming a long wave approximation, negligible friction and no interfacial mixing. A numerical model is developed using a staggered Leap-Frog scheme. The developed non- linear model is compared with an existing validated linear model developed earlier by the author for different non-dimensional wave amplitudes. The significance of non-linear terms is discussed. It is found that for simulations of the interface wave amplitude, the effect of non-linear terms is not significant. However, for the simulation of the top surface, the effect of non-linear terms is significant for higher wave amplitudes, and insignificant for lower wave amplitudes. Developed non-linear numerical model is used for the case of a progressive internal wave in an inclined bay. It is found that the effect of an adverse bottom slipe towards the direction of wave propagation is to amplify the wave. This amplification depends on the steepness of slope as well as the ratio of densities of upper layer fluid to lower layer fluid (α). Amplification increases with slope. For higher values of α, amplification of the top and interface surface decreases, which is reasonable. It is also found that even for a 4 percent density difference between upper layer and lower layer, amplification of the top surface will be twenty times higher than amplification in the non-stratified case. The model can be applied confidently to simulate the basic features of different practical problems, similar to those investigated in this study

Robust Diamond/\b{eta}-Ga2O3 Hetero-p-n-junction Via Mechanically Integrating Their Building Blocks

We report a novel approach for crafting robust diamond/\b{eta}-Ga2O3 hetero-p-n-junctions through the mechanical integration of their bulk materials. This resulting heterojunction, with a turn-on voltage of ~2.7 V at room temperature, exhibits resilient electrical performance across a temperature spectrum up to 125{\deg}C, displaying minimal hysteresis-measuring as low as 0.2 V at room temperature and below 0.7 V at 125{\deg}C. Remarkably, the ideality factor achieves a record low value of 1.28, setting a new benchmark for diamond/ \b{eta}-Ga2O3 heterojunctions. The rectification ratio reaches over 10^8 at different temperatures. This effortlessly fabricated and remarkably resilient diamond/Ga2O3 hetero-p-n-junction pioneers a novel pathway for the exploration and fabrication of heterojunctions for ultra-wide bandgap semiconductors with substantial lattice mismatch and different thermal expansion coefficients.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, journal and this draft has been submitted to 'Applied Physics Letters

The Effect of Band-Gap on TiO2 Thin Film Considering Various Parameters

The aim of this work is to measure the effect of band-gap on TiO2 thin films by changing tetrabutylorthotitanate (TBOT), diethanolamine (DEA), and temperature. The sol-gel method is experimentally introduced to find out the better band-gap of TiO2 thin films by varying the concentration of TBOT (4 ml to 10 ml), DEA (2 ml to 5 ml), and temperature (350°C to 650°C). With the help of an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer for the wavelength of 300-900 nm, these thin films are characterized concerning optical properties (transmittance spectra, absorbance spectra, direct band-gap, and indirect band-gap). The direct and indirect band-gaps are found 3.38 eV and 3.25 eV respectively, which are close to or within the standard band-gap range of TiO2 (3.2 eV to 3.35 eV) and are found at 8 ml TBOT, 3 ml DEA, and a temperature of 550°C

Generalized equations for rainwater tank outcomes under different climate conditions: a case study for Adelaide

Most of the studies on rainwater tanks focused on sizing and/or optimum design. Some studies proposed different methods of estimating rainwater tank outcomes. Several studies used monthly rainfall data to estimate rainwater tank outcomes. However, quantification using daily rainfall data will be much more realistic than using monthly rainfall data. This paper presents development of generalised equations for domestic rainwater tank outcomes for an Australian city, Adelaide, using a daily water balance model, which incorporates measured daily rainfall data. To investigate the climate variabilities of rainwater tank outcomes, 15 representative years (five for each dry, average and wet condition) are selected from historical rainfall data. For the three climate conditions, rainwater tank outcomes such as water savings and town water augmentation amounts are presented in relation to tank volume, roof area and rainwater demand. Eventually, six equations, one for each climate condition and one for each outcome, are proposed

Numerical models of solar distillation device: present and previous

In this paper, a detailed comparison of a few numerical models (with and without considering humid air properties) for the estimation of water production from a solar water distillation device is investigated. An extensive laboratory production experiments were executed under fifteen sets of external conditions to find the properties of evaporation and condensation coefficients to incorporate with the present evaporation and condensation models (two unique and independent theoretical models), respectively. The calculation accuracy of the evaporation flux computed by two evaporation models (present and previous), Dunkle's and Ueda's model, and of the hourly condensation flux estimated by two condensation models (present and previous) was examined using the field experimental results. It was found that the previous evaporation and condensation models using empirical relationships extremely overestimated and underestimated the observed production flux, respectively. The evaporation flux calculated by the conventional models of Dunkle and Ueda notably underestimated and overestimated the observed values, respectively. Finally, it is revealed that the present models have the smallest deviation between the calculated and the observed values among these six models and can predict the daily production flux

Immediate and Early Postnatal Care for Mothers and Newborns in Rural Bangladesh

The study evaluated the impact of essential newborn-care interventions at the household level in the Saving Newborn Lives project areas. Two household surveys were conducted following the 30-cluster sampling method using a structured questionnaire in 2002 (baseline) and 2004 (endline) respectively. In total, 3,325 mothers with children aged less than one year in baseline and 3,110 mothers in endline from 10 sub-districts were interviewed during each survey. The proportion of newborns dried and wrapped immediately after birth increased from 14% in 2002 to 55% in 2004; 76.2% of the newborns were put to the mother's breast within one hour of birth compared to 38.6% in baseline. Newborn check-up within 24 hours of delivery increased from 14.4% in 2002 to 27.3% in 2004. Postnatal check-up of mothers by trained providers within three days of delivery rose from 2.4% in 2002 to 27.3% in 2004. Knowledge of the mothers on at least two postnatal danger signs increased by 17.2%, i.e. from 47.1% in 2002 to 64.3% in 2004. Knowledge of mothers on at least three postnatal danger signs also showed an increase of 16%. Essential newborn-care practices, such as drying and wrapping the baby immediately after birth, initiation of breastmilk within one hour of birth, and early postnatal newborn check-up, improved in the intervention areas. Increased community awareness helped improve maternal and newborn-care practices at the household level. Lessons learnt from implementation revealed that door-to-door visits by community health workers, using community registers as job-aids, were effective in identifying pregnant women and following them through pregnancy to the postnatal periods

Editorial: urban nature-based solutions and green infrastructure as strategies for climate change adaptation

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio