Peran Alat Kelengkapan Dewan dan Penguatan Fungsi Legislasi Dprd

Pemerintahan daerah dalam rangka meningkatkan efisiensi danefektivitas penyelenggaraan otonomi daerah, perlu memperhatikanhubungan antar susunan pemerintahan dan antar pemerintahan daerah,potensi dan keanekaragaman daerah, Daerah memiliki kewenanganmembuat kebijakan daerah untuk memberi pelayanan, peningkatanperanserta, prakarsa, dan pemberdayaan masyarakat yang bertujuan padapeningkatan kesejahteraan rakyat. Sejalan dengan Perubahan konstitusidan kematangan otonomi daerah, mulai dilakukan penguatan fungsi dankinerja dewan melalui Perubahan regulasi, pembenahan strukturkelembagaan (mis. adanya penambahan alat kelengkapan dewan yangberupa Badan Legislasi, Badan Kehormatan, dll), penguatankelembagaan (optimalisasi fungsi alat-alat kelengkapan dewan),penguatan penganggaran, peningkatan daya dukung Dewan (saranaprasaranadan staf) dan penentuan Program Legislasi Daerah sebagaiinstrumen perencanaan pembentukan peraturan daerah yang disusunsecara berencana, terpadu dan sistematis antara Dewan dan PemerintahDaerah

Perlindungan Hukum Indikasi Geografis Terhadap Produk Kelapa Kopyor Kabupaten Pati : Analisis Yuridis Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 Tentang Merek Dan Indikasi Geografis

Geographical indication is one component of intellectual property rights which is also a sign in showing the area of origin of an item/product due to several factors, namely: environmental factors, natural factors, and human factors that produce certain characteristics of the goods/products. Regulations regarding geographical indications have been regulated in Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Marks and Geographical Indications. One of the products that have the potential to get legal protection for geographical indications is coconut kopyor in Pati Regency, because it has different characteristics than other regions. This study uses an empirical juridical approach and uses a descriptive type of research. The understanding of kopyor coconut farmers in Pati Regency on legal protection of geographical indications is still lacking. Lack of legal knowledge results in most of them not knowing it so that kopyor coconut farmers have less legal awareness. Efforts to protect the kopyor coconut in Pati Regency as a potential geographical indication area can be obtained if it has been registered with the Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights, as has been regulated in Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Marks and Geographical Indications and the Indonesian Geographical Indication Book that has been issued by Directorate General of Intellectual Property

Peran Guru Dalam Memberikan Bimbingan Belajar Untuk Mengatasi Kesulitan Membaca Siswa Kelas 3 DI SDN Cangkol 3 Tahun Ajaran 2016/2017

This research is intended for several things in Class 3 SDN Cangkol 3, among others: 1) Characteristics of students who have difficulty reading, 2) The role of teachers to overcome reading difficulties, 3) Form of Tutoring provided by teachers to overcome reading difficulties, 4) Barriers Experienced by teachers to overcome reading difficulties, 5) Solutions given by teachers to overcome reading difficulties. This type of research is qualitative and the research design is descriptive research. Informants in this research are 3rd graders and four students who have difficulty reading. Technical data using observation, interview and documentation. The validity of the data using tri sources and methods. The results showed: 1) Characteristics of students who have difficulty reading one with the others vary so that teachers should help each other in accordance with their respective needs, 2) The role of teachers in overcoming students who have difficulty reading, that is giving advice, motivation And accompany Students who have difficulty reading by giving special attention, 3) the form of learning guidance done in overcoming students who have difficulty reading teaching method, early reading method, the use of book fairy tale or story and strategy of language experience, 4) The deep barriers Provide tutoring , There is no awareness from within the students themselves to practice reading, the students themselves do not pay attention to teacher explanations, and the attention of parents, 5) solution in overcoming barriers to reading, so hostility Class Agar conducive and participate to accompany children while studying at home. Keywords: Teacher Role, Tutoring, Reading Difficult

Kewajiban Kepala Desa Sebagai Mediator Dalam Menyelesaikan Perselisihan Hak Atas Tanah Masyarakat Desa

Penyelenggara pemerintah desa dilaksanakan oleh kepala desa disisi lain kepala desa diberi kewajiban sebagai mediator, paham yang dianut Indonesia paham distribusi kekuasaan yang intinya kekuasaan tidak bertupuk pada satu orang, jenis perselisihan dimasyarakat desa yang diselesaikan oleh kepala desa tidak jelas, meningkatnya perkara dipengadilan tentang hak atas tanah dari tahun 2014-2015, proses mediasi dipengadilan kurang maksimal. Aspek ontologi, hakikat kebenaran dan kenyataan, kebenaran penyelesaian perselisihan masyarakat desa yang kemudian penyelesaian ini dilalukan oleh Kepala Desa. Kepala Desa merupakan penyelengaran pemeritah desa untuk urusan masyarakat desa dalam bidang adminstrasi selain itu kepala Desa juga harus bertindak sebagai mediator untuk menyelesaikan perselisihan di masyarakat. Epistemologi, Secara Epistomologi penyelesaian perselisihan masyarakat desa cara yang hendak digunakan untuk mengakhri perselisihan pada masyarakat, mengunakan lembaga yang berada didesa baik itu lembaga yang sudah ada sejak lama maupun lembaga yang akan baru diadakan guna untuk mengakhiri perselisihan masyarakat secara damai. Aspek Aksiologi, mempertanyakan apakah penugasan kepala desa sebagai mediator sudah sesuai dengan tujuan hukum mengingat kepala desa memiliki dua peran yaitu sebagai penyelengarah pemerintahan desa dan sebagai mediator. Rumusan masalah 1). apakah kewajiban kepala desa sebagai mediator dalam menyelesaikan perselisihan hak atas tanah masyarakat desa 2). mengapa kepala desa diberi kewajiban sebagai mediator dalam menyelesaikan perselisihan hak atas tanah masyarakat desa 3). bagaimana pengaturan penyelesaian perselisihan hak atas tanah masyarakat desa sesuai dengan tujuan hukum Metode yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian hukum (legal research) dengan mengunakan pendekatan filsafati ( philosophical approach), konsep, kasus, sejarah dan undang-undang (statute approacht). teori dan konsep yang digunakan sebagai piasu analisis dalam disertasi ini, teori tujuan hukum, teori keadilan, teori kewenangan, teori penyelesaian sengketa. Hasil penelitian : Pertama Kewajiban Kepala Desa Sebagai Mediator, secara filosofis tujuan Negara Republik Indonesia pembukan alinea ke IV UUD NRI Tahun 1945, salah tujuan terbentuknya Negara Republik ini untuk menciptakan Perdamaian abadi, secara Yuridis untuk membina memelihara ketentraman dan ketertiban masyarakat desa, Secara Teoritis untuk mengakhir perselisihan para pihak tercipta keadaan seperti semula hidup damai. Kedua Pertimbangan kepala Desa diberi kewajiban sebagai mediator, Kepala Desa sebagai penyelenggara pemerintahan Desa, kewenangan dari Undang-undang dan berdasarkan hak asal vii usul, pemerintah Desa sangat dekat dengan masyarakat desa. Ketiga penyelesaian perselisihan hak atas tanah masyarakat desa sesuai dengan tujuan hukum, pertama penyelesaian yang berkeadilan yaitu a). kepala desa sebagai mediator b). kepala desa bersama lembaga khusus penyelesaian perselisihan c). jika kepala desa tidak digunakan sebagai mediator maka perlu adanya lembaga khusus menyelesaikan perselisihan hak atas tanah masyarakatan desa, penyelenggara LPMD tentunya harus paham hukum negara, hukum adat dan hukum agama sehingga hasil penyelesaian akan mendekati rasa keadilan. Kedua hukum yang berkepastian, penguatan hak asal usul terkait dengan penyelesaian perselisihan masyarakat desa dengan perda atau perdes dengan meperhatikan peraturan perudang-undangan lain jika diperlukan adanya pejabat khusus yang mencatat akta perdamaian masyarakat desa. Ketiga hukum yang bermanfaat, memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat desa guna mewujudkan penyelesaian perselisihan cepat sederhana dan biaya ringan

Aktualisasi Teologi al Ma'un Dalam Kegiatn Ekstrakurikuler Palang Merah Remaja Di SMP Negeri 1 Surakarta Tahun 2015-2016

The worship activities is very closely related to social activities. Al ma'un is one of letter that explaine about the ritual of worshiping in social activities. This study aims to describe the theology of Al ma'un as well as describe the actualization ofAl ma'un’stheology that executedofextracurricular PMR activities of Public’s Junior High School number 1of Surakarta. The research method used to get the data usesofthe qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of interviews that are validated by observation, and documentation. The research results that obtained from this study are Al ma'un’stheology is the of applyingtheology that do not merely memorized, read and understood.Basic assumptions of the al 'un’stheology is a worship activity that requires the concrete action that related to social problems. PMR of Public’s Junior High School number 1of Surakartatries to actualize Al ma'un’s theology with a capacity of its own capabilities. Activities that conducted by PMR of of Public’s Junior High School number 1of Surakartainform of capabilities within to execute the fundamental social activities. Capabilities that possessed just limited as training and conditioningsite. In addition also need the guidance and mentoring. Actualizing Al ma'un’s theology that conducted by members of the PMR ofPublic’s Junior High School number 1there are several servicesdomain.Service from of schooling (education) domain is done with training activities about social material of the Red Crossing. The charity service conducted with activities of humanity wallet with objective the poor and displaced person. The activities of Character building camp is a service from of healing and feeding because it teaches the students to attempt to have socialize as well as provide care for others that need it

Natural Products Modulating Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) as Potential COVID-19 Therapies

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a potentially fatal multisystemic infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, viable therapeutic options that are cost effective, safe and readily available are desired, but lacking. Nevertheless, the pandemic is noticeably of lesser burden in African and Asian regions, where the use of traditional herbs predominates, with such relationship warranting a closer look at ethnomedicine. From a molecular viewpoint, the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the crucial first phase of COVID-19 pathogenesis. Here, we review plants with medicinal properties which may be implicated in mitigation of viral invasion either via direct or indirect modulation of ACE2 activity to ameliorate COVID-19. Selected ethnomedicinal plants containing bioactive compounds which may prevent and mitigate the fusion and entry of the SARS-CoV-2 by modulating ACE2-associated up and downstream events are highlighted. Through further experimentation, these plants could be supported for ethnobotanical use and the phytomedicinal ligands could be potentially developed into single or combined preventive therapeutics for COVID-19. This will benefit researchers actively looking for solutions from plant bioresources and help lessen the burden of COVID-19 across the globe.We appreciate the support and resource provided by staff and postgraduate members of the Center for Advanced Medical Research and Training (CAMRET), Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria. DU acknowledges the postgraduate scholarship awarded to him (CAMRET/ 2019/MSc/SCH003) by CAMRET. NC-M. acknowledges the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the Horizon 2020 Program (PTDC/PSI-GER/ 28076/2017). The work was also supported by Taif University Researchers Supporting Program (Project number: TURSP-2020/93), Taif University, Saudi Arabia

Biodegradability standards for carrier bags and plastic films in aquatic environments: a critical review

Plastic litter is encountered in aquatic ecosystems across the globe, including polar environments and the deep sea. To mitigate the adverse societal and ecological impacts of this waste, there has been debate on whether ‘biodegradable’ materials should be granted exemptions from plastic bag bans and levies. However, great care must be exercised when attempting to define this term, due to the broad and complex range of physical and chemical conditions encountered within natural ecosystems. Here, we review existing international industry standards and regional test methods for evaluating the biodegradability of plastics within aquatic environments (wastewater, unmanaged freshwater and marine habitats). We argue that current standards and test methods are insufficient in their ability to realistically predict the biodegradability of carrier bags in these environments, due to several shortcomings in experimental procedures and a paucity of information in the scientific literature. Moreover, existing biodegradability standards and test methods for aquatic environments do not involve toxicity testing or account for the potentially adverse ecological impacts of carrier bags, plastic additives, polymer degradation products or small (microscopic) plastic particles that can arise via fragmentation. Successfully addressing these knowledge gaps is a key requirement for developing new biodegradability standard(s) for lightweight carrier bags

Perceptions of anti-smoking messages amongst high school students in Pakistan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Surveys have provided evidence that tobacco use is widely prevalent amongst the youth in Pakistan. Several reviews have evaluated the effectiveness of various tobacco control programs, however, few have taken into account the perceptions of students themselves regarding these measures. The aim of this study was to determine the most effective anti-smoking messages that can be delivered to high-school students in Pakistan, based on their self-rated perceptions. It also aimed to assess the impact of pictorial/multi-media messages compared with written health warnings and to discover differences in perceptions of smokers to those of non-smokers to health warning messages.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This study was carried out in five major cities of Pakistan in private English-medium schools. A presentation was delivered at each school that highlighted the well-established health consequences of smoking using both written health warnings and pictorial/multi-media health messages. Following the presentation, the participants filled out a graded questionnaire form, using which they rated the risk-factors and messages that they thought were most effective in stopping or preventing them from smoking. The Friedman test was used to rank responses to each of the questions in the form. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank test used to analyze the impact of pictorial/multi-media messages over written statements. The Mann Whitney U test was used to compare responses of smokers with those of non-smokers.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Picture of an oral cavity cancer, videos of a cancer patient using an electronic voice box and a patient on a ventilator, were perceived to be the most effective anti-smoking messages by students. Addiction, harming others through passive smoking and impact of smoking on disposable incomes were perceived to be less effective messages. Pictorial/multi-media messages were perceived to be more effective than written health warnings. Health warnings were perceived as less effective amongst smokers compared to non-smokers.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Graphic pictorial/multi-media health warnings that depict cosmetic and functional distortions were perceived as effective anti-smoking messages by English-medium high school students in Pakistan. Smokers demonstrated greater resistance to health promotion messages compared with non-smokers. Targeted interventions for high school students may be beneficial.</p

Physiological traits of the symbiotic bacterium Teredinibacter turnerae isolated from the mangrove shipworm Neoteredo reynei

Nutrition in the Teredinidae family of wood-boring mollusks is sustained by cellulolytic/nitrogen fixing symbiotic bacteria of the Teredinibacter clade. The mangrove Teredinidae Neoteredo reynei is popularly used in the treatment of infectious diseases in the north of Brazil. In the present work, the symbionts of N. reynei, which are strictly confined to the host's gills, were conclusively identified as Teredinibacter turnerae. Symbiont variants obtained in vitro were able to grow using casein as the sole carbon/nitrogen source and under reduced concentrations of NaCl. Furthermore, cellulose consumption in T. turnerae was clearly reduced under low salt concentrations. As a point of interest, we hereby report first hand that T. turnerae in fact exerts antibiotic activity. Furthermore, this activity was also affected by NaCl concentration. Finally, T. turnerae was able to inhibit the growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, this including strains of Sphingomonas sp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus sciuri. Our findings introduce new points of view on the ecology of T. turnerae, and suggest new biotechnological applications for this marine bacterium