Export growth and diversification : the case of Peru

The rapid growth of exports since the early 1990s is a central feature in the extraordinary rise of Peru's economy in recent years. This study puts a lens on this export growth episode, with special attention to two issues. The first one is the role of international price levels as well as export volumes in explaining this growth. The second one is whether Peru has seen a diversification of its exports during this growth episode. The empirical analysis finds that although the increase in international mineral prices has exerted a significant impact in recent years, much of the growth of Peru's export revenues has also been related to an increase in volumes. This finding applies to traditional and non- traditional exports, although the importance of volumes is more predominant for the latter. The analysis does not reveal a trend toward greater diversification of Peru's exports since 1993. On the contrary, some of the evidence suggests that the rises in price and volumes in the mining components could be leading to greater concentration. Nonetheless, there is a clear trend toward diversification among non-traditional exports due to the significant emergence of new export products in recent years.Economic Theory&Research,Achieving Shared Growth,Agribusiness&Markets,Markets and Market Access,Tax Law

Overcoming Resistance in Learning: Bridging the Gap Between Educator and Learner

Block chair faculty organized a book club to gain insight into how to best help students at UNM SOM. “Why Students Resist Learning,” by authors Anton O. Tolman and Janine Kremling became a central resource for faculty. The phenomenon of resistance in learning is a set of attitudes or behaviors that can be overtly or covertly demonstrated by learners in an educational setting and ultimately result in decreased learning and performance. Resistance is a fluid and multifactorial state. Factors include learning environment, individual characteristics of the learner, and teaching style. In order to maximize student learning and success at UNM SOM, we must first identify the types of resistance being demonstrated. In an effort to begin to understand resistance in learning at UNM SOM, we first focused on the student perspective

Lactarius purpureobadius Malençon ex Basso, en España

Lactarius purpureobadius Malençon ex Basso, a Espanya. Es descriu, comenta i iconografia un tàxon molt interessant, no citat prèviament a Espanya.Lactarius purpureobadius Malençon ex Basso, in Spain. One interesting taxon, previously unrecorded in Spain, is described, commented and illustrated.Lactarius purpureobadius Malençon ex Basso, en España. Se describe, comenta e ilustra un taxon muy interesante, no citado previamente en España

Lactarius purpureobadius Malençon ex Basso, en España

Lactarius purpureobadius Malençon ex Basso, a Espanya. Es descriu, comenta i iconografia un tàxon molt interessant, no citat prèviament a Espanya.Lactarius purpureobadius Malençon ex Basso, in Spain. One interesting taxon, previously unrecorded in Spain, is described, commented and illustrated.Lactarius purpureobadius Malençon ex Basso, en España. Se describe, comenta e ilustra un taxon muy interesante, no citado previamente en España

Calculation of total cross section for electron capture in collisions of Carbon ions with H (D,T) (1s)

The calculations of total cross sections of electron capture in collisions of Cq+ with H (1s) are reviewed. At low collision energies new calculations have been performed using molecular expansions, to analyze isotope effects. The Classical Trajectory Monte Carlo method have been also applied to discuss the occuracy of previous calculatiosn and to extend the energy range of the available cross sectionsProject ENE2011-28200 (Secretaría de Estado de I+D+i, SPAIN

Building an endangered language resource in the classroom: Universal dependencies for Kakataibo

In this paper, we launch a new Universal Dependencies treebank for an endangered language from Amazonia: Kakataibo, a Panoan language spoken in Peru. We first discuss the collaborative methodology implemented, which proved effective to create a treebank in the context of a Computational Linguistic course for undergraduates. Then, we describe the general details of the treebank and the language-specific considerations implemented for the proposed annotation. We finally conduct some experiments on part-of-speech tagging and syntactic dependency parsing. We focus on monolingual and transfer learning settings, where we study the impact of a Shipibo-Konibo treebank, another Panoan language resourc

¿Qué nos dejó la pandemia?. Retos y aprendizajes para la educación superior

Experiencias, vivencias y reflexiones sobre la realidad actual de la educación universitaria forman parte de esta publicación. La transición de una educación mayoritariamente presencial a una educación de emergencia a distancia con la proyección de un futuro de un sistema híbrido, exige nuevos retos. Los cambios no pueden ser solo de forma: la crisis provocada por la pandemia demanda transformaciones en varios aspectos: la modalidad, el ritmo, los roles de estudiantes y docentes, la metodología, las formas de evaluar, las características del aprendizaje síncrono u asíncrono, el uso de la tecnología. Todo esto implica la construcción colectiva de una nueva realidad educativa orientada a la formación de una ciudadanía activa, con herramientas personales y profesionales para mejorar la realidad social actual

Idiopathic osteonecrosis of the medial tibial plateau

Osteonecrosis of the medial tibial plateau is characterized by acute pain on the medial aspect of the knee. Progression can lead to articular collapse and requires early diagnosis and treatment. We studied seven patients affected of idiopathic osteonecrosis of the tibial plateau. The mean age was 62 years and the mean follow-up 42 months. We performed roentgenograms in all patients, bone scans in three patients and magnetic resonance image (MRI) in five. MRI shows T1-weighted low-intensity signal and T2-weighted high-intensity signal with a surrounding area of intermediate low-intensity signal. An increased focal uptake was seen at bone scan. Histological findings showed necrotic bone with empty lacunae. Surgical treatment consisted of tibial subchondral drilling in four patients-two of them by failure of conservative treatment, and a total knee arthroplasty in other two. One patient had a satisfactory evolution with conservative treatment. Idiopathic osteonecrosis of the tibial plateau must be considered in elderly patients with knee pain over the medial tibial plateau. At early stages, decompression with tibial drilling must be considered. This procedure allows a prompt and effective relief of symptom