Entrepreneurs and Regional Industries

The need for study is to bring out the neglected regional life in today's globalised environment. Among men who distinguish between language and race, their unique industries, the economy that grows on it, and the young entrepreneurs responsible for that economic growth are a record to be taken into consideration. Human needs such as food and clothing vary from human to human fingerprint.  Requirements are also determined according to the geographical components in which they live. The materials available in the respective locality are the raw materials for entrepreneurship. Therefore, industries are carried out by their respective land based life. The study deals with the employment opportunities available in Thoothukudi, Kovilpatti, Sathur, Sivakasi, Tiruvilliputhur and Rajapalayam, identified as Karisalblock, and the young entrepreneurs emerging there

Analysis of Compost Parameters and a Molecular Approach on its Thermophilic Microflora

Abstract- The present study deals on factors and parameters influencing composting. The temperature, pH, ash, moisture, carbon and nitrogen content estimated at every 15 days interval states that composting is high during thermophilic phase than mesophilic phase. The microbial loads of bacteria were estimated by SPC method in PBYG medium. charecterization was done by biochemical analysis, thermotolerance assay and by molecular methods. Amplification of 16s rRNA gene sequence and universal eubacterial primers 27F and 1492 R to give a product of approximately 1500 bp in length was amplified by PCR. Sequencing software windows VQ2, gene codes were used to assemble the fragment. The sequence data was analyzed by comparing in gene bank database using Basic local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST 2.2.1.6) in a nucleotide to nucleotide search of 16s rRNA gene sequence from type strain and species were identified as thermophilic Bacillus pumilis and Pseudomonas stutzeri showing 93 % and 98 % homology respectively. T Index Terms- Thermophiles, Compost, Composting Analysi

Preparation of rare earth - transition metal (RE: Y, Tm: Co) intermetallic compounds by calciothermic reduction diffusion process

Rare earth cobalt alloys have many special magnetic properties and can be used to prepare magnetic and magneto-optical components. The yttrium - cobalt intermetallic compounds are prepared by calciothermic reduction - diffusion (CRD) process at temperature of 1000 ºC, under argon atmosphere. Yttrium oxide, metallic cobalt powder, metallic calcium are used as raw materials in this process. Calcium acts as the reductant, which is used to prepare the YCo5 magnetic material. XRD, SEM, EDAX and some thermodynamic valuation have been carried out on the products. The chemical reactions controlled by unreacted core model theory were studied.  http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/metmateng1401035

Preparation of rare earth - transition metal (RE: Y, Tm: Co) intermetallic compounds by calciothermic reduction diffusion process

Rare earth cobalt alloys have many special magnetic properties and can be used to prepare magnetic and magneto-optical components. The yttrium – cobalt intermetallic compounds are prepared by calciothermic reduction – diffusion (CRD) process at temperature of 1000ºC, under argon atmosphere. Yttrium oxide, metallic cobalt powder, metallic calcium are used as raw materials in this process. Calcium acts as the reductant, which is used to prepare the YCo5 magnetic material. XRD, SEM, EDAX and some thermodynamic valuation have been carried out on the products. The chemical reactions controlled by unreacted core model theory were studied. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/metmateng1401035

Hemangiomatous Ameloblastoma: A Rare Variant

Ameloblastoma is a true neoplasm of enamel organ type tissue. It is the most common odontogenic neoplasm with more frequency in the mandible. A 20 years old male patient presented with a swelling in the right side of the mandible of 10 months duration. Orthopantomograph revealed multilocular radiolucency extending from the region of 46 to the condyle. Incision biopsy revealed features of plexiform ameloblastoma. Numerous vascular spaces of varying size were seen throughout the stroma. Excision biopsy also revealed similar findings. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of hemangiomatous plexiform ameloblastoma was made. Hemangiomatous ameloblastoma (HA) is still a controversial entity, with some pathologists ruling it out as a  separate lesion. This paper discusses the possibility that HA might be an aggressive variant of ameloblastoma and reviews relevant literature.&nbsp

Decreased Brain Volume in Adults with Childhood Lead Exposure

Using magnetic resonance imaging to assess brain volumes, Kim Cecil and colleagues find that inner-city children with higher blood lead levels showed regions of decreased gray matter as adults

Chick Embryo Partial Ischemia Model: A New Approach to Study Ischemia Ex Vivo

Background: Ischemia is a pathophysiological condition due to blockade in blood supply to a specific tissue thus damaging the physiological activity of the tissue. Different in vivo models are presently available to study ischemia in heart and other tissues. However, no ex vivo ischemia model has been available to date for routine ischemia research and for faster screening of anti-ischemia drugs. In the present study, we took the opportunity to develop an ex vivo model of partial ischemia using the vascular bed of 4th day incubated chick embryo. Methodology/Principal Findings: Ischemia was created in chick embryo by ligating the right vitelline artery using sterile surgical suture. Hypoxia inducible factor- 1 alpha (HIF-1a), creatine phospho kinase-MB and reactive oxygen species in animal tissues and cells were measured to confirm ischemia in chick embryo. Additionally, ranolazine, N-acetyl cysteine and trimetazidine were administered as an anti-ischemic drug to validate the present model. Results from the present study depicted that blocking blood flow elevates HIF-1a, lipid peroxidation, peroxynitrite level in ischemic vessels while ranolazine administration partially attenuates ischemia driven HIF-1a expression. Endothelial cell incubated on ischemic blood vessels elucidated a higher level of HIF-1a expression with time while ranolazine treatment reduced HIF-1a in ischemic cells. Incubation of caprine heart strip on chick embryo ischemia model depicted an elevated creatine phospho kinase-MB activity under ischemic condition while histology of the treated heart sections evoked edema and disruption of myofibril structures. Conclusions/Significance: The present study concluded that chick embryo partial ischemia model can be used as a novel ex vivo model of ischemia. Therefore, the present model can be used parallel with the known in vivo ischemia models in understanding the mechanistic insight of ischemia development and in evaluating the activity of anti-ischemic drug.status: publishe

Cervical lymph node metastasis in high-grade transformation of head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma: a collective international review

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is among the most common malignant tumors of the salivary glands. It is characterized by a prolonged clinical course, with frequent local recurrences, late onset of metastases and fatal outcome. High-grade transformation (HGT) is an uncommon phenomenon among salivary carcinomas and is associated with increased tumor aggressiveness. In AdCC with high-grade transformation (AdCC-HGT), the clinical course deviates from the natural history of AdCC. It tends to be accelerated, with a high propensity for lymph node metastasis. In order to shed light on this rare event and, in particular, on treatment implications, we undertook this review: searching for all published cases of AdCC-HGT. We conclude that it is mandatory to perform elective neck dissection in patients with AdCC-HGT, due to the high risk of lymph node metastases associated with transformation

The development and validation of a scoring tool to predict the operative duration of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background: The ability to accurately predict operative duration has the potential to optimise theatre efficiency and utilisation, thus reducing costs and increasing staff and patient satisfaction. With laparoscopic cholecystectomy being one of the most commonly performed procedures worldwide, a tool to predict operative duration could be extremely beneficial to healthcare organisations. Methods: Data collected from the CholeS study on patients undergoing cholecystectomy in UK and Irish hospitals between 04/2014 and 05/2014 were used to study operative duration. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was produced in order to identify significant independent predictors of long (> 90 min) operations. The resulting model was converted to a risk score, which was subsequently validated on second cohort of patients using ROC curves. Results: After exclusions, data were available for 7227 patients in the derivation (CholeS) cohort. The median operative duration was 60 min (interquartile range 45–85), with 17.7% of operations lasting longer than 90 min. Ten factors were found to be significant independent predictors of operative durations > 90 min, including ASA, age, previous surgical admissions, BMI, gallbladder wall thickness and CBD diameter. A risk score was then produced from these factors, and applied to a cohort of 2405 patients from a tertiary centre for external validation. This returned an area under the ROC curve of 0.708 (SE = 0.013, p  90 min increasing more than eightfold from 5.1 to 41.8% in the extremes of the score. Conclusion: The scoring tool produced in this study was found to be significantly predictive of long operative durations on validation in an external cohort. As such, the tool may have the potential to enable organisations to better organise theatre lists and deliver greater efficiencies in care