Natural Occurrence of Neoplastic Lesions in Young Sprague-Dawley Rats

It is important for the assessment of toxicological effects of chemicals to know what kinds of neoplasms naturally occur in the early life of experimental animals. In the present study, we demonstrated spontaneous neoplasms in Sprague-Dawley rats used in 4-, 13- and 26-week toxicity studies conducted at Bozo Research Center in the last decade. The tumors, which were first observed in 19-week-old animals, included anterior adenoma of the pituitary, follicular cell adenocarcinoma and C cell adenoma of the thyroids, nephroblastoma of the kidneys, basal cell tumor of the skin and malignant lymphoma. Thereafter, hemangiosarcoma of the tongue, adenocarcinoma of the submandibular glands, histiocytic sarcoma of the spleen, oligodendroglioma of the brain and adenocarcinoma and fibroadenoma of the mammary glands were detected in 32-week-old animals. The incidences of mammary adenocarcinoma and pituitary anterior adenoma were higher than those of other tumors. The present results showed that the same tumors as reported in aged rats could also develop in younger rats

\u3ci\u3eGyrodactylus eucaliae\u3c/i\u3e n. sp. (Trematoda: Monogenea) from the Brook Stickleback, \u3ci\u3eEucalia inconstans\u3c/i\u3e*

A new species of Gyrodactylus was observed on the skin, gills, and fins of the brook stickleback from the English Coulee, Grand Forks, North Dakota during the summers of 1953-1955. Host-specificity is usually striking in the monogenetic trematodes and since this parasite was not observed on any other species of fish from this body of water or the nearby Turtle River, it was studied in detail and is here described as a new species, G. eucaliae

2-(Chloro­meth­yl)benzimidazolium chloride

The structure of title compound, C8H8ClN2 +·Cl−, comprises discrete ions which are inter­connected by N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, leading to a neutral one-dimensional network in [001]. This hydrogen bonding appears to complement π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid–centroid distances 3.768 (2) and 3.551 (2) Å] and helps to stabilize the structure further

Perceptions towards Special Education of Japanese Parents of Children with Special Needs in the United States

The purpose of this study was to examine Japanese parents of children with disabilities’ perceptions towards special education in the United States. This study included 40 participants who were born and raised in Japan and they are now living in the United States. The results revealed that most Japanese parents still maintained some negative perceptions towards special education from its history of labeling individuals with disabilities as “abnormal” in Japanese culture. Moreover, a majority of participants agreed that America’s special education was more focused on each individual’s needs and promoted independence whereas Japanese ideas of special education was mainly focused on how to segregate individuals with disabilities from other people or society. Regardless of the language and cultural differences, most participants preferred American service providers who were familiar with special education systems in the U.S. Nevertheless, a significant number of participants claimed that the language barrier and difference in cultures and customs were one of the major disadvantages of receiving services from American professionals

人的サービスの質の規定要因と利用者属性による知覚評価

関西学院大

Advanced Taste Sensors Based on Artificial Lipids with Global Selectivity to Basic Taste Qualities and High Correlation to Sensory Scores

Effective R&D and strict quality control of a broad range of foods, beverages, and pharmaceutical products require objective taste evaluation. Advanced taste sensors using artificial-lipid membranes have been developed based on concepts of global selectivity and high correlation with human sensory score. These sensors respond similarly to similar basic tastes, which they quantify with high correlations to sensory score. Using these unique properties, these sensors can quantify the basic tastes of saltiness, sourness, bitterness, umami, astringency and richness without multivariate analysis or artificial neural networks. This review describes all aspects of these taste sensors based on artificial lipid, ranging from the response principle and optimal design methods to applications in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical markets

ミオシン6 ノ 2ツ ノ セイリテキ キノウ ハツゲン ノ タメ ノ ブンシ キコウ

This is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in small. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms, may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in small, VOLUME 8, ISSUE 19, 2012-07-09, DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200765

Meta-Analyses of Microarrays of Arabidopsis asymmetric leaves1 (as1), as2 and Their Modifying Mutants Reveal a Critical Role for the ETT Pathway in Stabilization of Adaxial-Abaxial Patterning and Cell Division During Leaf Development

It is necessary to use algorithms to analyze gene expression data from DNA microarrays, such as in clustering and machine learning. Previously, we developed the knowledge-based fuzzy adaptive resonance theory (KB-FuzzyART), a clustering algorithm suitable for analyzing gene expression data, to find clues for identifying gene networks. Leaf primordia form around the shoot apical meristem (SAM), which consists of indeterminate stem cells. Upon initiation of leaf development, adaxial-abaxial patterning is crucial for lateral expansion, via cellular proliferation, and the formation of flat symmetric leaves. Many regulatory genes that specify such patterning have been identified. Analysis by the KB-FuzzyART and subsequent molecular and genetic analyses previously showed that ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (AS1) and AS2 repress the expression of some abaxial-determinant genes, such as AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 (ARF3)/ETTIN (ETT) and ARF4, which are responsible for defects in leaf adaxial-abaxial polarity in as1 and as2. In the present study, genetic analysis revealed that ARF3/ETT and ARF4 were regulated by modifier genes, BOBBER1 (BOB1) and ELONGATA3 (ELO3), together with AS1-AS2. We analyzed expression arrays with as2 elo3 and as2 bob1, and extracted genes downstream of ARF3/ETT by using KB-FuzzyART and molecular analyses. The results showed that expression of Kip-related protein (KRP) (for inhibitors of cyclin-dependent protein kinases) and Isopentenyltransferase (IPT) (for biosynthesis of cytokinin) genes were controlled by AS1-AS2 through ARF3/ETT and ARF4 functions, which suggests that the AS1-AS2-ETT pathway plays a critical role in controlling the cell division cycle and the biosynthesis of cytokinin around SAM to stabilize leaf development in Arabidopsis thalian