The gene transformer-2 of Sciara (Diptera, Nematocera) and its effect on Drosophila sexual development

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The gene <it>transformer-2</it>, which is involved in sex determination, has been studied in <it>Drosophila, Musca</it>, <it>Ceratitis</it>, <it>Anastrepha </it>and <it>Lucilia</it>. All these members of Diptera belong to the suborder Brachycera. In this work, it is reported the isolation and characterisation of genes <it>transformer-2 </it>of the dipterans <it>Sciara ocellaris </it>and <it>Bradysia coprophila </it>(formerly <it>Sciara coprophila</it>), which belong to the much less extensively analysed <it>Sciaridae </it>Family of the Suborder Nematocera, which is paraphyletic with respect to Suborder Brachycera.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The <it>transformer-2 </it>genes of the studied <it>Sciara </it>species were found to be transcribed in both sexes during development and adult life, in both the soma and germ lines. They produced a single primary transcript, which follows the same alternative splicing in both sexes, giving rise to different mRNAs isoforms. In <it>S. ocellaris </it>the most abundant mRNA isoform encoded a full-length protein of 251 amino acids, while that of <it>B. coprophila </it>encoded a protein of 246 amino acids. Both showed the features of the SR protein family. The less significant mRNA isoforms of both species encoded truncated, presumably non-functional Transformer-2 proteins. The comparison of the functional <it>Sciara </it>Transformer-2 proteins among themselves and those of other insects revealed the greatest degree of conservation in the RRM domain and linker region. In contrast, the RS1 and RS2 domains showed extensive variation with respect to their number of amino acids and their arginine-serine (RS) dipeptide content. The expression of <it>S. ocellaris </it>Transformer-2 protein in <it>Drosophila </it>XX pseudomales lacking the endogenous <it>transformer-2 </it>function caused their partial feminisation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The <it>transformer-2 </it>genes of both <it>Sciaridae </it>species encode a single protein in both sexes that shares the characteristics of the Transformer-2 proteins of other insects. These proteins showed conserved sex-determination function in <it>Drosophila</it>; i.e., they were able to form a complex with the endogenous <it>Drosophila </it>Transformer protein that controls the female-specific splicing of the <it>Drosophila doublesex </it>pre-mRNA. However, it appears that the complex formed between the <it>Drosophila </it>Transformer protein and the <it>Sciara </it>Transformer-2 protein is less effective at inducing the female-specific splicing of the endogenous <it>Drosophila doublesex </it>pre-mRNA than the <it>Drosophila</it>Transformer-Transformer2 complex. This suggests the existence of species-specific co-evolution of the Transformer and Transformer-2 proteins.</p

Ledscript

El proyecto LEDSCRIPT se creó con la idea de diseñar un hardware que pudiera ser controlado mediante un dispositivo móvil que supliera unas necesidades concretas para facilitar y mejorar la funcionalidad de nuestro hardware. Se valoraron diversas ideas, pero finalmente recibimos una propuesta desde la facultad de Bellas Artes en el que nos propusieron realizar un hardware que realizara una serie de funcionalidades que pudieran aplicar a un tipo de arte en concreto. No obstante debido a los cortos límites de tiempo y la falta de comunicación, así como la limitación por parte del hardware, este proyecto no pudo ser realizado. A través de esta idea y adaptándolo a unas necesidades más genéricas surgió la idea final de nuestro proyecto LEDSCRIPT. Para llegar a nuestra meta de realizar nuestro proyecto y debido a que no se disponía de ninguna experiencia en la producción de hardware, se opto por realizar una fase previa de prototipado que aportaría la experiencia necesaria para la construcción del hardware final y facilitar la posterior codificación del software de la que también se realizaría una secuencia de demostración. Una vez diseñado el hardware se paso a la producción del prototipo con el que se observaron las posibles deficiencias y se solventaron. Para más adelante facilitar la producción de del hardware definitivo. Por todo ello la producción del hardware definitivo fue relativamente rápido pues ya se poseía cierta experiencia en la construcción. No obstante debido a la gran amplitud del proyecto y a la multitud de ámbitos que abarca no ha sido posible completar totalmente la consecución del mismo, que en un futuro próximo se concluirá.Orte Ruiz, I. (2013). Ledscript. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/32677.Archivo delegad

La determinación de la filiación en los nuevos modelos de familia, en especial en las familias homoparentales

[ES]Un análisis de las posibilidades de tener descendencia de las familias homoparentales, para ello se resume como la orientación sexual se ha utilizado como elemento discriminatorio, la evolución de su aceptación y la jurisprudencia relativa a la misma, posteriormente como el matrimonio homosexual se ha legalizado en el ámbito europeo. una vez establecidas esas bases se analizan los tres modos que existen (hoy en día) para la formación de una familia homoparental: adopción homoparental, adopción internacional y gestación subrogada.[EU]Familia homoparentalen seme-alabak izateko aukeren azterketa bat. Horretarako, honela laburbiltzen da: sexuorientazioa elementu diskriminatzaile gisa erabili da, haren onarpenaren bilakaera eta horri buruzko jurisprudentzia, gero ezkontza homosexuala Europako eremuan legeztatu da. Oinarri horiek ezarri ondoren, familia homoparentala osatzeko dauden hiru moduak (gaur egun) aztertzen dira: adopzio homoparentala, nazioarteko adopzioa eta haurdunaldi subrogatua.[EN]An analysis of the possibilities of homoparental families to have offspring, summarizing how sexual orientation has been used as a discriminatory element, the evolution of its acceptance and the jurisprudence related to it, then how homosexual marriage has been legalized at the European level. once these bases have been established, the three ways that exist (the three ways that currently exist) for the formation of a homoparental family are analyzed: homoparental adoption, international adoption and surrogacy

Propiedades psicométricas de un nuevo cuestionario para la medida del autoconcepto físico

Se venía echando en falta, tanto en el ámbito deportivo como en el educativo, un instrumento en lengua castellana que midiese específicamente el autoconcepto físico. En este trabajo se presenta un Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Físico (CAF), de nueva creación, cuyas propiedades psicométricas le hacen adecuado para su aplicación a partir de la preadolescencia.Both in the field of sports and in education, an instrument in Spanish specifically measuring the physical self-concept was lacking. In this research a Physical Self-concept Questionnaire (CAF) is presented, a newly created one, whose psychometrical properties make it suitable for its application from pre-adolescence

Las Órdenes Monárquicas del siglo XIV: La caballería al servicio de la monarquía.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el desarrollo de las instituciones de las ordenes de caballería monárquicas en el siglo XIV partiendo de la evolución e innovaciones introducidas en las más importantes de la Europa occidental: la Banda castellana, la Jarretera inglesa, la Estrella francesa y las ordenes napolitanas del Nudo y el Barco. Veremos la creación y evolución del concepto y trataremos de explicar su rápida decadencia y transformación en emblemas honoríficos dentro del sistema aristocrático y diplomático del continente.<br /

Links Between Data On Chemical And Biological Quality Parameters In Wastewater-Impacted River Sediment And Water Samples

In many urban catchments, the discharge of effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), as well as untreated wastewaters (UWWs), presents a major challenge for the maintenance of river sediment and water quality. The discharge of these effluents cannot only increase the concentration of metals, nutrients and organic compounds in fluvial ecosystems, but also alter the abundance, structure and function of river bacterial communities. Here, we present data on chemical and biological quality parameters in wastewater-impacted and non-impacted river surface sediment and water samples. Overall, the concentration of nutrients (inorganic nitrogen) and some heavy metals (Zn, Ni and Cr) was positively correlated with the nirS/16S rRNA ratio, while nirK- and nosZ-denitrifier populations were negatively affected by the presence of ammonium in sediments. Bacterial community structure was significantly correlated with the (i) combined influence of nutrient and metal concentrations, (ii) the contamination level (non-impacted vs. impacted sites), (iii) type of contamination (WWTP or UWW), and (iv) location of the sampling sites. Moreover, the higher abundance of five genera of the family Rhodocyclaceae detected in wastewater-impacted sites is also likely to be an effect of effluent discharge. The data presented here complement a broader study (Martinez-Santos et al., 2018) [1] and they are particularly useful for those interested in understanding the impact of wastewater effluents on the abundance, structure and function of river bacterial communities involved in nitrogen cycling

Meta-Analysis of the Embryo Freezing Transfer Interval

Background The decision of whether frozen embryo transfer (FET) should be performed in the cycle immediately after OPU or at least one cycle later is controversial. FET could improve pregnancy rates in IVF; however, how much time is needed for the endometrium to return to optimal receptivity after ovarian stimulation is not known. Methods Electronic search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify studies providing data on the influence of the interval between embryo freezing (or OPU) and FET in FET cycles published between January 1, 2007, and February 1, 2020. Main findings Data analyzed indicated that in the immediate FET cycles, there was a trend to an increased biochemical pregnancy rate (RR = 1.08; CI = 1.00-1.18), whereas the clinical pregnancy rate was somewhat higher, but without reaching statistical significance (RR = 1.07; CI = 0.99-1.15). The live birth rate was similar in the two groups (RR = 1.05; CI = 0.95-1.15), as was the implantation rate (RR = 0.98; CI = 0.83-1.16). Stratifying by embryo stage or FET type (freeze-all or FET after failed fresh transfer) showed no differences. Conclusion Systematically delaying FET does not offer benefits to IVF outcomes. In addition, immediate transfer is associated with a nonsignificant trend to better clinical pregnancy rate and it also avoids the psychological effects of prolonging the stress on prospective parents

Context Management in Mobile Environments: a Semantic Approach

This paper presents a first draft of a context management model and architecture in the scope of mobile end-user services, paying special attention to mobile scenarios and specific mobility environments. The paper describes our notion of context and presents the process followed for developing the ontologies for representing context, providing an overview of the first version of these ontologies. Besides, we propose an architecture for managing context in mobile environments, including high-level descriptions of the components that compose it, as well as some low level details regarding the contextual interfaces involved. To show the way all these components interoperate and the advantages of the defined architecture and semantic model, we describe a use case with specific implementation detail