Deterioro cognitivo asociado al virus de inmunodeficencia humana (VIH) e inhubidores de proteasa potenciados con ritonavir en monoterapia

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universida Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina. Fecha de lectura: junio-2016Introducción Se desconoce si el tratamiento con inhibidores de proteasa potenciados (IP) en monoterapia (MT) es capaz de preservar la función neurocognitiva de los pacientes VIH+. Métodos Estudio longitudinal diseñando para evaluar la función neurocognitiva en pacientes VIH+ avirémicos y sin comorbilidades neuropsiquiátricas graves, tratados con un IP en MT o asociado a 2 nucleósidos (TT). A todos los pacientes se les realizó, basalmente y al año de seguimiento, una evaluación neurocognitiva (14 tests, 7 dominios) y un control analítico en sangre y en el liquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR), si presentaban deterioro neurocognitivo (DNC). Se compararon entre la MT y la TT: la prevalencia, la incidencia y el perfil del DNC; así como los niveles de inflamación y de carga viral de VIH en LCR. Igualmente se evaluó mediante por ANCOVA si la MT era factor de riesgo de DNC de forma cruda o ajustada por aquellas covariables que modificaban esta relación >15%. Resultados Basalmente se incluyeron 96 pacientes en MT y 95 en TT. De ellos 67 completaron el protocolo en cada grupo de tratamiento. En comparación, los pacientes en TT eran mas jóvenes, tenían recuentos de linfocitos CD4 (basal y nadir) menores y llevaban menos tiempo infectados por VIH, en tratamiento y suprimidos que los pacientes en MT. Los pacientes en MT y en TT presentaron un funcionamiento basal y una evolución neurocognitiva, global y por dominios cognitivos, similar. Sus tasas de deterioro y de declinar cognitivo fueron igualmente equiparables. Los niveles de carga viral de VIH y de inflamación en el subgrupo de pacientes diagnosticados basalmente de DNC en MT o TT fueron también similares. La MT no demostró ser un factor de riesgo, crudo o ajustado, de DNC. Conclusiones En base a los resultados obtenidos, la evolución del funcionamiento neurocognitivo y el riesgo de deterioro neurocognitivo, en pacientes VIH sin comorbilidades graves, es independiente de que la supresión virológica se mantenga con un IP en MT o asociado con 2 nucleósido

Seroreversion of IgG anti-HEV in HIV cirrhotic patients: A long-term multi-sampling longitudinal study

The aim of our study was to evaluate HEV antibody kinetics in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with cirrhosis. A longitudinal retrospective study was designed. Patients were followed up every 6 months; anti-HEV IgG and IgM antibodies levels and HEV-RNA by qPCR were analysed. The prevalence and incidence of every HEV infection marker were calculated. The kinetics of anti-HEV IgG and IgM during the follow-up were evaluated. Seventy-five patients comprised the study population. The seroprevalence observed was 17.3%. None showed IgM antibodies or HEV-RNA at baseline. None showed detectable HEV viral load during the study period. After a median follow-up of 5.1 years, two of 62 seronegative patients (3.2%) seroconverted to IgG antibody. The incidence for IgM was 2.7%. Of the 13 patients with IgG seropositivity at baseline, five (38.5%) seroreverted. Meanwhile, of the two patients who exhibited IgM positivity during the study, one (50%) showed intermittent positivity. We found that HEV seropositivity is common in HIV/HCV-coinfected cirrhotic patients. A remarkable rate of IgG seroreversions and IgM intermittence was found, limiting the use of antibodies for the diagnosis of HEV infection in this population

Agrupación de ranuras alimentadas por una novedosa guía semi-modo en Gap Waveguide

Comunicación presentada en el XXXVII Simposio Nacional de la URSI, Málaga, 5-7 septiembre 2022.This paper presents a novel antenna feed network that significantly facilitates the design and fabrication in Gap Waveguide technology. In particular, a 1x4 linearly polarized Ka-band antenna array with a novel corporate distribution network using a half-mode groove-gap waveguide (HM-GGW). The good simulated results obtained from 29 GHz to 31 GHz by this breadboard give the first validity to this new development for GW.Este trabajo forma parte de los proyectos PID2019-107688RB-C22 y PID2019-103982RB-C43 financiados por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033

Innovative compounds to battle multirresistance to antibiotics: use of pva-tannic acid nano- particles to inhibit staphylococcus pseudintermedius growth

Antibiotic resistance is an increasing public health problem that affects to numerous pathogens, including Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, which has a high prevalence of methicillin resistance and can be transmitted to humans. The development of new compounds to prevent the appearance of antibiotic resistances and find alternatives to classic therapies is essential to health protection. The main objective of the present study is to determine whether the nanoparticles of polyvinyl alcohol and tannic acid “PVA-TA NPs” are effective to inhibit Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and can be considered as an alternative therapy. The study includes increasing concentration essays of the nanoparticles and establishes, using the determination of turbidity by refractometry that could be a useful tool to inhibit bacterial growth, resulting successful. Nonetheless, further studies to identify the underlying action mechanisms of these nano-particles are going on in our group

Looking for new compounds to battle antibiotic resistance: optimization of organic solvents

A high number of pathogens have shown the capacity of resist to the action of antibiotics. This fact presents a very important problem to public health and highlights the necessity of looking for new substances as alternative to antibiotics. Since some of these substances have a hydrophobic nature they need to be solved in organic solvents. Some of these solvents are also toxic to bacteria, mainly affecting membranes. For these reasons it is necessary to perform a study of the toxicity of organic solvents to bacteria, which has been the aim of this work. Five organic solvents, DMF (dimethylformamide), TBME (tert-butyl methyl ether), THF (tetrahydrofuran), DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) and CH2Cl2 (dichloromethane), have been tested, using two of the most prevalent pathogens (Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,) both in animals and humans. The results show that, when possible, DMSO followed by TBME are the best options for testing new compounds in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, whether DMF followed by TBME are the preferred solvents for testing hydrophobic compounds in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Una Experiencia de unificación de asignaturas para desplegar PBL (y las quejas que originó)

En esta ponencia se describen los aspectos esenciales de una experiencia de unificación de parejas de asignaturas con el objetivo de crear un escenario más adecuado para el despliegue de Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos. Como guía para el repaso de esos aspectos esenciales se utiliza una carta que elaboraron los estudiantes de la primera edición para protestar por el funcionamiento de las asignaturas. El análisis de las quejas de los estudiantes puede ser de mucha utilidad para otros que se planeen retos similares.SUMMARY -- This paper describes the key aspects of an experience of unification of pairs of subjects in order to create a more suitable scenario for deployment of Project Based Learning. To guide the review of these essential aspects we use a letter that students from the first edition wrote to protest against the organization of the subjects. The analysis of the complaints of the students can be very helpful for others who are planning similar innovations

Wind kinetic energy climatology and effective resolution for the ERA5 reanalysis

Producción CientíficaERA5 represents the state of the art for atmospheric reanalyses and is widely used in meteorological and climatological research. In this work, this dataset is evaluated using the wind kinetic energy spectrum. Seasonal climatologies are generated for 30° latitudinal bands in the Northern Hemisphere (periodic domain) and over the North Atlantic area (limited-area domain). The spectra are also assessed to determine the effective resolution of the reanalysis. The results present notable differences between the latitudinal domains, indicating that ERA5 is properly capturing the synoptic conditions. The seasonal variability is adequate too, being winter the most energetic, and summer the least energetic season. The limited area domain results introduce a larger energy density and range. Despite the good results for the synoptic scales, the reanalysis’ spectra are not able to properly reproduce the dissipation rates at mesoscale. This is a source of uncertainties which needs to be taken into account when using the dataset. Finally, a cyclone tropical transition is presented as a case study. The spectrum generated shows a clear difference in energy density at every wavelength, as expected for a highly-energetic status of the atmosphere.Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital y Universidad Complutense de Madrid (projects: (PID2019-105306RB-I00 (IBER - CANES), CGL2016-78702 (SAFEFLIGHT), PCIN-2016-080 and FEI-EU-17-16)Publicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCL

Assessing the Biofortification of Wheat Plants by Combining a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium (PGPR) and Polymeric Fe-Nanoparticles: Allies or Enemies?

Biofortification has been widely used to increase mineral nutrients in staple foods, such as wheat (Triticum aestivum). In this study, a new approach has been used by analyzing the effect of inoculation with a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR), namely, Bacillus aryabhattai RSO25 and the addition of 1% (v/v) of organometallic Fe-containing polymeric nanoparticles (FeNPs) alone and in combination. Previously, the minimal inhibitory concentration of FeNPs for the bacterium was determined in order not to inhibit bacterial growth. All treatments had minor effects on seed germination and plant survival. Considering the physiology of plants, several photosynthetic parameters were significantly improved in individual treatments with FeNPs or the bacterium, particularly the efficiency of the photosystem II and the electron transport rate, which is indicative of a better photosynthetic performance. However, at the end of the experiment, a significant effect on final plant growth was not observed in shoots or in roots. When using FeNPs alone, earlier spike outgrow was observed and the final number of spikes increased by 20%. Concerning biofortification, FeNPs increased the concentration of Fe in spikes by 35%. In fact, the total amount of Fe per plant base rose to 215% with regard to the control. Besides, several side effects, such as increased Ca and decreased Na and Zn in spikes, were observed. Furthermore, the treatment with only bacteria decreased Na and Fe accumulation in grains, indicating its inconvenience. On its side, the combined treatment led to intermediate Fe accumulation in spikes, since an antagonist effect between RSO25 and FeNPs was observed. For this reason, the combined treatment was discouraged. In conclusion, of the three treatments tested, FeNPs alone is recommended for achieving efficient Fe biofortification in wheat.Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain grant PID2019-109371GB-I00Junta de Andalucía (Spain) Project FQM-135University of Seville, Spain PPIT-2020/0000109

Nuevas aportaciones al horizonte del bronce final de La Vital (Gandia, València)

Durante las tareas de seguimiento arqueológico de las obras de construcción del Acceso Sur a Gandia se localizaron diferentes estructuras negativas datadas en el Bronce final ubicadas en el perímetro de protección del yacimiento de La Vital. Las estructuras documentadas corresponden a un lugar de hábitat fechado en estos momentos. En este trabajo presentamos los resultados de dicha actuación, valorándolos en el marco del desarrollo histórico de este periodo en el propio yacimiento y en la costa mediterránea peninsular