Presentación de caso clínico para educación médica adenocarcinoma de colon, en paciente de 21 años con debut de abdomen agudo

Globally Colon Cancer is the third most diagnosed cancer in men and the second in women, and occurs with an incidence of 1.2 million new cases and 608.700 deaths annually according to the World Health Organization (WHO). This work analyzes a case of a 21 years old male patient, who is admitted to the emergency department due to an acute abdomen. He underwent surgery being performed laparoscopically with intraoperative finding of an abdominal mass that is subjected to a histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis obtaining the diagnosis of Colon Adenocarcinoma. The early diagnosis is directly related to life expectancy, so it is crucial the knowledge of this disease and its proper management. The clinical case is presented interactively to achieve greater compression and interest from the reader. The case exhaustively examines the medical history and physical examination performed during hospitalization. Subsequently we review broadly the clinical presentation of the case, based on the initial diagnosis of patients of acute abdomen. A differential diagnosis is made based clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory test, imaging test and management of the patient. Finally, a complete review of Colon Adenocarcinoma is made, which includes: International and local Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Etiology, Screening Method and Clinical Treatment of the patient based on international guides and updated information.A nivel mundial el Cáncer de Colon es el tercer cáncer de mayor incidencia en hombres y el segundo en mujeres, con una incidencia de 1.2 millones de nuevos casos y 608,700 muertes anuales según la World Health Organization (WHO). En este trabajo se analiza el caso de un paciente masculino de 21 años que es ingresado de emergencia por presentar cuadro de abdomen agudo. Es intervenido quirúrgicamente realizándose una laparoscopia diagnostica con hallazgo transoperatorio de una masa abdominal, la cual es sometida a un análisis histopatológico e inmunohistoquímico, llegando al diagnóstico de Adenocarcinoma de Colon. El diagnostico precoz de esta patología está directamente relacionado con la expectativa de vida, por lo que es fundamental su conocimiento y adecuado manejo. El caso clínico es presentado de manera interactiva para lograr una mayor compresión e interés. Se analiza de manera exhaustiva la historia clínica y el examen físico realizados durante la hospitalización del paciente. Posteriormente se revisa de manera general la presentación clínica del caso, en base al diagnóstico inicial del paciente de Abdomen Agudo. Se realiza un diagnóstico diferencial en base a la historia clínica y examen físico, exámenes de laboratorio, imagen y manejo del paciente. Finalmente se realiza una revisión completa sobre Adenocarcinoma de Colon, que incluye: Epidemiología internacional y local, Fisiopatología, Etiología, Método de Screening y el Tratamiento Clínico del paciente en base a guías internacionales e información actualizada

Cyclization and self-assembly of cyclic peptides

Part of the Methods in Molecular Biology book series (MIMB,volume 2371)Cyclic peptides are a fascinating class of molecules that can be programmed to fold or self-assemble into diverse mono- and multidimensional structures with potential applications in biomedicine, nanoelectronics, or catalysis. Herein we describe on-resin procedures to carry out head-to-tail peptide cyclization based on orthogonal protected linear structures. We also present essential characterization tools for obtaining dynamic and structural information, including the visualization cyclic peptide assembly into nanotubes (AFM, TEM) as well as the use of fluorescence microscopy2023-10-0

Impact of the presence of heart disease, cardiovascular medications and cardiac events on outcome in COVID-19

Background: Cardiovascular risk factors and usage of cardiovascular medication are prevalent among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Little is known about the cardiovascular implications of COVID-19. The goal herein, was to evaluate the prognostic impact of having heart disease (HD) and taking cardiovascular medications in a population diagnosed of COVID-19 who required hospitalization. Also, we studied the development of cardiovascular events during hospitalization. Methods: Consecutive patients with definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 made by a positive real time- -polymerase chain reaction of nasopharyngeal swabs who were admitted to the hospital from March 15 to April 14 were included in a retrospective registry. The association of HD with mortality and with mortality or respiratory failure were the primary and secondary objectives, respectively. Results: A total of 859 patients were included in the present analysis. Cardiovascular risk factors were related to death, particularly diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio in the multivariate analysis: 1.810 [1.159– –2.827], p = 0.009). A total of 113 (13.1%) patients had HD. The presence of HD identified a group of patients with higher mortality (35.4% vs. 18.2%, p < 0.001) but HD was not independently related to prognosis; renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, diuretics and beta-blockers did not worsen prognosis. Statins were independently associated with decreased mortality (0.551 [0.329–0.921], p = 0.023). Cardiovascular events during hospitalization identified a group of patients with poor outcome (mortality 31.8% vs. 19.3% without cardiovascular events, p = 0.007). Conclusions: The presence of HD is related to higher mortality. Cardiovascular medications taken before admission are not harmful, statins being protective. The development of cardiovascular events during the course of the disease is related to poor outcome

Material audiovisual para el mural "El Tiempo en Geología" de la Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas

La Geología abarca toda la historia del planeta, por lo que se hace inviable utilizar conceptos temporales de nuestra vida cotidiana. Por ello, se ha realizado un friso para el hall de la Facultad y para presentarlo, se ha realizado un vídeo explicativo del mismo

Molecular bases of nutrient absorption, buffering and fluid fluxes in the midgut of Musca domestica

O intestino dos insetos representa uma interface pouco protegida dos agentes externos. A identificação dos mecanismos moleculares envolvidos nos processos fisiológico-digestivos permite encontrar alvos potenciais para o controle de insetos. As moléculas envolvidas na absorção de nutrientes, tamponamento e geração de fluxos de água no intestino médio do inseto-modelo Musca domestica (Diptera Cyclorrhapha) foram identificadas. Para isso, foi feita uma análise da expressão gênica ao longo do intestino médio, a identificação e anotação de proteínas por bioinformática, a confirmação da localização apical das proteínas por análise proteômica de membranas microvilares purificadas e a determinação do papel de algumas das proteínas através de experimentos in vivo utilizando diferentes dietas, corantes e inibidores. A acidificação da região média é consequência da atividade anidrase carbônica que gera prótons que são bombeados por uma H+ V-ATPase apical acompanhados por cloreto transportado por um simporter K+Cl-. O K+ é recuperado por um canal de K+ e a homeostase dos cátions mantida pela Na+/K+-ATPase basolateral. O bicarbonato é eliminado basolateralmente em troca por cloreto por um antiporter. A acidificação é regulada diretamente por um antiporter Na+/H+ e indiretamente por uma proteína envolvida na homeostase do cobre. O muco protetor da região média é tamponado com bicarbonato gerado por uma anidrase carbônica com âncora de GPI e transportado por um antiporter Na+HCO3-/H+Cl-. O excesso de ácido é eliminado por um antiporter Na+/H+ situado na membrana basolateral. A alcalinização da região posterior ocorre pelo transporte apical de NH3 que sequestra os prótons luminais gerando amônio, junto à remoção de prótons em simporte com aminoácidos e peptídeos. A acidificação intracelular, consequência da entrada de aminoácidos com prótons, é regulada por uma H+ V-ATPase basolateral. A geração de fluxos de água é consequência da atividade conjunta de simporters NKCC e KCC ajudados pelas aquaporinas. A inibição dos simporters com inibidores específicos mostrou que o contrafluxo de água está envolvido na reciclagem da enzima tripsina. Por último, o principal lugar de absorção nutrientes no intestino médio é a região posterior, a exceção do cobre que é absorvido na região média.The gut of insects is a less protected interphase against external agents. The identification of the molecular mechanisms involved in physiological-digestive processes allows one to find potential targets for insect control. The molecules involved in nutrient absorption, buffering and fluid fluxes in the midgut of the insect-model M. domestica (Diptera Cyclorrhapha) were identified. For this, gene expression along the midgut was analyzed; proteins were identified and annotated by bioinformatics; apical localization of proteins was confirmed by proteomics of purified microvillar membranes; the role of proteins was confirmed by in vivo experiments using different diets, dyes and inhibitors. Middle midgut acidification occurs by the action of an apical H+ V-ATPase with protons coming from carbonic anhydrase activity accompanied by chloride transported with potassium by a K+Cl- symporter. Potassium is recovered by a potassium channel, and cation homeostasis maintained by a basolateral Na+/K+-ATPase. Acidification is directly regulated by a Na+/H+ antiporter and indirectly by a copper homeostasis protein. Mucus protecting epithelium is neutralized with bicarbonate generated by a GPI-ancored carbonic anhydrase and transported by a Na+HCO3-/H+Cl- antiporter. Intracellular acidification is avoided by a basolateral Na+/H+ antiporter. Posterior midgut alkalization occurs by the action of an apical ammonia transporter and proton amino acid (and peptide) symporters. Intracellular acid is eliminated by a basolateral H+ V-ATPase. Fluid fluxes are generated by K+Cl- and Na+Cl-Cl- symporters helped by aquaporins. Inhibition of these symporters showed that the countercurrent flux of water allows trypsin recycling. Finally, posterior midgut is the main location of nutrient absorption, except for copper which is absorbed in the middle midgut

Evaluation of acidifying nitrogen fertilizers in avocado trees with iron deficiency symptoms

The control of iron chlorosis by synthetic Fe chelates is costly, and their application can have adverse environmental impacts. We investigated the effectiveness of alternative strategies to prevent Fe chlorosis in avocado based on different acidifying nitrogen fertilizers. The experiment was conducted on a commercial orchard of avocado cv. Hass cultivated in a calcareous soil. The application of (NH4)(2)SO4 was highly effective at reducing the soil pH and, when applied with a nitrification inhibitor, at increasing the leaf chlorophyll concentration in trees. Fertilization with urea was also effective at increasing leaf chlorophyll, but only when applied without a nitrification inhibitor. However, the acidifying effect of urea on the soil was significantly lower than (NH4)(2)SO4. The different N sources also modified the concentration of N-NO3-, N-NH4+ and total N within the leaves, but did not influence the length of the shoots or the leaf gaseous exchange. These results suggest that the fertilization strategy based on (NH4)(2)SO4 + DMPP or urea can be an effective and sustainable alternative to counteract Fe chlorosis symptoms in avocado trees. Our results provide evidence of the effectiveness of agronomic strategies, alternative to synthetic Fe chelates, for preventing Fe deficiency in avocado.Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) of Chile 1113032

El huerto en la escuela : proyecto de trabajo para la creación de un huerto escolar

Proyecto de creación de un huerto escolar como recurso didáctico en el que tienen aplicación práctica los contenidos teóricos desarrollados en el aula, al mismo tiempo que favorece un acercamiento del alumnado al mundo natural. Los objetivos son: poner en contacto al alumnado con el entorno natural y rural; favorecer la integración del alumnado con problemas de conducta; desarrollar la capacidad de observación, descripción y análisis; aprender el uso y manejo de herramientas; hacer un seguimiento del proceso vegetativo de las plantas; y potenciar el trabajo en común. Para el desarrollo de la experiencia se establecen tres grupos que organizan el trabajo bajo la supervisión del profesorado (labores hortícolas, cuidado y mantenimiento de herramientas y economía). Se parte de un trabajo previo centrado en la parcelación, abonado y siembra del terreno destinado a huerto. Una vez preparado, se realizan en él las labores habituales (siembra, riego, poda, recolección, etc.). Además, en el aula se elaboran cuadernillos en los que se recogen los ciclos biológicos de cada planta, estudios comparativos entre los aspectos teóricos y los resultados obtenidos con el trabajo práctico en el huerto, etc. La valoración de la experiencia se considera positiva al servir de refuerzo a las áreas curriculares y permitir la participación esporádica de todos los alumnos del centro.Madrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Consejería de Educación y CulturaMadridMadrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Subdirección General de Formación del Profesorado. CRIF Las Acacias; General Ricardos 179 - 28025 Madrid; Tel. + 34915250893ES