Desarrollo y optimización de nuevas técnicas asociadas a la ultrasonografía endoscópica en el diagnóstico diferencial de los tumores sólidos de páncreas

El diagnóstico diferencial de los tumores pancreáticos es clave para optimizar su manejo. La ultrasonografía endoscópica (USE) está considerada en la actualidad como una de las pruebas de elección en este grupo de pacientes, encontrándose en continuo desarrollo. El objetivo del proyecto (tesis) ha sido evaluar la utilidad de nuevas técnicas asociadas a la USE en el diagnóstico diferencial de los tumores pancreáticos, fundamentalmente asociadas a la biopsia y a la elastografía (técnica que permite analizar el dureza/elasticidad de los tejidos). En la primera parte del proyecto, demostramos como con una modificación en la técnica de recuperación de la muestra obtenida mediante punción aspiración con aguja fina guiada por USE (mediante instilación de suero fisiológico a través de la aguja de punción, depositando la muestra en un frasco con formol al 10%), es posible obtener muestras adecuadas para estudio histológico de tumores sólidos de páncreas. Esta técnica se ha mostrado útil para el diagnóstico de diferentes tipos de tumores pancreáticos, así como para la evaluación de lesiones benignas, todo ello con una elevada eficacia diagnóstica global.Además, la realización de esta técnica de punción guiada por USE permite evaluar los cambios histológicos de la pancreatitis crónica en todas sus fases evolutivas, lo cual puede suponer un importante avance para un mayor conocimiento de la enfermedad. En una segunda parte del estudio demostramos la utilidad de la elastografía cualitativa guiada por USE en el diagnóstico diferencial de los tumores sólidos de páncreas. Objetivamos como ésta técnica aporta patroneselastográficos específicos que apoyan la naturaleza maligna o benigna de los tumores pancreáticos, con una elevada eficacia diagnóstica. Finalmente, en la última parte del trabajo, mostramos como la elastografía cuantitativa guiada por USE es igualmente útil, e incluso más eficaz que la elastografía cualitativa en el diagnóstico diferencial de los tumores sólidos de páncreas.De hecho permite realizar una valoración cuantitativa y objetiva de la elasticidad tisular, lo que indica el carácter maligno o benigno de la lesión pancreática a estudio

Endoscopic ultrasonography: Enhancing diagnostic accuracy

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is an essential technique for the management of several diseases. Over the years, new technologies have been developed because to improve and overcome certain limitations related to EUS guided tissue acquisition. Among these new methods, EUS guided elastography and contrast enhanced EUS has arisen as the most widely recognized and available. We will review in this manuscript the different techniques of elastography and contrast enhancement. Nowadays, there are well establish indications for advance imaging, mainly for supporting the management of pancreatic diseases (diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis and differential diagnosis of solid and cystic pancreatic tumors) and characterization of lymph nodes. However, there are more data on new potential indications for the near futureS

Causes of Mortality and Disease in Rabbits and Hares: A Retrospective Study

P. 1-17In this study we determined the causes of mortality and disease in a total of 325 lagomorphs (rabbits and hares) in northern Spain between 2000 and 2018. Risk factors such as the species, age, sex,time of year and origin were also considered. Clinical signs, gross and histopathological findings and ancillary test results were the basis for the final diagnoses that were reviewed to classify and identify the di erent disorders. A total of 26 di erent conditions were identified. A single cause of death or illness was detected in 267 animals. They were grouped into parasitic conditions (n= 65; 24.34%) represented by encephalitozoonosis, hepatic coccidiosis, hepatoperitoneal cysticercosis, intestinal coccidiosis, parasitic gastritis and cutaneous ectoparasitosis; bacterial diseases (n = 56; 20.97%) including pseudotuberculosis, blue breast, skin abscesses, tularemia, pneumonic pasteurellosis and staphylococcal infections; nutritional and metabolic diseases (n = 48; 17.97%) with epizootic rabbit enteropathy, hepatic steatosis and pregnancy toxemia as prominent diseases; viral infections (n=31; 11.61%) comprising rabbit hemorrhagic disease and myxomatosis and miscellaneous causes (n= 31; 11.61%) where rabbit enteritis complex, renal conditions (nephrosis), heat stroke, and arterial bone metaplasia were included; neoplasms (n = 12; 4.49%) represented by uterine adenocarcinoma, mammary adenocarcinoma, cutaneous fibroma, intestinal lymphoma and hepatic cholangiocarcinoma; toxicoses (n = 11; 4.11%); trauma-related injuries (n = 9; 3.37%) and finally congenital diseases (n = 4; 1.49%). In 58 animals of the study, some of these conditions were presented jointly. We discuss the detection frequency, possible causes or associated factors of the di erent pathologies as well as the importance of the diferent variables considered.S

A heteronuclear ZnGd complex as a potential contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging

The 20th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry session Bioorganic, Medicinal and Natural ProductsA new ligand H3L, with internal compartments for allocating 3d metal ions and external donors to bind 4f ions, was synthesized and completely characterized. Reaction of H3L with zinc(II) and gadolin ium(III) salts allows isolating the heteronuclear complex {[ZnGd(HL)(NO3)(OAc)(CH3OH)](NO3)}∙6H2O (1·6H2O). The ability of 1·6H2O to act as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent was evaluated and this study shows that both the transversal and longitudinal relaxivities are quite high but the T1/T2 ratio of 7.9 indicates that it could have even greater potential as a T2 contrast agen

Bone marrow characterization in COPD: a multi-level network analysis

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow (BM) produces hematopoietic and progenitor cells that contribute to distant organ inflammation and repair. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by defective lung repair. Yet, BM composition has not been previously characterized in COPD patients. METHODS: In this prospective and controlled study, BM was obtained by sternum fine-needle aspiration in 35 COPD patients and 25 healthy controls (10 smokers and 15 never-smokers). BM cell count and immunophenotype were determined by microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively. Circulating inflammatory (C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-8) and repair markers (HGF, IGF, TGF-β, VEGF) were quantified by ELISA. Results were integrated by multi-level network correlation analysis. RESULTS: We found that: (1) there were no major significant pair wise differences between COPD patients and controls in the BM structural characteristics; (2) multi-level network analysis including patients and controls identifies a relation between immunity, repair and lung function not previously described, that remains in the COPD network but is absent in controls; and (3) this novel network identifies eosinophils as a potential mediator relating immunity and repair, particularly in patients with emphysema. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these results suggest that BM is activated in COPD with impaired repair capacity in patients with more emphysema and/or higher circulating eosinophils

A Survey of Mycoviral Infection in Fusarium spp. Isolated from Maize and Sorghum in Argentina Identifies the First Mycovirus from Fusarium verticillioides

Mycoviruses appear to be widespread in Fusarium species worldwide. The aim of this work was to identify mycoviral infections in Fusarium spp., isolated from maize and sorghum grown in Argentina, and to estimate their potential effects on the pathogenicity and toxigenesis of the host fungus towards maize. Mycoviruses were identified in 2 out of 105 isolates analyzed; Fusarium verticillioides strain Sec505 and Fusarium andiyazi strain 162. They were characterized as members of the genus Mitovirus by high-throughput sequencing and sequence analysis. The F. verticillioides mitovirus was a novel mycovirus whereas the F. andiyazi mitovirus was found to be a new strain of a previously identified mitovirus. We have named these mitoviruses, Fusarium verticillioides mitovirus 1 (FvMV1) and Fusarium andiyazi mitovirus 1 strain 162 (FaMV1-162). To our knowledge, FvMV1 is the first mycovirus reported as naturally infecting F. verticillioides, the major causal agent of ear rot and fumonisin producer in corn. Both mitoviruses exhibited 100% vertical transmission rate to microconidia. The Fa162 strain infected with FaMV1-162 did not show phenotypic alterations. In contract, F. verticillioides Sec505 infected with FvMV1 showed increased virulence as well as microconidia and fumonisin-B1 production, compared with two uninfected strains. These results suggest that FvMV1 could have a role in modulating F. verticillioides pathogenicity and toxin production worth further exploring.EEA PergaminoFil: Jacquat, Andrés Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Theumer, Martín Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas . Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Cañizares, María Carmen. Universidad de Málaga. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM — UMA — CSIC). Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”; EspañaFil: Debat, Humberto Julio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Iglesias, Juliana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Departamento de Maíz; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Escuela de Agrarias, Naturales y Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: García Pedrajas, María Dolores. Universidad de Málaga. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM - UMA - CSIC). Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”; EspañaFil: Dambolena, José Sebastián. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentin

Evaluación de la incidencia de enfermedades criptogámicas foliares en cereales de invierno y primavera en España. Periodo 1993-1996

This work presents the analytical results for the evaluation of fungal foliar pathogens in cereal crops (wheat, triticale and barley) for three consecutive campaigns: 1993-94, 1994-95 and 1995-96. In the first season 154 varieties were evaluated. During the second year 145 varieties were evaluated and in 1995-1996 161 varieties were evaluated and the observations were extended to 9 cultivars of oats. The varieties were grown in eight provinces were cereals is the main agricultural crop. The results showed that the most important pathogens were: Septoria tritici, Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici and Pyrenophora teres on soft wheat (spring and winter), durum wheat and triticale. The presence of yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) was very lightly. On Barley (spring and summer), Pyrenophora teres, Rhynchosporium secalis and Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei were detected. And on oats varieties Puccinia coronata (crowned rust) was the most frequently isolated. Differences between varieties for resistance to any of the pathogens could not be settle.El trabajo presenta los resultados de evaluar las micosis foliares de los cereales durante tres campañas de cultivo consecutivas: 1993-94; 1994-95 y 1995-96. En la campaña 1993-1994 fueron evaluadas 154 variedades de trigo, triticale y cebada. Durante 1994-1995 se valoraron 145 variedades. En 1995-1996 fueron 161 las prospectadas y se ampliaron las observaciones a 9 cultivares de avena. Las variedades estuvieron cultivadas en ocho toponimias cerealícolas de España. Los resultados pusieron de manifiesto que las enfermedades más importantes fueron: Septoria tritici, Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici y Pyrenophora teres, en trigo blando o harinero (primavera e invierno), trigo duro y triticale. Muy discreta fue la presencia de la roya amarilla (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici). En cebada (primavera y verano), Pyrenophora teres, Rhynchosporium secalis y Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei fueron las especies fúngicas más importantes. Para las variedades de avena fue Puccinia coronata (roya coronada) la enfermedad más frecuente. No pudieron establecerse diferencias entre variedades por su resistencia a alguno de los patógenos encontrados

SEOM clinical guidelines for the treatment of head and neck cancer (2020)

Head and neck cancers (HNC) are defined as malignant tumours located in the upper aerodigestive tract and represents 5% of oncologic cases in adults in Spain. More than 90% of these tumours have squamous histology. In an effort to incorporate evidence obtained since 2017 publication, the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) presents an update of the squamous cell HNC diagnosis and treatment guideline. Most relevant diagnostic and therapeutic changes from the last guideline have been updated: introduction of sentinel node biopsy in early oral/oropharyngeal cancer treated with surgery, concomitant radiotherapy with weekly cisplatin 40 mg/m2 in the adjuvant setting, new approaches for HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer and new treatments with immune-checkpoint inhibitors in recurrent/metastatic disease

Comportamiento de las enfermedades malignas en pacientes del Policlínico Universitario “Raúl Sánchez Rodríguez”

Introducción: el cáncer es una enfermedad provocada por un grupo de células que se multiplican sin control y de manera autónoma, invadiendo localmente y a distancia otros tejidos. En general, tiende a llevar a la muerte a la persona afectada, si no se trata adecuadamente.Objetivo: caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente las enfermedades malignas en pacientes pertenecientes al Policlínico Universitario Raúl Sánchez en el año 2018.Método: se realizó una investigación observacional, descriptiva y transversal, el universo y muestra estuvo constituida por con una población de 105 pacientes con cáncer de diversas localizaciones, se estudiaron variables demográficas; edad, sexo, y color de la piel, además factores de riesgo, la localización y las metástasis que podían desarrollar. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos como el porcentual y cálculo de la media.Resultados: predominaron los pacientes del sexo femenino, siendo más común en individuos de color de piel negra, el cáncer de mama fue el más frecuente, la dieta rica en grasa, el sedentarismo y los antecedentes patológicos familiares seguidos del hábito de fumar fueron los factores de riesgo que más se identificaron en relación con la enfermedad, siendo los síntomas generales y las metástasis de hígado, cerebro y espinal las que más incidieron.Conclusiones: el cáncer constituye un problema de salud en la comunidad, con mayor incidencia el de mama; se deben realizar acciones en equipo para modificar los factores de riesgos que inciden en su aparición así disminuir la mortalidad por esta causa