Research on toothbrush trees leading to the social, environmental and business ideas / Ibtisam Abdul Wahab, Hannis Fadzillah Mohsin and Ayla Farihah Ibrahim

Salvadora or the toothbrush tree (miswak) originates from Pakistan, India, South Africa and West Asian countries. The fibrous branch is packed in a pen-shaped holder, as an innovative form and marketed internationally. This prophetic and endangered, medicinal plant genus is promoted by the World Health Organization. The extracts are now extensively used in dentistry. The products are manufactured in pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries, as the toothpaste, tooth gel and mouth rinse. In this study, a literature search on Salvadora is conducted. Both miswak articles and products are available online. The journals on Salvadora were systematically reviewed. Here, a parallel update of this natural resource, plus its business and entrepreneurship, are presented. A clinical trial was performed to investigate the effect of mouth wash, extracted from S. persica on dental plaque formation. The antiplaque efficacy of the miswak mouth rinse, in comparison to that of chlorhexidine, was recently published. Meanwhile, the chemistry of S. oleoides was studied. A number of molecules were isolated from various parts of the plant, including the leaves, seeds, stems and roots. They consist of salvadorin; a dimeric dihydroisocoumarin, phytosterols e.g. beta-sitosterol and its glucosides, fatty acids, essential oils, salvadoricine; an indole and the sulfur-containing organic substance, known as salvadoside. Nevertheless, artifacts could be produced, following the alcoholic extraction of Salvadora species. Attempts on the synthesis of analogues of Salvadora alkaloid were also made. It is anticipated that more research could be carried out for the economic benefit of this plant

Giant Bladder stone and rectal prolapse complication in pediatric patient: Case report and literature review

Introduction and importance A giant bladder stone (BS) in the urinary tract system with a rectal prolapse complication is a rare urologic problem; it is even rarer in pediatric patients. In the case of bladder stone formation, a variety of steps result in a variety of stone compositions. This study aims to understand the rare disease course of a one-year-old patient with bladder and urethral stones and a rectal prolapse complication. Case presentation A one-year-old boy presented with an inability to urinate since morning. It was a recurring incident for about a year but never resolved. The patients experienced irregular diarrhea and difficulty eating and drinking. Anal inspection revealed prolapse recti. The laboratory investigation found leukocytosis and anemia with normal blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. Urine tests revealed leukocyturia and hematuria. A plain radiograph of the abdomen showed a round opacity around the pelvic area. Ultrasonography of the abdomen and urinary tract revealed a giant BS and severe bilateral hydronephrosis. Thus, a cystolithotomy procedure was performed, and an additional urethral stone was found. Obtained bladder stones with a size of 30 × 21 × 15mm, with 57 % of uric acid and 33 % of calcium oxalate. A manual reduction of the prolapsed rectum was also performed during surgery. There was no recurrence of the prolapsed rectum after surgery. Clinical discussion BS is very rare in the pediatric population. The development of our case's stone composition starts with pure uric acid, which is later enveloped by calcium oxalate due to its lack of acidic atmosphere. Rectal prolapse occurs due to increased abdominal pressure caused by straining during urination. Conclusion The pathogenesis of BS is multifactorial, with local and systemic factors. Early diagnosis and comprehensive history-taking are essential for BS management decisions. The management of BS depends on its size, composition, and symptoms

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based nanofiber architectures for the removal of heavy metal ions

Environmental heavy metal ions (HMIs) accumulate in living organisms and cause various diseases. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have proven to be promising and effective materials for removing heavy metal ions from contaminated water because of their high porosity, remarkable physical and chemical properties, and high specific surface area. MOFs are self-assembling metal ions or clusters with organic linkers. Metals are used as dowel pins to build two-dimensional or three-dimensional frameworks, and organic linkers serve as carriers. Modern research has mainly focused on designing MOFs-based materials with improved adsorption and separation properties. In this review, for the first time, an in-depth look at the use of MOFs nanofiber materials for HMIs removal applications is provided. This review will focus on the synthesis, properties, and recent advances and provide an understanding of the opportunities and challenges that will arise in the synthesis of future MOFs-nanofiber composites in this area. MOFs decorated on nanofibers possess rapid adsorption kinetics, a high adsorption capacity, excellent selectivity, and good reusability. In addition, the substantial adsorption capacities are mainly due to interactions between the target ions and functional binding groups on the MOFs-nanofiber composites and the highly ordered porous structure

The Khartoum revolving drug fund: an evaluation of sustainability, quality and access

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Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Solvability of a New <i>q</i>-Differential Equation Related to <i>q</i>-Differential Inequality of a Special Type of Analytic Functions

The current study acts on the notion of quantum calculus together with a symmetric differential operator joining a special class of meromorphic multivalent functions in the puncher unit disk. We formulate a quantum symmetric differential operator and employ it to investigate the geometric properties of a class of meromorphic multivalent functions. We illustrate a set of differential inequalities based on the theory of subordination and superordination. In this real case study, we found the analytic solutions of q-differential equations. We indicate that the solutions are given in terms of confluent hypergeometric function of the second type and Laguerre polynomial

Studies on a new K-symbol analytic functions generated by a modified K-symbol Riemann-Liouville fractional calculus

Analytic functions are very helpful in many mathematical and scientific uses, such as complex integration, potential theory, and fluid dynamics, due to their geometric features. Particularly conformal mappings are widely used in physics and engineering because they make it possible to convert complex physical issues into simpler ones with simpler answers. We investigate a novel family of analytic functions in the open unit disk using the K-symbol fractional differential operator type Riemann-Liouville fractional calculus of a complex variable. For the analysis and solution of differential equations containing many fractional orders, it offers a potent mathematical framework. There are ongoing determinations to strengthen the mathematical underpinnings of K-symbol fractional calculus theory and investigate its applications in various fields. • Normalization is presented for the K-symbol fractional differential operator. Geometric properties are offered of the proposed K-symbol fractional differential operator, such as the starlikeness property and hence univalency in the open unit disk. • The formula of the Alexander integral involving the proposed operator is suggested and studied its geometric properties such as convexity. • Examples are illustrated to fit our pure result. Here, the technique is based on the concepts of geometric function theory in the open unit disk, such as the subordination and Jack lemma

Difference formula defined by a new differential symmetric operator for a class of meromorphically multivalent functions

Abstract Symmetric operators have benefited in different fields not only in mathematics but also in other sciences. They appeared in the studies of boundary value problems and spectral theory. In this note, we present a new symmetric differential operator associated with a special class of meromorphically multivalent functions in the punctured unit disk. This study explores some of its geometric properties. We consider a new class of analytic functions employing the suggested symmetric differential operator

Boundedness in the Bloch Space of Symmetric Domain for a Class of Multi-Valent Meromorphic Functions Given by a Fractional Integral

Convolution operators have profited in various areas of science. They are utilized in the investigations of computing techniques. A new convolution operator linked to a specific class of multi-valent meromorphic functions in the punctured unit disk (symmetric domain) is formulated. This analysis uncovers certain properties on the connections as well as the power series. We study a novel class of holomorphic functions concerning the recommended new operator. The second part of the outcome concerns the boundedness of the suggested difference structure given by the proposed operator. We focus on the Bloch space of meromorphic functions in the open unit disk. In this case, we use the spherical derivative. To obtain the maximum value of the polar derivative of the polynomials created by their partial sums, we use their partial sums as applications of the suggested operator