The effect of health education on the knowledge, attitude, and uptake of free Pap smear among female teachers in Birnin‑Kebbi, North‑Western Nigeria

Introduction: The Routine Pap smear test has successfully reduced the incidence of invasive cervical cancer in the presence of a proper structure for its implementation. This study was designed to assess the effect of health education on the knowledge, attitude, and uptake of Pap smear among female teachers.Materials and Methods: It was a quasi‑experimental, controlled study with a pre‑test, post‑test design. A total of 100 respondents were recruited for each of the intervention and control groups, by the multistage sampling technique.Results: The mean knowledge score of cervical cancer was low in both the interventions (25.5% ± 10.5) and control groups (18.9% ± 10.0) at baseline; a significant rise to 57.2% ± 20.7 was recorded after the intervention in the Intervention group (P<0.0001). The baseline mean attitude score was also low in the intervention and control groups (17.1% ± 6.3 and 14.1% ± 6.4, respectively); post intervention there was a significant rise of up to 28.0% ± 12.8 in the Intervention group (P<0.0001). The proportion of respondents with a reported practice of Pap smear was low and similar in both the groups at baseline (1.1 and 4.9% in the intervention and control groups, respectively, P=0.16). Uptake of free Pap smear was poor at the post‑intervention phase in both the groups (P=0.45). Reported reasons for poor uptake included the respondents’ dislike for the test (38.4%) and the belief that the test was not necessary (24.4%). About 20% of the respondents did not have any reason at all.Conclusion: Health education had no significant effect on the uptake of a free Pap smear among teachers. Despite the significant improvement in the attitude toward the test, many respondents did not like the test after than before the intervention. Sociocultural issues such as the gender of the sample collector, and system factors like few service delivery points, and the time required to access the service could have contributed to the poor uptake recorded in this study. A program designed to improve routine cervical cancer screening by Pap smear should therefore address not only the knowledge and cost, but also the sociocultural and systemic factors

The influence of cooking methods on the antioxidant status of Tetrapleura tetrapetra

Africa is blessed with a rich array of local spices such as Tetrapleura tetraptera. The culinary uses of T. tetraptera are many. The seed of Uhiokirihio is majorly used in the preparation of ‘Banga’ (palm fruit) soup, meat pepper soup and other types of soup in the southern part of Nigeria. It is also commonly used in soups of nursing mothers to prevent post-partum contractions. The rich antioxidant activity of this spice has been reported. There is, however, a dearth of information on the effect of different cooking methods on its antioxidant activity. This study, therefore, evaluated the effect of cooking methods on the antioxidant status of the seeds of Tetrapleura tetraptera. The raw seeds of the spice were both toasted and boiled separately for 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes, respectively. The samples were analysed for anti-nutrients, vitamin contents and antioxidant properties. Anti-nutrient evaluation of the ethanolic (80% ethanol) extract revealed that both toasting and boiling time caused significant (p<0.05) variations in all the anti-nutrients studied. Total phenolics increased (p<0.05) from 20.80mg/100g to 28.53mg/100g for toasted samples and from 20.80mg/100g to 30.51mg/100g for boiled samples, respectively. Both cooking methods caused significant reduction in the phytate and tannin levels of the seeds. At the end of the cooking processes, tannin level was reduced by 62.07 % for boiling and 75.68 % for toasting treatment. The cooking methods led to significant reduction in both the vitamin C and β- carotene levels of the samples. Boiling for 20 min caused a 91.98% decrease in vitamin c and a 59.52 % decrease in β-carotene while toasting reduced these nutrients by 86.73 % and 39.88 %, respectively. Antioxidant activity as measured by DPPH scavenging activity and FRAP showed a significant rise with increase in cooking time. The DPPH activity of the toasted samples increased from 22.06μg/ml to 27.64 μg/ml while the boiled samples increased from 22.06μg/ml to 43.26μg/ml. It was observed that boiling led to a greater increase in total phenolics and antioxidant activity than toasting. It could, therefore, be concluded that cooking T. tetraptera seeds would improve its antioxidant properties

Analisis Faktor Penyebab Rendahnya Motivasi Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar selama Pembelajaran Daring

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendiskripsikan tentang faktor penyebab rendahnya motivasi belajar siswa serta faktor penghambat dan pendukung selama pembelajaran daring pada siswa kelas II SD Al Islamiyyah Surabaya. Teknik pengumpulan data, menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif setelah terlebih dahulu direduksi (data reduction), dan diuji keabsahannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi belajar siswa rendah disebabkan oleh faktor internal dan eksternal siswa. Faktor internal siswa meliputi kejenuhan, minat belajar, kesehatan fisik dan mental. Sedangkan faktor eksternal siswa adalah keadaan keluarga, lingkungan di rumah, dan sarana prasarana. Solusinya selama pembelajaran daring ini orang tua harus memberikan pendampingan dalam mengawasi masalah belajar anak, memberikan dukungan untuk belajar dengan baik, serta guru harus bisa menciptakan pembelajaran yang menarik dengan memanfaatkan media dan metode belajar yang tepat. Karena pembelajaran daring merupakan pembelajaran dengan cara yang baru bagi siswa Sekolah Dasa

The Nucleon Electric Dipole Form Factor From Dimension-Six Time-Reversal Violation

We calculate the electric dipole form factor of the nucleon that arises as a low-energy manifestation of time-reversal violation in quark-gluon interactions of effective dimension 6: the quark electric and chromoelectric dipole moments, and the gluon chromoelectric dipole moment. We use the framework of two-flavor chiral perturbation theory to one loop

UTILIZING ZUHD HADITHS FOR UPPER-CLASS CRIME PREVENTION

Crime is becoming more widespread, with varied motives and often involving influential elites. The consequences of crimes committed by these elites are enormous, affecting not only themselves but also their families, institutions, and others. Therefore, addressing the increasing crime committed by influential elites requires efforts focused on prevention rather than just heavy punishment. One potential solution is through a religious approach, particularly by referencing the hadiths of Prophet Muhammad (SAW). Several hadiths teach the concept of Zuhd, which emphasizes avoiding excessive wealth accumulation and enjoying giving and sharing blessings with others. This article aims to present the Prophet’s teachings on leading a humble life and not excessively valuing wealth. The study employed qualitative research methods, including a literature review of relevant library sources. As a result, this article emphasizes that the Prophet taught that the orientation of human life should not solely focus on fulfilling worldly demands but also on having faith in the afterlife. Prophet Muhammad (SAW) exemplified Zuhd in his life, and his example needs to be emulated in the modern world today. Elite individuals who embody Zuhd will be more capable of restraining themselves from committing crimes while fulfilling their duties. This is because the attribute of Zuhd encourages everyone capable of committing a crime to refrain from doing so

Myocardial contractility pattern characterization in radiation-induced cardiotoxicity using magnetic resonance imaging: A pilot study with ContractiX

Radiation therapy (RT) plays an integral role in treating thoracic cancers, despite the risk of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity. We hypothesize that our newly developed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based contractility index (ContractiX) is a sensitive marker for early detection of RT-induced cardiotoxicity in a preclinical rat model of thoracic cancer RT. Adult salt-sensitive rats received image-guided heart RT and were imaged with MRI at 8 weeks and 10 weeks post-RT or sham. The MRI exam included cine and tagging sequences to measure left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), mass, myocardial strain, and ContractiX. Furthermore, ventricular torsion, diastolic strain rate, and mechanical dyssynchrony were measured. Statistical analyses were performed between the sham, 8 weeks post-RT, and 10 weeks post-RT MRI parameters. The results showed that both LVEF and myocardial mass increased post-RT. Peak systolic strain and ContractiX significantly decreased post-RT, with a more relative reduction in ContractiX compared to strain. ContractiX showed an inverse nonlinear relationship with LVEF and continuously decreased with time post-RT. While early diastolic strain rate and mechanical dyssynchrony significantly changed post-RT, ventricular torsion changes were not significant post-RT. In conclusion, ContractiX measured via non-contrast MRI is a sensitive early marker for the detection of subclinical cardiac dysfunction post-RT, and it is superior to other MRI cardiac measures

Efficiency of Polyphenol Extraction from Artificial Honey Using C18 Cartridges and Amberlite„ XAD-2 Resin: A Comparative Study

A comparative study of the extraction efficiency of nine known polyphenols [phenolic acids (benzoic acid, dihydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, and vanillic acid) and flavonoids (naringenin, naringin, quercetin, and rutin)] was conducted by deliberately adding the polyphenols to an artificial honey solution and performing solid phase extraction (SPE). Two SPE methods were compared: one using Amberlite XAD-2 resin and another one using a C18 cartridge. A gradient high performance liquid chromatography system with an RP18 column and photodiode array detector was utilized to analyze the extracted polyphenols. The mean percent of recovery from the C18 cartridges was 74.2%, while that from the Amberlite XAD-2 resin was 43.7%. The recoveries of vanillic acid, naringin, and rutin were excellent (>90%); however, gallic acid was not obtained when C18 cartridges were used. Additionally, the reusability of Amberlite XAD-2 resin was investigated, revealing that the mean recovery of polyphenols decreased from 43.7% (1st extraction) to 29.3% (3rd extraction). It was concluded that although Amberlite XAD-2 resin yielded a higher number of compounds, C18 cartridges gave a better extraction recovery. The lower recovery seen for the Amberlite XAD-2 resin also cannot be compensated by repeated extractions due to the gradual decrease of extraction recovery when reused

PENGARUH SUDUT TEKUK (CANT) WINGLET MENGGUNAKAN AIRFOIL NACA 2215 PADA AERODINAMIKA SAYAP PESAWAT

Flight performance is determined by the lift coefficient (CL) and drag coefficient (CD). CL and CD values are influenced by the geometric shapes of aircraft wings. Air flow through the side of the aircraft causes wingtip vortices. Wingtip vortices add induced drag to the arms of the aircraft, creating reduced aircraft aerodynamic performance. Induced drag is a drag that results from the whirlwind of air flow due to differences in pressure on the surface of an aircraft wing. Previous studies obtained data that the use of winglets on sides with 45 o bending angle can increase the CL / CD ratio by 20.73% when compared to winglets. Winglet bend angle affects fluid flow and CL / CD ratio. The purpose of the study was to analyze the winglet bend angle of the aircraft wing aerodynamic performance. The winglet bending angle variations used were 0o, 30o, 60o, and 91.4o. Analysis of the bending angle on the winglet was done with VLAERO + software. The winglet bend angle is simulated with aircraft attack angles including - 15o, -10o, -5 o, 0o, 5o, 10o, 15o and 20o. The results showed that data for bending edge 91.4o produced CL / CD of 97.452, while wings without winglets only had CL / CD values of 80.701 at 0o attack angle. Winglets with 0o buckling angles reduce CD max at a 20o attack angle by 7.03%. The conclusion of the study informs that the addition of winglets can improve the aerodynamic performance of aircraft wings. Keywords: winglet, VLAERO +, cant angle, lift coefficient, drag coefficient

Guanxi GRX (Ganqing, Renqing, Xinren) and Conflict Management in Sino-US Business Relationships

his paper challenges the existing view of guanxi as comprising one combined notion, and thus proposes to investigate guanxi’s sub-dimensions individually. Developed from Confucius Relationalism, the proposed GRX conflict management framework argues that ganqing (emotional attachment), renqing (reciprocal favour exchange) and xinren (interpersonal trust) have different effects on reducing task and emotional conflict. Empirical findings based on 300 Sino-US business relationships reveal that ganqing and xinren can significantly reduce both emotional and task conflict, whilst renqing does not have a significant effect on reducing either. Nevertheless, upon moderation analysis, the effects of ganqing and renqing in reducing emotional and task conflict become more significant when dealing with the more experienced buyer (with a longer length of employment), whilst xinren’s impact on reducing task conflict is lessened in more mature relationships (those with a longer business relationship duration), compared to less developed business relationships. The findings shed new light to guanxi literature, with evidence highlighting how GRX dimensions may be employed individually to effectively reduce conflict in Sino-US business relationships

Infilling streamflow data using HEC_HMS

A set of quality control streamflow data is always required in the planning, design and management of water resources projects. Although every effort has been made by the authority in the collection of complete and continuous hydrological data such as rainfall and streamflow, gaps and incomplete data sets with inadequate length are always encountered, as is always the case. These can be due to faulty field instruments, the occurrence of natural disasters and other reasons. Over the years, various techniques have been developed to infill the missing data, especially the streamflow data. These techniques include regression analysis ,rainfall runoff modelling and the use of artificial neural networks(ANN) data driven models. In this study, the HEC-HMS model is used to simulate long term daily streamflow of Sg Melaka. The process involved using recorded flow and rainfall data of 1989-1992 to calibrate the model and the model validation using records of 1985-1986. Results show that the model can be used to estimate the flows of Sg Melaka once properly calibrated. This is also shown in the results of flow duration curves. From this study, it can be concluded that missing flows of Sg Melaka can be infilled using the HEC-HMS moel and daily rainfall records in the basin. Streamflow records can be extended if complete rainfall records are available for periods where no streamflow records are available