Historique de la répartition et situation actuelle de l'habitat du lapin de garenne dans les régions de climat méditerranéen.

Le berceau historique de l'origine du lapin de garenne est la péninsule ibérique, principalement à cause de l'homme, il est présent aujourd'hui sur 3 des 5 continents : Europe, Amérique et Australie. Sous les climats de type méditerranéen dans chacune de ces trois régions géographiques l'habitat de l'espèce, présente des caractères à la fois communs, mais aussi des divergences. A partir d'un exemple français, l'auteur fait apparaître la complémentarité des concepts de biotope et d'éléments paysagers pour la prise en compte de l'habitat dans la gestion de l'espèce en région méditerranéenne française

Foraging habitat selection by gull–billed tern (Gelochelidon nilotica) in Central Spain (Castilla–La Mancha)

Foraging habitat selection by gull–billed tern (Gelochelidon nilotica) in Central Spain (Castilla–La Mancha). The gull–billed tern breeds in temporary lakes in Castilla–La Mancha in Central Spain but depends on surrounding land habitats to feed its chicks. It is therefore vital to know the type of environments it selects to capture prey to feed nestlings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of habitats for hunting by adult gull–billed tern. Of 66 lakes monitored between 1996 and 2016, we found the gull–billed tern used 12 for breeding. Each lake was used during this period for 1–14 breeding seasons. We selected circular areas around the three wetlands where the species bred in 2013 and 2014. Within these circles, we sampled a total of 60 random points and recorded 125 gull–billed tern contacts (including between 1 and 39 birds). We estimated the same environmental variables at contact and random points, including land use and the distance to the nearest wetland, the nearest colony and to several types of anthropic uses (paved roads, houses, and cities). To evaluate habitat selection we calculated the Manly selection index for soil use variables, and fitted linear mixed models to evaluate differences in the distance variables. Land uses selected for foraging by the gull–billed tern were mainly cereal crops, whereas vineyards were avoided. The birds foraged on average up to 2 km from the colonies and tended to avoid proximity of towns and paved roads, suggesting that the species is sensitive to human disturbance. Vineyards are the main land use in this region and the intensity is increasing. Our results suggest vineyards should be limited in areas around these wetlands so that gull–billed terns may forage in their preferred sites

Foraging habitat selection by gull–billed tern (Gelochelidon nilotica) in Central Spain (Castilla–La Mancha)

The gull–billed tern breeds in temporary lakes in Castilla–La Mancha in Central Spain but depends on surrounding land habitats to feed its chicks. It is therefore vital to know the type of environments it selects to capture prey to feed nestlings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of habitats for hunting by adult gull–billed tern. Of 66 lakes monitored between 1996 and 2016, we found the gull–billed tern used 12 for breeding. Each lake was used during this period for 1–14 breeding seasons. We selected circular areas around the three wetlands where the species bred in 2013 and 2014. Within these circles, we sampled a total of 60 random points and recorded 125 gull–billed tern contacts (including between 1 and 39 birds). We estimated the same environmental variables at contact and random points, including land use and the distance to the nearest wetland, the nearest colony and to several types of anthropic uses (paved roads, houses, and cities). To evaluate habitat selection we calculated the Manly selection index for soil use variables, and fitted linear mixed models to evaluate differences in the distance variables. Land uses selected for foraging by the gull–billed tern were mainly cereal crops, whereas vineyards were avoided. The birds foraged on average up to 2 km from the colonies and tended to avoid proximity of towns and paved roads, suggesting that the species is sensitive to human disturbance. Vineyards are the main land use in this region and the intensity is increasing. Our results suggest vineyards should be limited in areas around these wetlands so that gull–billed terns may forage in their preferred sites

Can visco-elastic phase separation, macromolecular crowding and colloidal physics explain nuclear organisation?

BACKGROUND: The cell nucleus is highly compartmentalized with well-defined domains, it is not well understood how this nuclear order is maintained. Many scientists are fascinated by the different set of structures observed in the nucleus to attribute functions to them. In order to distinguish functional compartments from non-functional aggregates, I believe is important to investigate the biophysical nature of nuclear organisation. RESULTS: The various nuclear compartments can be divided broadly as chromatin or protein and/or RNA based, and they have very different dynamic properties. The chromatin compartment displays a slow, constrained diffusional motion. On the other hand, the protein/RNA compartment is very dynamic. Physical systems with dynamical asymmetry go to viscoelastic phase separation. This phase separation phenomenon leads to the formation of a long-lived interaction network of slow components (chromatin) scattered within domains rich in fast components (protein/RNA). Moreover, the nucleus is packed with macromolecules in the order of 300 mg/ml. This high concentration of macromolecules produces volume exclusion effects that enhance attractive interactions between macromolecules, known as macromolecular crowding, which favours the formation of compartments. In this paper I hypothesise that nuclear compartmentalization can be explained by viscoelastic phase separation of the dynamically different nuclear components, in combination with macromolecular crowding and the properties of colloidal particles. CONCLUSION: I demonstrate that nuclear structure can satisfy the predictions of this hypothesis. I discuss the functional implications of this phenomenon

Los escarabajos estercoleros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) del Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, Pastaza, Ecuador

The Oglán Alto Protective Forest has an area of 3100 hectares and is dominated by Amazonian lowland and piedmont forests, which harbor great diversity of fauna and flora. However, such diversity has been poorly studied, especially insects. Here we present an inventory of the dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) for this locality. A total of 10,627 individuals, belonging to 17 genera and 65 species, were determined during 18 months of collection, in which 11 different sampling methods were used. This research presents and updated checklist and a photographic guide of the main genera and species of dung beetles identified in the study area.El Bosque Protector Oglán Alto tiene una extensión de 3100 hectáreas y está dominado por bosques de tierras bajas y bosques de piedemonte amazónicos que albergan fauna y flora de gran diversidad; sin embargo, esta ha sido pobremente estudiada, especialmente el grupo de los insectos. Presentamos el inventario de los escarabajos estercoleros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) en esta localidad. Un total de 10,627 individuos pertenecientes a 17 géneros y 65 especies fueron determinados durante 18 meses de recolección en la que se utilizaron 11 técnicas de muestreo. Esta investigación presenta un listado actualizado, acompañado de una guía fotográfica para los principales géneros y especies, la cual servirá para la fácil identificación de este grupo de  escarabajos en la región.

The dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Oglán Alto Protective Forest, Pastaza, Ecuador

El Bosque Protector Oglán Alto tiene una extensión de 3100 hectáreas y está dominado por bosques de tierras bajas y bosques de piedemonte amazónicos que albergan fauna y flora de gran diversidad; sin embargo, esta ha sido pobremente estudiada, especialmente el grupo de los insectos. Presentamos el inventario de los escarabajos estercoleros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) en esta localidad. Un total de 10,627 individuos pertenecientes a 17 géneros y 65 especies fueron determinados durante 18 meses de recolección en la que se utilizaron 11 técnicas de muestreo. Esta investigación presenta un listado actualizado, acompañado de una guía fotográfica para los principales géneros y especies, la cual servirá para la fácil identificación de este grupo de escarabajos en la región.The Oglán Alto Protective Forest has an area of 3100 hectares and is dominated by Amazonian lowland and piedmont forests, which harbor great diversity of fauna and flora. However, such diversity has been poorly studied, especially insects. Here we present an inventory of the dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) for this locality. A total of 10,627 individuals, belonging to 17 genera and 65 species, were determined during 18 months of collection, in which 11 different sampling methods were used. This research presents and updated checklist and a photographic guide of the main genera and species of dung beetles identified in the study area.AECID, proyecto: Consolidación de la Estación Científica Amazónica Juri Juri Kawsay: ligando la investigación y el desarrollo sostenible. Cooperación interuniversitaria e investigación científica entre España e Iberoamérica (BOE 23.07.2007), Código D/7556/07

Induction of the mitochondrial NDUFA4L2 protein by HIF-1α decreases oxygen consumption by inhibiting complex i activity

The fine regulation of mitochondrial function has proved to be an essential metabolic adaptation to fluctuations in oxygen availability. During hypoxia, cells activate an anaerobic switch that favors glycolysis and attenuates the mitochondrial activity. This switch involves the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1 (HIF-1). We have identified a HIF-1 target gene, the mitochondrial NDUFA4L2 (NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex, 4-like 2). Our results, obtained employing NDUFA4L2-silenced cells and NDUFA4L2 knockout murine embryonic fibroblasts, indicate that hypoxia-induced NDUFA4L2 attenuates mitochondrial oxygen consumption involving inhibition of Complex I activity, which limits the intracellular ROS production under low-oxygen conditions. Thus, reducing mitochondrial Complex I activity via NDUFA4L2 appears to be an essential element in the mitochondrial reprogramming induced by HIF-1This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (SAF 2007-06592, SAF2010-14851), Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (SAL 2006/ 0311), Metoxia Project-Health (F2 2009-222741), and Recava Network (RD 06/0014/0031) to M.O.L.; PS09/00101 and CP07/00143 to A.M.-R.; PI060701, PS09/00116, and CP08/00204 to S.C.; BFU2008-03407/BMC to J.A.; SAF2009-08007 to J.A.E.; and CSD2007-00020 to A.M.-R. and J.A.E. The CNIC is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-MICINN and the Pro-CNIC Foundation. We are grateful to Mike Murphy (Mitochondrial Biology Unit, MRC, Cambridge, UK) for the gift of MitoQ. We also thank Stephen Y. Chan and Joseph Loscalzo (Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA) for providing us ISCU expression vector

Transcription factories in the context of the nuclear and genome organization

In the eukaryotic nucleus, genes are transcribed in transcription factories. In the present review, we re-evaluate the models of transcription factories in the light of recent and older data. Based on this analysis, we propose that transcription factories result from the aggregation of RNA polymerase II-containing pre-initiation complexes assembled next to each other in the nuclear space. Such an aggregation can be triggered by the phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II molecules and their interaction with various transcription factors. Individual transcription factories would thus incorporate tissue-specific, co-regulated as well as housekeeping genes based only on their initial proximity to each other in the nuclear space. Targeting genes to be transcribed to protein-dense factories that contain all factors necessary for transcription initiation and elongation through chromatin templates clearly favors a more economical utilization and better recycling of the transcription machinery

RESUMEN PAPPS Infancia y Adolescencia 2020

En este documento de actualización presentamos cuatro temas trascendentes para la infancia y la adolescencia en nuestra actividad de atención primaria: el apoyo a la lactancia materna, la promoción de la actividad física, la prevención de lesiones infantiles por accidente de tráfico y el cribado de depresión mayor. Four important topics about children and adolescents in our Primary Care activity are presented in this update document: support for breastfeeding, promotion of physical activity, prevention of child injuries due to traffic accidents, and screening for major depressio

Effectiveness of habitat management in the recovery of low-density populations of wild rabbit.

Understanding the relationship between spatial patterns of landscape attributes and population presence and abundance is essential for understanding population processes as well as supporting management and conservation strategies. This study evaluates the influence of three factors: environment, habitat management, and season on the presence and abundance of the wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), an important prey species for Mediterranean endangered predator species. To address this issue, we estimated wild rabbit presence and abundance by latrine counting in transects located in 45 plots within a 250×250 m grid from June 2007 until June 2009 in a 1,200 ha hunting area in southern Portugal.We then analyzed how wild rabbit presence and abundance correlatewith the aforementioned factors. Our results showed that the main variable influencing wild rabbit presence and abundance was the distance to the artificial warrens. North and northeast slope directions were negatively related to wild rabbit presence. Conversely, rabbit presence was positively correlated with short distances to ecotone, artificial warrens, and spring. Regarding rabbit abundance, in addition to artificial warrens, soft soils, bushes, and season also had a positive effect. We found that environmental variables, management practices, and season each affect wild rabbit presence and abundance differently at a home range scale in low-density population. Thus, our major recommendations are reducing the distance to artificial warrens and ecotone, ideally to less than 100 m, and promoting habitat quality improvement on slopes with plenty of sun exposure