介護老人福祉施設における医療的ケアを実施する介護職の現状と課題

本研究は、介護老人福祉施設における医療的ケアを実施する介護職の現状と課題を明らかにすることを目的とした。調査方法は、医療的ケアを実施しているＡ圏内の介護老人福祉施設に従事している介護職6名にインタビュー調査を実施した。また、質問内容は、介護職が感じている医療的ケアの実施状況等である。調査結果、44個のコード、14個のサブカテゴリー、4個のカテゴリーを抽出。4個のカテゴリーは、【医療的ケア実施に対する業務負担】【看護職との価値観の相違】【看護職との協働】【施設における医療的ケアの実施に必要な研修内容】であった。介護職は、医療的ケアの手技に対する限界や緊急時対応への不安を感じ、それが【医療的ケア実施に対する業務負担】として現れた。また、医療的ケアにおける【看護職との価値観の相違】を感じていた。しかし、【看護職との協働】が医療的ケア実施における業務負担の軽減に繋がっていることが示唆された

Distinct Osteogenic Potentials of BMP-2 and FGF-2 in Extramedullary and Medullary Microenvironments

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) have been regarded as the major cytokines promoting bone formation, however, several studies have reported unexpected results with failure of bone formation or bone resorption of these growth factors. In this study, BMP-2 and FGF-2 adsorbed into atellocollagen sponges were transplanted into bone defects in the bone marrow-scarce calvaria (extramedullary environment) and bone marrow-abundant femur (medullary environment) for analysis of their in vivo effects not only on osteoblasts, osteoclasts but also on bone marrow cells. The results showed that BMP-2 induced high bone formation in the bone marrow-scarce calvaria, but induced bone resorption in the bone marrow-abundant femurs. On the other hand, FGF-2 showed opposite effects compared to those of BMP-2. Analysis of cellular dynamics revealed numerous osteoblasts and osteoclasts present in the newly-formed bone induced by BMP-2 in calvaria, but none were seen in either control or FGF-2-transplanted groups. On the other hand, in the femur, numerous osteoclasts were observed in the vicinity of the BMP-2 pellet, while a great number of osteoblasts were seen near the FGF-2 pellets or in the control group. Of note, FCM analysis showed that both BMP-2 and FGF-2 administrated in the femur did not significantly affect the hematopoietic cell population, indicating a relatively safe application of the two growth factors. Together, these results indicate that BMP-2 could be suitable for application in extramedullary bone regeneration, whereas FGF-2 could be suitable for application in medullary bone regeneration

介護実習施設と介護福祉士養成施設との連携における現状―介護実習指導者と実習生、介護福祉士養成施設の専任教員との三者間連携の重要性―

本研究の目的は、長崎国際大学（以下、本学とする）において行われた「介護の講演会」において介護福祉士養成施設教員、実習生、介護実習指導者の介護実習における三者の語りをもとに、その連携の現状と課題を明らかにすることである。介護福祉士の養成においては、養成施設の教員と実習施設の介護実習指導者が連携して介護実習を行うことが望ましいとされている。それにより、介護の専門職である介護福祉士としての専門性を獲得することが出来ると考えられており、介護福祉士の養成カリキュラムの中でも特に重要な科目として介護実習が位置付けられている。三者の語りを分析した結果、それぞれの介護実習に対する概念図を作成し、それを踏まえて介護実習における三者の関係性を示す概念図を作成した。結論として、介護福祉士養成校教員と介護実習指導者は、実習生が介護福祉士としての専門性の獲得するために、介護技術や認知症ケアを実践するための思考過程を重要視した指導と連携を行っていると仮説を立てた

The Hayabusa Spacecraft Asteroid Multi-Band Imaging Camera: AMICA

The Hayabusa Spacecraft Asteroid Multiband Imaging Camera (AMICA) has acquired more than 1400 multispectral and high-resolution images of its target asteroid, 25143 Itokawa, since late August 2005. In this paper, we summarize the design and performance of AMICA. In addition, we describe the calibration methods, assumptions, and models, based on measurements. Major calibration steps include corrections for linearity and modeling and subtraction of bias, dark current, read-out smear, and pixel-to-pixel responsivity variations. AMICA v-band data were calibrated to radiance using in-flight stellar observations. The other band data were calibrated to reflectance by comparing them to ground-based observations to avoid the uncertainty of the solar irradiation in those bands. We found that the AMICA signal was linear with respect to the input signal to an accuracy of << 1% when the signal level was < 3800 DN. We verified that the absolute radiance calibration of the AMICA v-band (0.55 micron) was accurate to 4% or less, the accuracy of the disk-integrated spectra with respect to the AMICA v-band was about 1%, and the pixel-to-pixel responsivity (flatfield) variation was 3% or less. The uncertainty in background zero-level was 5 DN. From wide-band observations of star clusters, we found that the AMICA optics have an effective focal length of 120.80 \pm 0.03 mm, yielding a field-of-view (FOV) of 5.83 deg x 5.69 deg. The resulting geometric distortion model was accurate to within a third of a pixel. We demonstrated an image-restoration technique using the point-spread functions of stars, and confirmed that the technique functions well in all loss-less images. An artifact not corrected by this calibration is scattered light associated with bright disks in the FOV.Comment: 107 pages, 22 figures, 9 tables. will appear in Icaru

長崎国際大学子ども食堂における学生主体の取り組みと今後の課題

子ども食堂は、地域で子どもたちの問題を共有する居場所としての意味合いが強い。長崎国際大学においても、2015年から子ども食堂の活動がスタートし、社会福祉学科と地域連携室を中心に活動を進めてきた。大学で子ども食堂を運営していくことは、学生が地域の課題に取り組むことで本人の成長の機会になる教育的な意味がある。そこで本研究では、2018年度の長崎国際大学子ども食堂の学生主体の取り組みを報告し、考察を行った。その結果、学生は、子ども食堂ボランティア活動に対して内的動機を持って参加しており、自発的な動きがみられた。また、学生の活動を後押しするものとしては、勉強会があり、活動の意味や専門性を引き出した。さらに、長崎国際大学子ども食堂の活動は、多職種連携教育の場としての可能性が示唆された

The ASTRO-H X-ray Observatory

The joint JAXA/NASA ASTRO-H mission is the sixth in a series of highly successful X-ray missions initiated by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). ASTRO-H will investigate the physics of the high-energy universe via a suite of four instruments, covering a very wide energy range, from 0.3 keV to 600 keV. These instruments include a high-resolution, high-throughput spectrometer sensitive over 0.3-2 keV with high spectral resolution of Delta E < 7 eV, enabled by a micro-calorimeter array located in the focal plane of thin-foil X-ray optics; hard X-ray imaging spectrometers covering 5-80 keV, located in the focal plane of multilayer-coated, focusing hard X-ray mirrors; a wide-field imaging spectrometer sensitive over 0.4-12 keV, with an X-ray CCD camera in the focal plane of a soft X-ray telescope; and a non-focusing Compton-camera type soft gamma-ray detector, sensitive in the 40-600 keV band. The simultaneous broad bandpass, coupled with high spectral resolution, will enable the pursuit of a wide variety of important science themes.Comment: 22 pages, 17 figures, Proceedings of the SPIE Astronomical Instrumentation "Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

The Quiescent Intracluster Medium in the Core of the Perseus Cluster

Clusters of galaxies are the most massive gravitationally-bound objects in the Universe and are still forming. They are thus important probes of cosmological parameters and a host of astrophysical processes. Knowledge of the dynamics of the pervasive hot gas, which dominates in mass over stars in a cluster, is a crucial missing ingredient. It can enable new insights into mechanical energy injection by the central supermassive black hole and the use of hydrostatic equilibrium for the determination of cluster masses. X-rays from the core of the Perseus cluster are emitted by the 50 million K diffuse hot plasma filling its gravitational potential well. The Active Galactic Nucleus of the central galaxy NGC1275 is pumping jetted energy into the surrounding intracluster medium, creating buoyant bubbles filled with relativistic plasma. These likely induce motions in the intracluster medium and heat the inner gas preventing runaway radiative cooling; a process known as Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback. Here we report on Hitomi X-ray observations of the Perseus cluster core, which reveal a remarkably quiescent atmosphere where the gas has a line-of-sight velocity dispersion of 164+/-10 km/s in a region 30-60 kpc from the central nucleus. A gradient in the line-of-sight velocity of 150+/-70 km/s is found across the 60 kpc image of the cluster core. Turbulent pressure support in the gas is 4% or less of the thermodynamic pressure, with large scale shear at most doubling that estimate. We infer that total cluster masses determined from hydrostatic equilibrium in the central regions need little correction for turbulent pressure.Comment: 31 pages, 11 Figs, published in Nature July

Hitomi (ASTRO-H) X-ray Astronomy Satellite

The Hitomi (ASTRO-H) mission is the sixth Japanese x-ray astronomy satellite developed by a large international collaboration, including Japan, USA, Canada, and Europe. The mission aimed to provide the highest energy resolution ever achieved at E  >  2  keV, using a microcalorimeter instrument, and to cover a wide energy range spanning four decades in energy from soft x-rays to gamma rays. After a successful launch on February 17, 2016, the spacecraft lost its function on March 26, 2016, but the commissioning phase for about a month provided valuable information on the onboard instruments and the spacecraft system, including astrophysical results obtained from first light observations. The paper describes the Hitomi (ASTRO-H) mission, its capabilities, the initial operation, and the instruments/spacecraft performances confirmed during the commissioning operations for about a month