On the influence of Marangoni convection on the stability of liquid bridge interfaces

This paper analyses the influence of the Marangoni flow on the stability of almost cylindrical liquid bridges by using bifurcation techniques. An analytical relation between the different parameters is found that allows the prediction of the variation of the maximum stable length. This variation although is qualitatively “larger” than that due to symmetric effects (f.i. volume variation, solid body rotation), can somehow be compensated with the other effects. By choosing adequately f.i. the disk diameter difference, the shortening in stability due to Marangoni convection can be almost completely cancelle

Functional diversity of chemokines and chemokine receptors in response to viral infection of the central nervous system.

Encounters with neurotropic viruses result in varied outcomes ranging from encephalitis, paralytic poliomyelitis or other serious consequences to relatively benign infection. One of the principal factors that control the outcome of infection is the localized tissue response and subsequent immune response directed against the invading toxic agent. It is the role of the immune system to contain and control the spread of virus infection in the central nervous system (CNS), and paradoxically, this response may also be pathologic. Chemokines are potent proinflammatory molecules whose expression within virally infected tissues is often associated with protection and/or pathology which correlates with migration and accumulation of immune cells. Indeed, studies with a neurotropic murine coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), have provided important insight into the functional roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in participating in various aspects of host defense as well as disease development within the CNS. This chapter will highlight recent discoveries that have provided insight into the diverse biologic roles of chemokines and their receptors in coordinating immune responses following viral infection of the CNS