Interferon- γ receptor-1 gene promoter polymorphisms and susceptibility for brucellosis in Makkah region

Background: Genetic polymorphisms that affect the production levels of certain cytokines and/or their receptors may determine the risk, severity or protection in some infectious diseases like brucellosis.Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of certain known Interferon-γ Receptor-1 (IFN-γ R1) gene promoter polymorphisms and the susceptibility to infection with Brucellosis in Saudi population.Methods: A cases-control association study was conducted in 69 individuals with human brucellosis and 94 healthy individuals. Genotyping of IFN-γ R1 – 56 C>T and IFN-γ R1 – 611 A>G polymorphism in both patients and healthy controls was done by PCR- restriction enzyme length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) and PCR- confronting two primer pairs (PCR-CTPP) methods and were assessed for potential associations with susceptibility for human brucellosis and their mode of penetrance.Results: Interestingly, we have designed a PCR-CTPP system to be used for genotyping of    IFN-γ R1 – 611 A > G polymorphism. The PCR-CTPP is an accurate method for genotyping of SNPs. Moreover, it is time-saving, inexpensive and easy to perform.Conclusion: Both tested polymorphisms, IFN-γ R1 – 56 C>T and IFN-γ R1 -611 A>G polymorphism had no role in genetic susceptibility to human brucellosis in the study population. The PCR-CTPP can be used for genotyping IFN-γ R1 – 611 A > G polymorphism and other types of mutation.Keywords: Brucellosis; susceptibility; IFN-γ R1 gene promoter polymorphisms

Global Maps of Science based on the new Web-of-Science Categories

In August 2011, Thomson Reuters launched version 5 of the Science and Social Science Citation Index in the Web of Science (WoS). Among other things, the 222 ISI Subject Categories (SCs) for these two databases in version 4 of WoS were renamed and extended to 225 WoS Categories (WCs). A new set of 151 Subject Categories (SCs) was added, but at a higher level of aggregation. Since we previously used the ISI SCs as the baseline for a global map in Pajek (Rafols et al., 2010) and brought this facility online (at http://www.leydesdorff.net/overlaytoolkit), we recalibrated this map for the new WC categories using the Journal Citation Reports 2010. In the new installation, the base maps can also be made using VOSviewer (Van Eck & Waltman, 2010).Comment: Scientometrics, in pres

Tensor Networks for Solving Realistic Time-independent Boltzmann Neutron Transport Equation

Tensor network techniques, known for their low-rank approximation ability that breaks the curse of dimensionality, are emerging as a foundation of new mathematical methods for ultra-fast numerical solutions of high-dimensional Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). Here, we present a mixed Tensor Train (TT)/Quantized Tensor Train (QTT) approach for the numerical solution of time-independent Boltzmann Neutron Transport equations (BNTEs) in Cartesian geometry. Discretizing a realistic three-dimensional (3D) BNTE by (i) diamond differencing, (ii) multigroup-in-energy, and (iii) discrete ordinate collocation leads to huge generalized eigenvalue problems that generally require a matrix-free approach and large computer clusters. Starting from this discretization, we construct a TT representation of the PDE fields and discrete operators, followed by a QTT representation of the TT cores and solving the tensorized generalized eigenvalue problem in a fixed-point scheme with tensor network optimization techniques. We validate our approach by applying it to two realistic examples of 3D neutron transport problems, currently solved by the PARallel TIme-dependent SN (PARTISN) solver. We demonstrate that our TT/QTT method, executed on a standard desktop computer, leads to a yottabyte compression of the memory storage, and more than 7500 times speedup with a discrepancy of less than 1e-5 when compared to the PARTISN solution.Comment: 38 pages, 9 figure

Alliance free and alliance cover sets

A \emph{defensive} (\emph{offensive}) $k$-\emph{alliance} in $\Gamma=(V,E)$ is a set $S\subseteq V$ such that every $v$ in $S$ (in the boundary of $S$) has at least $k$ more neighbors in $S$ than it has in $V\setminus S$. A set $X\subseteq V$ is \emph{defensive} (\emph{offensive}) $k$-\emph{alliance free,} if for all defensive (offensive) $k$-alliance $S$, $S\setminus X\neq\emptyset$, i.e., $X$ does not contain any defensive (offensive) $k$-alliance as a subset. A set $Y \subseteq V$ is a \emph{defensive} (\emph{offensive}) $k$-\emph{alliance cover}, if for all defensive (offensive) $k$-alliance $S$, $S\cap Y\neq\emptyset$, i.e., $Y$ contains at least one vertex from each defensive (offensive) $k$-alliance of $\Gamma$. In this paper we show several mathematical properties of defensive (offensive) $k$-alliance free sets and defensive (offensive) $k$-alliance cover sets, including tight bounds on the cardinality of defensive (offensive) $k$-alliance free (cover) sets

Mais-valia nutricional de macroalgas marinhas dos Açores. Determinação do teor de fibra bruta.

IV Congresso da Ordem dos Biólogos e II Congresso dos Biólogos dos Açores (Painel Biologia Marinha e Oceanografia). Ponta Delgada, Açores, 13-15 de Outubro de 2011

Interferon- \u3b3 receptor-1 gene promoter polymorphisms and susceptibility for brucellosis in Makkah region

Background: Genetic polymorphisms that affect the production levels of certain cytokines and/or their receptors may determine the risk, severity or protection in some infectious diseases like brucellosis. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of certain known Interferon-\u3b3 Receptor-1 (IFN-\u3b3 R1) gene promoter polymorphisms and the susceptibility to infection with Brucellosis in Saudi population. Methods: A cases-control association study was conducted in 69 individuals with human brucellosis and 94 healthy individuals. Genotyping of IFN-\u3b3 R1 \u2013 56 C>T and IFN-\u3b3 R1 \u2013 611 A>G polymorphism in both patients and healthy controls was done by PCR- restriction enzyme length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) and PCR- confronting two primer pairs (PCR-CTPP) methods and were assessed for potential associations with susceptibility for human brucellosis and their mode of penetrance. Results: Interestingly, we have designed a PCR-CTPP system to be used for genotyping of IFN-\u3b3 R1 \u2013 611 A > G polymorphism. The PCR-CTPP is an accurate method for genotyping of SNPs. Moreover, it is time-saving, inexpensive and easy to perform. Conclusion: Both tested polymorphisms, IFN-\u3b3 R1 \u2013 56 C>T and IFN-\u3b3 R1 -611 A>G polymorphism had no role in genetic susceptibility to human brucellosis in the study population. The PCR-CTPP can be used for genotyping IFN-\u3b3 R1 \u2013 611 A > G polymorphism and other types of mutation

Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy of Chlorophyll a: Solvent Dependent Spectral Evolution

The interaction of the monomeric chlorophyll Q-band electronic transition with solvents of differing physical-chemical properties is investigated through two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES). Chlorophyll constitutes the key chromophore molecule in light harvesting complexes. It is well-known that the surrounding protein in the light harvesting complex fine-tunes chlorophyll electronic transitions to optimize energy transfer. Therefore, an understanding of the influence of the environment on the monomeric chlorophyll electronic transitions is important. The Q-band 2DES is inhomogeneous at early times, particularly in hydrogen bonding polar solvents, but also in nonpolar solvents like cyclohexane. Interestingly this inhomogeneity persists for long times, even up to the nanosecond time scale in some solvents. The reshaping of the 2DES occurs over multiple time scales and was assigned mainly to spectral diffusion. At early times the reshaping is Gaussian-like, hinting at a strong solvent reorganization effect. The temporal evolution of the 2DES response was analyzed in terms of a Brownian oscillator model. The spectral densities underpinning the Brownian oscillator fitting were recovered for the different solvents. The absorption spectra and Stokes shift were also properly described by this model. The extent and nature of inhomogeneous broadening was a strong function of solvent, being larger in H-bonding and viscous media and smaller in nonpolar solvents. The fastest spectral reshaping components were assigned to solvent dynamics, modified by interactions with the solute

Shale distribution effects on the joint elastic–electrical properties in reservoir sandstone

We investigated the effect of shale distribution on the joint elastic wave and electrical properties of shaly reservoir sandstones using a dataset of laboratory measurements on 75 brine-saturated (35 g/L salinity) rock samples (63 samples from the literature, 12 newly measured samples). All the data were collected using the ultrasonic (700 kHz) pulse-echo measurement technique for P- and S-wave velocities (Vp, Vs), attenuations (Qp−1, Qs−1), and a four-electrode method for resistivity under elevated hydrostatic confining pressures between 10 and 50 MPa (pore fluid pressure 5 MPa). The distribution of volumetric shale content was classified by comparing the calculated dry P-wave modulus to the modified Upper Hashin–Shtrikman bound for quartz and air mixtures, assuming pore-filling shale. This scheme in particular allowed us to distinguish between pore-filling and load-bearing shale distributions according to idealized definitions, which provides new insight into the joint ultrasonic properties and resistivity behaviour for shaly sandstones. In resistivity–velocity space, the resistivity of load-bearing shale increases with increasing velocity which form a more distinct trend with steeper gradient compared to those for partial pore-filling shale and clean sandstones. Moreover, the pore-filling shale trend straddles the clean sandstone trend and meets the load-bearing shale trend between 100 and 150 apparent formation factors. In resistivity–attenuation space, the highest attenuations exist when the volumetric shale content is close to the frame porosity (for Qp−1 in particular), at the transition between pore-filling and load-bearing shales. The results will inform the development of improved rock physics models to aid reservoir characterization from geophysical remote sensing, particularly for joint seismic and controlled source electromagnetic surveys

Full characterization of vibrational coherence in a porphyrin chromophore by two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy

In this work we present experimental and calculated two-dimensional electronic spectra for a 5,15-bisalkynyl porphyrin chromophore. The lowest energy electronic Qy transition couples mainly to a single 380 cm–1 vibrational mode. The two-dimensional electronic spectra reveal diagonal and cross peaks which oscillate as a function of population time. We analyze both the amplitude and phase distribution of this main vibronic transition as a function of excitation and detection frequencies. Even though Feynman diagrams provide a good indication of where the amplitude of the oscillating components are located in the excitation-detection plane, other factors also affect this distribution. Specifically, the oscillation corresponding to each Feynman diagram is expected to have a phase that is a function of excitation and detection frequencies. Therefore, the overall phase of the experimentally observed oscillation will reflect this phase dependence. Another consequence is that the overall oscillation amplitude can show interference patterns resulting from overlapping contributions from neighboring Feynman diagrams. These observations are consistently reproduced through simulations based on third order perturbation theory coupled to a spectral density described by a Brownian oscillator model

Where constructionism and critical realism converge: interrogating the domain of epistemological relativism

The paper interrogates the status, nature and significance of epistemological relativism as a key element of constructionism and critical realism. It finds that epistemological relativism is espoused by authorities in critical realism and marginalized or displaced in the field of management and organization studies, resulting in forms of analysis that are empirically, but not fully critically, realist. This evaluation prompts reflection on the question of whether, how and with what implications epistemological relativism might be recast at the heart of critical realist studies of management and organization