Deformación plástica del antebrazo: revisión y caso clínico

La deformidad plástica de un hueso es una rara entidad, que en ocasiones pasa desapercibida. Se trata de una lesión típica del niño, con un hueso más elástico que los adultos. La mayoría de las deformidades plásticas del antebrazo se producen por caídas con el brazo en extensión, causando deformidad, dolor y una limitación de la pronosupinación. Para reducir la curvatura del hueso se precisan fuerzas contrarias a las que produjeron la lesión, mantenidas en el tiempo. En niños menores de 4 años, con enorme capacidad de remodelación, sólo grandes deformidades >20º deberían ser reducidas. En los mayores de 10 años, con escaso potencial remodelador, deben manipularse aquellas angulaciones >10-15º. La mayor complicación derivada de una mala reducción es la limitación de la pronosupinación, que en la mayoría de las ocasiones no altera la funcionalidad de la extremidad.Plastic bowing of a bone is a rare entity that some- times goes unnoticed. It’s a typical injury in children, who have more elastic bones than adults. Most of the plastic bowing of the forearm take place by falls with an outstretched arm, causing deformities, pain and a limitation of pronation and supination. In order to reduce the curvature of the bone, opposing forces to those that produced the injury are needed, maintained for a long time. In children younger than 4 years, with an enormous remodelling capacity, only great deformi- ties >20º should be reduced. For those older than 10 years, with little remodelling capacity, angulations >10-15º must be manipulated. The greatest complication derived from a bad reduction is the limitation of the pronation and supination, which in most cases does not modify the functionality of the extremity

Multiscale modelling of thermoplastic woven fabric composites: From micromechanics to mesomechanics

The mechanical properties of woven composites can be predicted by using a multiscale modelling approach. The starting point to its application is the microscale (the level of fibres, matrix and interfaces), that allows the computation of the homogenised behaviour of the yarn. The aim of this work was to predict the yarn-level behaviour of a thermoplastic-based woven composite in order to allow the formulation of a representative constitutive model that can be used to predict ply properties at the mesoscale. To accomplish this purpose, an in situ characterisation of the microconstituents was carried out. This served to generate inputs for three different representative volume element (RVE) models that allowed predicting the yarn longitudinal, transverse and shear responses. These mechanical characteristics allowed the determination of homogenised yarn constitutive behaviour which was found to be characterised by significant non-linearity until failure, specially in transverse and shear directions.The research leading to the developments described received funding of the project ADVANSEAT; a collaborative R&D project led by Grupo Antolín, and partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO). C.S. Lopes also acknowledges the support of MINECO through the Ramón y Cajal fellowship (RYC-2013-14271)

Water Framework Directive (WFD) Application to Water Quality Monitoring Design in Port Service Areas (Cartagena-Murcia)

A Water Quality Monitoring Network was developed in the Port of Cartagena, one of the Major Spanish Ports, in order to improve its Environmental Management System. The physical-chemical parameters and biological indicators were established according to the WFD (Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC), these guidelines, to assess the current status of the water body and to establish the criteria to design the monitoring network necessary for the evaluation of its evolution. Twenty two stations were sampled at different depths and 264 samples were taken. A statistical analysis was applied to these samples in order to discriminate relevant parameters, as well as the status of the Control stations and the frequency of sampling to conduct the design with objective criteria of the monitoring networ

Two isoforms of vasa maternal factor in Senegalese sole: Biotechnological applications

Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs) identification and manipulation present considerable potential for hatchery practice and surrogate broodstocks. To carry out the PGCs characterization a specific molecular marker is required. The vasa gene is a good candidate to identify PGCs and others germinal cells (Nagasawa et al., 2009). The aim of this study was the cloning of the Solea senegalensis vasa cDNA and its expression pattern during early development and adulthood

La participación de las personas sin hogar en los recursos de atención social. Una evaluación cualitativa.

In order to know what the factors related to the participation of the homeless in the municipal services of social intervention as well as the difficulties that its practice presents and the factors that promote it, a qualitative study has been designed, planning four focus groups composed by 20 homeless from the city of Lleida. The results manifest problems in the exercise of the right to participation. Difficulties in its implementation is one of the most important conclusions of the investigation, besides the inexistence of effective and really participatory procedures between the services that people use regularly.Para conocer cuáles son los factores relacionados con la participación de las personas sin hogar en los recursos y los servicios municipales de intervención social, así como las dificultades que presenta su práctica y los factores que la promueven, se ha diseñado un estudio cualitativo planificando cuatro grupos de discusión compuestos por 20 personas sin hogar de la ciudad de Lleida. Los resultados manifiestan problemas en el ejercicio del derecho a la participación. Las dificultades en su ejecución es una de las conclusiones más importantes de la investigación, además de la inexistencia de procedimientos efectivos y realmente participativos entre los recursos y servicios que utilizan las personas habitualmente.

Genetic variation and recent positive selection in worldwide human populations: Evidence from nearly 1 million SNPs

BACKGROUND: Genome-wide scans of hundreds of thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have resulted in the identification of new susceptibility variants to common diseases and are providing new insights into the genetic structure and relationships of human populations. Moreover, genome-wide data can be used to search for signals of recent positive selection, thereby providing new insights into the genetic adaptations that occurred as modern humans spread out of Africa and around the world. METHODOLOGY: We genotyped approximately 500,000 SNPs in 255 individuals (5 individuals from each of 51 worldwide populations) from the Human Genome Diversity Panel (HGDP-CEPH). When merged with non-overlapping SNPs typed previously in 250 of these same individuals, the resulting data consist of over 950,000 SNPs. We then analyzed the genetic relationships and ancestry of individuals without assigning them to populations, and we also identified candidate regions of recent positive selection at both the population and regional (continental) level. CONCLUSIONS: Our analyses both confirm and extend previous studies; in particular, we highlight the impact of various dispersals, and the role of substructure in Africa, on human genetic diversity. We also identified several novel candidate regions for recent positive selection, and a gene ontology (GO) analysis identified several GO groups that were significantly enriched for such candidate genes, including immunity and defense related genes, sensory perception genes, membrane proteins, signal receptors, lipid binding/metabolism genes, and genes involved in the nervous system. Among the novel candidate genes identified are two genes involved in the thyroid hormone pathway that show signals of selection in African Pygmies that may be related to their short stature

Remote surface damage detection on rotor blades of operating wind turbines by means of infrared thermography

Wind turbines are constantly exposed to wind gusts, dirt particles and precipitation. Depending on the site, surface defects on rotor blades emerge from the first day of operation on. While erosion increases quickly with time, even small surface defects can affect the performance of the wind turbine. Consequently, there is demand for an easily applicable remote monitoring method for rotor blades that is capable of detecting surface defects at an early stage. In this work it is investigated if infrared thermography (IRT) can meet these requirements by visualizing differences in the thermal transport and the corresponding surface temperature of the wall-bounded flow.Firstly, a validation of the IRT method compared to stereoscopic particle image velocimetry measurements is performed comparing both types of experimental results for the boundary layer of a flat plate. Then, the main characteristics of the flow in the wake of generic surface defects on different types of lifting surfaces are studied both experimentally and numerically: temperature gradients behind protruding surface defects on a flat plate and a DU 91-W2-250 profile are studied by means of IRT. The same is done with the wall shear stress from Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations of a wind turbine blade. It is consistently observed, both in the experiments and the simulations, that turbulent wedges are formed on the flow downstream of generic surface defects. These wedges provide valuable information about the kind of defects that generate them. At last, experimental and numerical performance measures are taken into account for evaluating the aerodynamic impact of surface defects on rotor blades. We conclude that the IRT method is a suitable remote monitoring technique for detecting surface defects on wind turbines at an early stage.</p

Fauna y bioestratigrafía del yacimiento Aragoniense de Montejo de la Vega de la Serrezuela (Segovia)

The macro and micromammals fossils of Montejo de la Vega de la Serrezuela (Segovia, Spain) are studied. The identified taxons allow to place the new locality in the Middle Aragonian, unit MN5 of Mein (1977, 1979, 1990). The Montejo de la Vega deposit can be correlated with the Arroyo del Olivar in the Madrid basin and the Las Planas 4A, 4B, Y4C in the Calatayud-Teruel basin.Se estudian los macro y micromamíferos fósiles de Montejo de la Vega de la Serrezuela (Segovia). Los taxones identificados permiten situar esta localidad en el Aragoniense medio, unidad MN5 de Mein (1977, 1979, 1990). El yacimiento de Montejo de la Vega puede correlacionarse con el de Arroyo del Olivar en la cuenca de Madrid y con los de Las Planas 4A, 4B y 4C en la cuenca de Calatayud-Teruel

Processing and mechanical properties of novel biodegradable poly-lactic acid/Zn 3D printed scaffolds for application in tissue regeneration

The feasibility to manufacture scaffolds of poly-lactic acid reinforced with Zn particles by fused filament fabrication is demonstrated for the first time. Filaments of 2.85 mm in diameter of PLA reinforced with different weight fractions of $\mu$m-sized Zn - 1 wt. \% Mg alloy particles (in the range 3.5 to 17.5 wt. \%) were manufactured by a double extrusion in method in which standard extrusion is followed by a precision extrusion in a filament-maker machine. Filaments with constant diameter, negligible porosity and a homogeneous reinforcement distribution were obtained for Zn weight fractions of up to 10.5\%. It was found that the presence of Zn particles led to limited changes in the physico-chemical properties of the PLA that did not affect the window temperature for 3D printing nor the melt flow index. Thus, porous scaffolds could be manufactured by fused filament fabrication at 190\textdegree C with poly-lactic acid/Zn composites containing 3.5 and 7 wt. \% of Zn and at 170\textdegree C when the Zn content was 10.5 wt. \% with excellent dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties

Detailed analysis of the blade root flow of a horizontal axis wind turbine

The root flow of wind turbine blades is subjected to complex physical mechanisms that influence significantly the rotor aerodynamic performance. Spanwise flows, the Himmelskamp effect, and the formation of the root vortex are examples of interrelated aerodynamic phenomena that take place in the blade root region. In this study we address those phenomena by means of particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements and Reynolds-averaged Navier&ndash;Stokes (RANS) simulations. The numerical results obtained in this study are in very good agreement with the experiments and unveil the details of the intricate root flow. The Himmelskamp effect is shown to delay the stall onset and to enhance the lift force coefficient Cl even at moderate angles of attack. This improvement in the aerodynamic performance occurs in spite of the negative influence of the mentioned effect on the suction peak of the involved blade sections. The results also show that the vortex emanating from the spanwise position of maximum chord length rotates in the opposite direction to the root vortex, which affects the wake evolution. Furthermore, the aerodynamic losses in the root region are demonstrated to take place much more gradually than at the tip