Interet D’une Supplementation En Spiruline Chez Les Enfants Drepanocytaires Homozygotes A L’hopital National De Niamey. (Essai Clinique Randomise En Double Aveugle A Propos De 53 Cas)

Spirulina is a micro algae used for thousands of years due to its healing properties. We supplemented children suffering from sickle cell anemia in order to appreciate its impact on the anthropometrical and clinical parameters. It consisted of a randomized clinical double blind test which was carried during a period of 9 months. The study concerned 53 homozygotes children suffering from sickle cell anemia aged 6 months to 15 years. Also, they were visiting the National Hospital of Niamey for follow up. One group (28 children) received 5 g of spirulina daily, and the other group (25 children) received placebo. The aspects studied were: the number of hospitalizations and transfusions, the vaso-occlusive crisis, the body mass index, and the splenomegalia. We found that 84.90% of patients were hospitalized at least once and 45.3% of them have already been transfused. The average number of crisis has greatly decreased in the spirulina group from 2.75 before the study to 1.18 at the end of the study. This, thus, was observed when compared to 2.44 to 1.6 in the placebo group. We also noticed a decrease of the number of hospitalizations and the number of transfusions which is less important in the group supplemented with spirulina. In conclusion, this study showed that supplementation in spirulina had a significant impact on children suffering from sickle cell anemia. This is even despite the fact that the difference between the two groups is not significant in some cases

Nanofluid impingement jet heat transfer

Experimental investigation to study the heat transfer between a vertical round alumina-water nanofluid jet and a horizontal circular round surface is carried out. Different jet flow rates, jet nozzle diameters, various circular disk diameters and three nanoparticles concentrations (0, 6.6 and 10%, respectively) are used. The experimental results indicate that using nanofluid as a heat transfer carrier can enhance the heat transfer process. For the same Reynolds number, the experimental data show an increase in the Nusselt numbers as the nanoparticle concentration increases. Size of heating disk diameters shows reverse effect on heat transfer. It is also found that presenting the data in terms of Reynolds number at impingement jet diameter can take into account on both effects of jet heights and nozzle diameter. Presenting the data in terms of Peclet numbers, at fixed impingement nozzle diameter, makes the data less sensitive to the percentage change of the nanoparticle concentrations. Finally, general heat transfer correlation is obtained verses Peclet numbers using nanoparticle concentrations and the nozzle diameter ratio as parameters

SMARCB1 loss induces druggable cyclin D1 deficiency via upregulation of MIR17HG in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a fatal pediatric malignancy of the central neural system lacking effective treatment options. It belongs to the rhabdoid tumor family and is usually caused by biallelic inactivation of SMARCB1, encoding a key subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes. Previous studies proposed that SMARCB1 loss drives rhabdoid tumor by promoting cell cycle through activating transcription of cyclin D1 while suppressing p16. However, low cyclin D1 protein expression is observed in most ATRT patient tumors. The underlying mechanism and therapeutic implication of this molecular trait remain unknown. Here, we show that SMARCB1 loss in ATRT leads to the reduction of cyclin D1 expression by upregulating MIR17HG, a microRNA (miRNA) cluster known to generate multiple miRNAs targeting CCND1. Furthermore, we find that this cyclin D1 deficiency in ATRT results in marked in vitro and in vivo sensitivity to the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib as a single agent. Our study identifies a novel genetic interaction between SMARCB1 and MIR17HG in regulating cyclin D1 in ATRT and suggests a rationale to treat ATRT patients with FDA- approved CDK4/6 inhibitors. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156416/2/path5493.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156416/1/path5493_am.pd

Electrocoagulation for the treatment of textile wastewaters with Al or Fe electrodes: Compared variations of COD levels, turbidity and absorbance

International audienceElectrocoagulation technique has been used for the treatment of two wastewaters issued by textile industry. Treatment was carried out in a discontinuous system provided with aluminium or iron electrodes, and with recirculation of the liquid. The efficiency of the technique was followed depending on the electrode material in terms of water treatment, current efficiency of the dissolution, cell voltage, energy consumption to reach the same COD or turbidity abatement: regardless of the quality of the phase separation in the flocculation section downstream of the electrocoagulation cell, the two metals were found to be of comparable efficiency. Besides COD and absorbance were shown to follow similar, regular variations along the treatment; experimental data could be interpreted by a simple model involving the overall equilibrium between the metal dissolved – in the form of hydroxides – and the polluting substance. Abatement of the waste turbidity was observed to obey another law, with a sharp reduction of turbidity after a preliminary phase, where accumulation of metal hydroxide has no effect on this variable

Representations sociales des fentes labio-palatines au Mali : Social representations of lip and palate clefts in Malian people

L’objectif de ce travail était d’étudier les représentations sociales des fentes labio-alvéolo-palatines au Mali.Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive menée de Mars 2020 à février 2021 dans 3 hôpitaux du Mali et a concerné 60 enfants porteurs de fentes labio-palatines et leurs mères.L’âge moyen des patients était de 7 ans 8 mois +/- 5,85. Le sexe masculin a représenté 68% des cas avec un sex-ratio de 2,15. La fente labio-alvéolo-narinaire unilatérale a été la plus rencontrée avec 55% des cas. Les réponses données par les enquêtées quant à la cause de la malformation étaient : fatalité (83,3%), sort (8,3%), toxoplasmose « tonsognimi » en langue Bambara (5%), maladie sexuellement transmissible (1,7%) et malédiction (1,7%). Le recours à la consultation d’un tradipraticien pour connaitre la cause de la malformation a été l’attitude en premier lieu chez 11,7% des mères et pour celles-ci, le traitement de la malformation relevait du pouvoir du tradipraticien. Le sentiment de responsabilité dans la survenue des malformations avait été affirmé par 39,4 % des mères enquêtées. Par crainte de revivre la même expérience, elles avaient souhaité ne plus avoir un enfant.Les causes des fentes labio-palatines sont souvent recherchées dans le domaine du surnaturel d’où le recours aux tradipraticiens en premier lieu. The objective of this work was to understand the social representations of lip and palate clefts (LPC) in Malian setting.In Mali, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from March 2020 to February 2021 and has concerned mothers of patients suffered from LPC. The study involved mothers who agreed to participate in. The sample was consisted of 60 cases.The mean age of patients was 7 years and 8 months +/- 5.85. The male sex represented 68% of cases. A unilateral labial-alveolar-nasal cleft was the most common in 55% of cases. Mothers’ answers to the cause of the malformation were: fatality (83.3%), fate (8.3%), toxoplasmosis “tonsognimi” in Bambara language (5%), sexually transmitted disease (1.7%) and curse (1.7%). In 11.7% of mothers, a traditional healer consultation was the first attitude to find out the cause of the malformation and for them, the treatment of the malformation fellwithin the power of the traditional healer. The feeling of responsibility for malformation occurrence has claimed by 39.4% of mothers. For fear of reliving the same experience, they’d wished not to have a child afterwards.The causes of LPC are often sought in the field of the supernatural. These causesmotivate the use of traditional healers in the first instance

Impact of sheet erosion mechanisms on organic carbon losses from crusted soils in the Sahel

Soil surface crusting influences water infiltration and runoff but its impact on soil organic carbon (SOC) losses by sheet erosion is largely unknown. Because there are different mechanisms of sheet erosion, from raindrop detachment and transport by raindrops interacting with flow (RIFT), to detachment and transport by flow, that require a certain slope length to be operative, this study examined the impact of slope length on SOC and nutrient losses. Field experiments were conducted on crusted soils in the Sahel region of Africa. Three replicates of micro-plots (1 m ? 1 m), plots (10 m long ? 5 m width) and long plots (25 m ? 6 m) were installed for each crust type in the area (structural, STRU; desiccation, DES; gravel, GRAV; and erosion, ERO) and followed for each rainfall event in the 2012 rainy season. Sediment, SOC content in sediments and selected nutrients (NO3?; PO43?) in the runoff were analyzed to evaluate the annual losses by sheet erosion. SOC losses decreased significantly with increasing slope length from 0.24 g C m ? 1 on micro-plots to 0.04 g C m? 1 on plots and to 0.01 g C m? 1 on long plots and similar trends were observed for NO3? and PO43? losses. This suggested a strong scale dependency of sheet erosion with the efficiency of transport by saltation and rolling by RIFT decreasing significantly with increasing slope length, by 6 folds in average between 1 and 10 m, with values between 1.8 on DES crusts and 19 on STRU crusts. These results on the relationship between soil crusting and sheet erosion should be further used to mitigate against the loss of SOC through the implementation of improved soil conservation techniques, as well as to improve soil erosion and/or SOC models