Induction and establishment of adventitious and hairy root cultures of Plumbago zeylanica L.

This study was investigated to develop efficient protocols for adventitious and hairy root cultures of Plumbago zeylanica. Adventitious roots were initiated from leaf and stem explants cultured on MS medium with different concentrations and combinations of auxins. The highest number of roots was obtained when the explants was cultured on MS medium with 1.0 mg·L-1 IBA and 0.5 mg·L-1 NAA. Hairy root culture of P. zeylanica was obtained by infecting leaf explants cultured in vitro with Agrobacteriumrhizogenes MTCC 532. The highest frequency of explant transformation was about 93%. The developed culture exhibited fast growth and high lateral branching on growth regulator free MS medium. The rootcultures obtained were inoculated into B5, MS and SH media supplemented with different carbon sources with or without auxins and were placed on a rotary shaker 80 rpm for 35 days under dark or light conditions. Of the three media tested, MS medium sustained better root growth than others and sucrose proved to be the best carbon source. The biomass in hairy root culture was higher than in nontransformed root culture

Determinants of Capital Expenditure with Economic Growth As Moderating Variables on the Government District/City on the Island of Sumatra

This research aims to analyze the influence of financial self-sufficiency ratio, the ratio of the effectiveness of the PAD, the ratio, the ratio of the efficiency activity, fund balances toward capital expenditure on district/city governments in Sumatra, and also test whether economic growth is a moderator variable. The object of this research are all the countries and cities on the island of Sumatra. The data used are secondary data obtained from the Directorate General of Financial Equalization and the Central Bureau of statistics for the period 2012–2016. Statistical data analysis test used in this research is multiple linear regression using STATCAL. STATCAL is a statistical application program that can be used to perform graphical and statistical analysis. Simultaneous research results showed the ratio of financial independence, the ratio of the effectiveness of the PAD, the ratio, the ratio of efficiency activity, fund balances, and influential SiLPA significantly to capital expenditures. Partially, the financial independence of the area ratio, the ratio of the effectiveness of the PAD, the ratio of activity, and SiLPA affect significantly the capital expenditures; the ratio of funds and efficient use of perimbangan does not affect positively and is insignificant toward capital expenditures. Variable moderation is able to moderate the regional and financial self-sufficiency ratio of the effectiveness of the PAD, but can’t moderate the efficiency ratio, the ratio of the activity, fund balances, and SiLPA toward capital expenditures.     Keywords: capital expenditures, financial self-sufficiency ratio, the ratio of effectiveness efficiency ratios, PAD, the ratio of the Fund’s activity, perimbangan, SiLP

Longevity and mortality of cats attending primary care veterinary practices in England

Enhanced knowledge on longevity and mortality in cats should support improved breeding, husbandry, clinical care and disease prevention strategies. The VetCompass research database of primary care veterinary practice data offers an extensive resource of clinical health information on companion animals in the UK. This study aimed to characterise longevity and mortality in cats, and to identify important demographic risk factors for compromised longevity. Crossbred cats were hypothesised to live longer than purebred cats. Descriptive statistics were used to characterise the deceased cats. Multivariable linear regression methods investigated risk factor association with longevity in cats that died at or after 5 years of age. From 118,016 cats attending 90 practices in England, 4009 cats with confirmed deaths were randomly selected for detailed study. Demographic characterisation showed that 3660 (91.7%) were crossbred, 2009 (50.7%) were female and 2599 (64.8%) were neutered. The most frequently attributed causes of mortality in cats of all ages were trauma (12.2%), renal disorder (12.1%), non-specific illness (11.2%), neoplasia (10.8%) and mass lesion disorders (10.2%). Overall, the median longevity was 14.0 years (interquartile range [IQR] 9.0–17.0; range 0.0–26.7). Crossbred cats had a higher median longevity than purebred cats (median [IQR] 14.0 years [9.1–17.0] vs 12.5 years [6.1–16.4]; P \u3c0.001), but individual purebred cat breeds varied substantially in longevity. In cats dying at or after 5 years (n = 3360), being crossbred, having a lower bodyweight, and being neutered and non-insured were associated with increased longevity. This study described longevity in cats and identified important causes of mortality and breed-related associations with compromised longevity

Early Predictors Of Creative Writing At Age 9

The present study investigated the extent to which creative expressiveness in writing at age 9 could be predicted by early human figure drawing ability and general cognitive ability, measured at age 4. Participants (N=277) were members of the Twins Early Development Study, for whom measures of human figure drawing and general cognitive ability were available at age 4 and a measure of creative writing was available at age 9. Creativity was measured with the Consensual Assessment Technique, which is a commonly used technique to estimate creativity of a product. Each story, based on three pictures shown to children, was coded on 10 dimensions by five independent judges. Creative Expressiveness score was created as a composite measure of dimensions that correlated highly with creativity dimension. Human figure drawing ability, measured by The Draw-A-Child test at 4, was found to be a weak but significant predictor of Creative Expressiveness at age 9 (r =.17). General cognitive ability at 4 did not predict Creative Expressiveness in writing at 9. It is concluded that examining individual differences in human figure drawing ability may provide a promising direction for exploring the early antecedents of creativity throughout childhood

Adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf explants of miniature paprika (Capsicum annuum) ‘Hivita Red’ and ‘Hivita Yellow’

A simple and efficient protocol was developed for in vitro propagation of two miniature paprika cultivars. Seeds of miniature paprika (Capsicum annuum) ‘Hivita Red’ and ‘Hivita Yellow’ were decontaminated and placed in a petri dish containing a half-strength MS medium and then wereincubated in the dark for 7 10 days for germination. Leaf explants excised from one month-old aseptic seedlings were cultured on a MS medium supplemented with TDZ (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0 mgL-1) alone or in a combination with NAA (0.1 or 0.01 mgL-1) for four weeks. The highest number of regenerated shoot buds was obtained when leaf explants were cultured on a MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mgL-1 TDZ and 0.1 mgL-1 NAA with an average shoots per explant of 8.0 in ‘Hivita Red’ and 5.6 in ‘Hivita Yellow’. Regenerated shoot buds were separated and transferred onto a MS medium without growth regulators for shoot growth and rooting. Plantlets were successfully acclimatized in a greenhouse andcultivated for three months. After about two months, they started to produce flowers and continuously produced fruits. Morphology and fruit shape of regenerated plants were normal and plants set seeds asthe same as to the seed-raised plants

Insect Diversity in Fruit Hamlets in Allang Village

Insect diversity is very important in maintaining the balance and continuity of the food chain in an agricultural ecosystem. This study aimed to identify the types of insects in the fruit hamlet in Allang village to obtain data on the diversity of insects in the Allang village. The research was carried out in two stages: using a field survey method in Allang village and laboratory research to identify the collected insects. Four types of traps are used in this study: yellow sticky traps, bait traps, pitfalls, and light traps. The results showed six orders, ten families, and 256 individual insects with a diversity index (of 1.044643) belonging to the medium category in the fruit groves at the study site

Effect of soaking of seeds in potassium silicate and uniconazole on germination and seedling growth of tomato cultivars, Seogeon and Seokwang

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of soaking seeds in potassium silicate and uniconazole on seed germination and seedling growth of two tomato cultivars. Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. ‘Seogeon and Seokwang’) seeds were put in a Petri dish filled with 15 ml of a solutions containing either 50 or 100 mg L-1 potassium silicate or uniconazole and were placed in an environment controlled chamber (25°C, 80% RH, dark) for 12 or 24 h. After the soaking treatment, seeds were washed in distilled water and were dried in a growth chamber (25°C, 80% RH, and in the dark) for 4 h. Seeds were sown in 288-cell (11 cc) plug trays containing a Tosilee medium and trays were layed out in a randomized complete block design on beds in a glasshouse. A nutrient solution was supplied uniformly for all treatments once a day through a sub-irrigation system. Soaking seeds in potassium silicate or uniconazole solution reduced germination percentage in both cultivars when compared to the control. In both cultivars, soaking treatment of uniconazole significantly reduced length of stem, hypocotyls, internode, leaf area and dry weight of stem and root, as compared to the control and other treatments. Root length increased significantly in all treatments when compared with the control. Hypocotyl length and plant height of 'Seogeon' seedlings were suppressed in the 100 mg L-1 potassium silicate treatment as compared to the control and water soaking. In contrast, height of ‘Seokwang’ seedlings increased by potassium silicate treatment. The chlorophyll fluorescence ratio (Fv/Fm) increased by low concentration of uniconazole treatment as compared to the control and other treatments. The growth of tomato seedlings was efficiently regulated by uniconazole 50 mg L-1 (12 h soaking) treatment.Key words: Chlorophyll fluorescence, plant growth retardants, plug plants, potassium silicate, seed treatment, silicon, uniconazole

Tugas dan Tanggung Jawab Syahbandar dalam Kegiatan Pengangkutan Laut di Indonesia

Permasalahan yang diteliti dalam penulisan hukum ini adalaah apa saja tugas dan tanggung jawab yang dimiliki syahbandar dalam kegiatan pengangkutan laut di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan tugas syahbandar dalam keamanan dan keselamatan pelayaran berdasarkan hukum Indonesia adalah sebagai penegak hukum di bidang keselamatan dan keamanan pelayaran Indonesia, sebagai kepala pemerintahan dalam pelabuhan atau koordinator segala aktivitas dalam pelabuhan, sebagai pengawas dan penanggung jawab keamanan dan keselamatan pelayaran di Indonesia, dan sebagai penerbit dokumen pelayaran. Ttanggung jawab syahbandar dalam keamanan dan keselamatan pelayaran berdasarkan hukum Indonesia adalah, memastikan sebuah kapal layak untuk berlayar dan meminimalisir kemungkinan terjadinya kecelakaan kapal akibat tidak laiklautnya kapal, menanggulangi pencemaran laut dan melakukan upaya untuk mencegah pencemaran laut terjadi, dan ikut serta dalam pencarian dan penyelamatan korban apabila terjadi kecelakaan kapal ataupun saat ada gangguan dalam pelayaran. Saran yang dapat diberikan penulis adalah peningkatan kemampuan syahbandar melalui keterampilan nautis, teknis dan administratif serta disiplin kerja, peningkatan dedikasi terhadap pengembangan tugas demi terwujudnya keselamatan kapal, barang dan keselamatan jiwa di laut, dan dilakukan evaluasi kinerja bagi setiap Syahbandar yang dilaksanakan setiap periode waktu tertentu

The Impact of Regional FTA on Export of Manufactured Goods: The Implementation of Gravity Model in Indonesia

Indonesian exports have not shown their best performance since Indonesian exports are still based on raw commodities, not manufactured commodities, causing Indonesia to experience a negative trade balance. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of the six regional FTAs applied in Indonesia and related trade factors on Indonesian exports of manufactured goods with 40 partner countries using gravity model during 2002-2019 as a means of evaluation. The result indicates that the regional FTA has positive impact on Indonesian exports of manufactured goods. It also indicates that the regional FTA only causes trade creation effect. Furthermore, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of two countries, economic distance, trade openness and the effective real exchange rate of partner countries significantly affect Indonesian exports of manufactured goods. Thus, it can be concluded that regional FTAs in both countries along with economic growth of Indonesia and partner countries, economic distance, trade openness and real effective exchange rate of partner countries are advantageous for Indonesian trade policy to increase the exports of manufactured goods

Southern North Sea storm surge event of 5 December 2013: Water levels, waves and coastal impacts

The storm surge event that affected the coastal margins of the southern North Sea on 5–6 December 2013 produced the highest still water levels on record at several tide gauges on the UK east coast. On east-facing coasts south of the Humber estuary and north-facing Norfolk, water levels were higher than in the twentieth century benchmark surge event of 31 January–1 February 1953. Maximum significant wave heights were highest off the North Norfolk coast (peak Hs = 3.8 m offshore, 2.9 m inshore) and lowest off the Suffolk coast (Hs = 1.5–1.8 m inshore); comparable offshore wave heights in 1953 were 7–8 m and ca. 3 m. The lower wave heights, and their short duration, in 2013 explain both localised breaching, overtopping, and back-barrier flooding associated with gravel ridges and relatively low earthen banks as well as the lack of failure in more highly-engineered coastal defences. On barrier coasts and within estuaries, the signal of maximum runup was highly variable, reflecting the modification of the tide–surge–wave signal by inshore bathymetry and the presence of a range of coastal ecosystems. The landscape impacts of the December 2013 surge included the notching of soft rock cliffs and cliffline retreat; erosion of coastal dunes; and the augmentation or re-activation of barrier island washover deposits. Whilst surge event-related cliff retreat on the rapidly eroding cliffs of the Suffolk coast lay within the natural variability in inter-annual rates of retreat, the impact of the surge on upper beach/sand dune margins produced a pulse of shoreline translation landwards equivalent to about 10 years of ‘normal’ shoreline retreat. The study of east coast surges over the last 60 years, and the identification of significant phases of landscape change — such as periods of rapid soft rock cliff retreat and the formation of new gravel washovers on barrier islands — points to the importance of high water levels being accompanied by high wave activity. Future developments in early warning systems and evacuation planning require information on the variable impacts of such extreme events.This paper is a contribution to NERC BESS Consortium grant A hierarchical approach to the examination of the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem service flows across coastal margins (grant reference NE/J015423/1). Table 5 incorporates information gathered as part of an EU FP7 Collaborative Project Resilience-Increasing Strategies for Coasts — toolkit (RISC_KIT).This is the final published version. It first appeared at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825215000628#