Do you see what I mean?

Visualizers, like logicians, have long been concerned with meaning. Generalizing from MacEachren's overview of cartography, visualizers have to think about how people extract meaning from pictures (psychophysics), what people understand from a picture (cognition), how pictures are imbued with meaning (semiotics), and how in some cases that meaning arises within a social and/or cultural context. If we think of the communication acts carried out in the visualization process further levels of meaning are suggested. Visualization begins when someone has data that they wish to explore and interpret; the data are encoded as input to a visualization system, which may in its turn interact with other systems to produce a representation. This is communicated back to the user(s), who have to assess this against their goals and knowledge, possibly leading to further cycles of activity. Each phase of this process involves communication between two parties. For this to succeed, those parties must share a common language with an agreed meaning. We offer the following three steps, in increasing order of formality: terminology (jargon), taxonomy (vocabulary), and ontology. Our argument in this article is that it's time to begin synthesizing the fragments and views into a level 3 model, an ontology of visualization. We also address why this should happen, what is already in place, how such an ontology might be constructed, and why now

Geology of the Peterborough and Concord Quadrangles, New Hampshire

Guidebook for field trips in southwestern New Hampshire, southeastern Vermont, and north-central Massachusetts: New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference, 80th annual meeting, October 14, 15 and 16, 1988, Keene, New Hampshire: Trip C-

The search for new physics by the measurement of the 4-jet cross section at LHC and FNAL

We investigate the possibility to look for new physics by the measurement of the 4-jet cross section at LHC and FNAL. In particular, we consider the model with scalar colour octet and the supersymmetric model with R-parity violation. In both models pair produced new particles decay into 2 jets thus leading to 4-jet events. Therefore, the measurement of the distributions of 4-jet differential cross section on the invariant dijet masses allows to look for new physics. The main background comes from standard QCD 4-jet events. We find that at LHC it would be possible to discover scalar colour particles with masses up to 900 Gev and for FNAL the corresponding bound is 175 Gev.Comment: 14 pages, late

Results of the August 1977 Soviet and American meterological rocketsonde intercomparison held at Wallops Island, Virginia

A coordinated program of rocketsonde investigations along about 60 deg E and 70 deg W between the United States and U.S.S.R. is discussed. The rocketsonde instruments used by the U.S. and U.S.S.R. were compared and the results are presented. The U.S. Super Loki Datasonde and the U.S.S.R. M100B rocketsonde are discussed. Results indicate that the U.S/U.S.S.R. rocketsonde measurement agreement improved since the 1973 intercomparisons. It was learned that the mean of the differences of the temperatures compare to within 6 C at about 60 km and to within 2 C near 50 km. Wind measurements were also found to agree

Spin analog of the controlled Josephson charge current

We propose a controlled Josephson spin current across the junction of two non-centrosymmetric superconductors like CePt_3Si. The Josephson spin current arises due to direction dependent tunneling matrix element and different momentum dependent phases of the triplet components of the gap function. Its modulation with the angle \xi between the noncentrosymmetric axes of two superconductors is proportional to \sin \xi. This particular dependence on \xi may find application of the proposed set-up in making a Josephson spin switch.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure; title is changed; article is rewritte

Correlated Quantum Transport of Density Wave Electrons

Recently observed Aharonov-Bohm quantum interference of period h/2e in charge density wave rings strongly suggest that correlated density wave electron transport is a cooperative quantum phenomenon. The picture discussed here posits that quantum solitons nucleate and transport current above a Coulomb blockade threshold field. We propose a field-dependent tunneling matrix element and use the Schrodinger equation, viewed as an emergent classical equation as in Feynman's treatment of Josephson tunneling, to compute the evolving macrostate amplitudes, finding excellent quantitative agreement with voltage oscillations and current-voltage characteristics in NbSe3. A proposed phase diagram shows the conditions favoring soliton nucleation versus classical depinning. (Published in Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 036404 (2012).)Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, (5 pages & 3 figures for main article), includes Supplemental Material with 1 figure. Published version: Physical Review Letters, vol. 108, p. 036404 (2012

Spin-polarized tunneling through randomly transparent magnetic junctions: Reentrant magnetoresistance approaching the Julliere limit

Electron conductance in planar magnetic tunnel junctions with long-range barrier disorder is studied within Glauber-eikonal approximation enabling exact disorder ensemble averaging by means of the Holtsmark-Markov method. This allows us to address a hitherto unexplored regime of the tunneling magnetoresistance effect characterized by the crossover from momentum-conserving to random tunneling as a function of the defect concentration. We demonstrate that such a crossover results in a reentrant magnetoresistance: It goes through a pronounced minimum before reaching disorder- and geometry-independent Julliere's value at high defect concentrations.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, derivation of Eq. (39) added, errors in Ref. 7 correcte

A six year review of hysterectomy for benign gynaecological conditions at the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri

Background: Hysterectomy is one of the commonest major gynaecological surgeries performed for both benign and malignant conditions. Hysterectomy for benign gynaecological conditions is usually done to improve the quality of life of women who suffer from these disorders. Aim of current study was to analyze hysterectomies performed in the centre for benign gynaecological conditions during the period of the study.Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study of all cases of hysterectomy (for benign gynaecological disorders over a 6 year period (January 1, 2006 - December 31, 2011) at Federal Medical Centre, Owerri. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, indication for surgery, type of hysterectomy, operative findings, and postoperative complications during admission were retrieved and analyzed.Results: Hysterectomy for benign gynecological conditions accounted for 14.1% of all major gynecological surgeries. The leading indications for hysterectomy were uterovaginal prolapse (47.3%), uterine fibroid (33.6%), and dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) (9.1%). Abdominal hysterectomy accounted for 55.0% while vaginal hysterectomy accounted for 45.0% of hysterectomies performed for benign gynecological conditions. A post-operative morbidity rate of 23.7% was found. Post-operative fever, requiring investigation and treatment, was the leading complication. No mortality associated with hysterectomy was recorded.Conclusions: Hysterectomy for benign gynaecological conditions is relatively common and safe in our centre, but there is need for improvement on the high post-operative morbidity rate

Transmission of a Symmetric Light Pulse through a Wide QW

The reflection, transmission and absorption of a symmetric electromagnetic pulse, which carrying frequency is close to the frequency of an interband transition in a QW (QW), are obtained. The energy levels of a QW are assumed discrete, one exited level is taken into account. The case of a wide QW is considered when a length of the pulse wave, appropriate to the carrying frequency, is comparable to the QW's width. In figures the time dependencies of the dimensionless reflection, absorption are transmission are represented. It is shown, that the spatial dispersion and a distinction in refraction indexes influence stronger reflection.Comment: 8 pages,8 figures with caption

Relating the primitive hierarchy of the PREMO standard to the standard reference model for intelligent multimedia presentation systems

The need for a suitable classification of media types arises for several reasons when building or comparing multimedia systems. Within an Intelligent Multimedia Presentation Systems (IMMPS) it is necessary to formulate and encode design knowledge for decision making on the appropriate medium in which to present information and for the generation of the presentation. It is also required in order to specify interfaces to and between system components which will be employed to run a generated presentation before the user's eyes. This task is reflected in the SRM (Standard Reference Model, see this volume) for IMMPS by the Presentation Display Layer. However, the SRM does not instantiate this layer in detail, but instead refers to the PREMO ISO/IEC standard which provides a reference model for a presentation runtime environment for multimedia. PREMO already contains a set of basic structures, the so-called PREMO Primitive Hierarchy, to describe different media types. Thus the question arises, as to how far the PREMO Primitive Hierarchy could serve as a media classification for the SRM in general. In particular, this would support consistency between the design and presentation layers of the SRM if PREMO were used to instantiate the Presentation Layer. In the report, we first point to a number of typical problems with generating classifications of media types. We then provide a brief introduction to PREMO and its Primitive Hierarchy. Finally, the benefits and costs of using the PREMO primitive hierarchy for the SRM are discussed