Características hidráulicas y efecto del estrés hídrico en cuatro clones de Eucalyptus globulus Labill

Se estudió el efecto del déficit hídrico combinado con altas temperaturas sobre la tasa de transpiración, conductancia estomática y conductividad hidráulica de tallo y raíces en planta de pequeño tamaño de cuatro clones selectos de Eucalyptus globulus. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre clones en los valores de la conductividad hidráulica de la parte aérea por unidad de superficie foliar (Kshoot), conductividad hidráulica específica (Ks) y conductividad foliar (Kfoliar). Los menores valores de Ks y Kfoliar se midieron en el clon que alcanzó el menor crecimiento y menores valores de conductancia estomática. El máximo crecimiento se midió en el clon que alcanzó mayor valor de Kfoliar. No se encontró una relación positiva entre los valores de Kshoot y el crecimiento. El clon con mayor sensibilidad estomática a las temperaturas elevadas presentó valores altos de Kshoot, Ks y Kfoliar. Este resultado demuestra que se debe estudiar las “necesidades hidráulicas” de cada genotipo para interpretar adecuadamente la relación entre conductividad hidráulica, conductancia estomática y tasa de transpiración.______________________________We examined the combined effect of water shortage and high temperatures on the evapotranspiration rate, stomatal conductance and hydraulic conductivity of stems and roots in small-sized plants of four selected Eucalyptus globulus clones and found significant differences in hydraulic conductivity of the aerial part per leaf area unit (Kshoot), specific hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and leaf conductivity (Kleaf) between clones. The smallest Ks and Kleaf values were those for the clone exhibiting the lowest growth and stomatal conduction. On the other hand, the greatest Kleaf value was that for the clone exhibiting the highest growth. No positive correlation between Kshoot and growth was found in any clone, however. The clone with the highest stomatal sensitivity to high temperatures had large Kshoot, Ks and Kleaf values. This result shows that accurately interpreting the relationship between hydraulic conductivity, stomatal conductance and evapotranspiration in each genotype entails carefully establishing its water requirements

How to Brush Your Way into the Bile Duct

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Decline in glutathione peroxidase and cytoplasmic catalases by lindane may cause an increase of reactive oxygen species in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Lindane or gamma 1α,2α,3β,4α,5α,6β-hexachlorocyclohexane is an organochlorine insecticide, persistent in soils and aquifers, lipophilic, chemically and biochemically inert that accumulates along the human food chain. It is commonly used on a wide variety of crops, in warehouses, in public health to control insect-borne diseases, and (with fungicides) as a seed treatment. Lindane is also presently used in lotions, creams, and shampoos for the control of lice and mites (scabies) in humans. Several chemicals as lindane, toxic for aquatic organisms, birds and mammals have been in the news recently, since the European Union intend to ban it. Therefore it is urgent to clarify the toxicological mechanisms of this compound in eukaryotic cells. Thus the main purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of lindane in the wine wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae UE-ME3 of Alentejo musts, Portugal, a unicellular eukaryotic organism, described as resistant to the presence of pesticides or metals. Cells at mid-exponential phase were inoculated in YEPD medium with 2 % (w/v) glucose and incubated during 72 h in a water bath with orbital shaking, at 28 ºC, in the absence or in presence of 5 and 50 μM lindane. Samples from each treatment were used to obtain growth curves, wet weight and to prepare post-12000 g supernatant, used for determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [1] by fluorimetry and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) [2], glutathione peroxidase (GPx) [3], selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) [3] and cytoplasmic catalase (CAT T) [4] activities as well as pellet for determination of peroxisomal catalase (CAT A) [4] activities by spectrophotometry. The results show that lindane inhibited cell growth of S. cerevisiae UE-ME3, causing a decrease in the biomass produced along 72 h, as well as cell viability from 24 h of assay. On the other hand, was detected an increase in the ROS content of post-12,000 g sediment of cells exposed to 5 μM lindane and post-12000 g supernatant of cells subjected to any exposure conditions, eventually conditioned by a decline in GPx and CAT T activities, which has become the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide less effective. The increase in the CAT A activity without significant changes in the ALP and Se-GPx activities justified, in part, the increase in ROS levels of S. cerevisiae exposed to lindane, as well as the loss of cell viability due to inadequate response of glutathione cycle or cells signaling pathways that assure lipid biosynthesis

Fatty acid composition of Mytilus galloprovincialis larvae fed on different micoralgal diets: effect on larval growth and survival.

The influence of dietary essential fatty acid on bivalve larval growth and survival has been reported by several authors. The objectives of the current research were (1) to describe fatty acid composition of Mytilus galloprovincialis D-larvae and (2) to investigate the influence of algal lipid composition on larval growth and survival. Larvae were fed with two diets, A (Tetraselmis suecica + Isochrisis galbana) and B (Tetraselmis suecica + Chaetoceros sp). After fifteen days the larval growth was significantly higher with diet B than with diet A. The survival was also different, being 28% in diet A and 22.4 % in diet B. The percentages of veliger, pediveliger and amorphous larvae were higher in group A than in B, while in the latter there were not amorphous larvae and the 21 % were postlarvae. So, the microalgae Chaetoceros sp seems to enhance larvae growth and development. The difference in diet also produced changes in fatty acid profiles being the most important change ones (1) the increase of 14:0 in both groups, (2) 16:0 decreased in group A but it increased in group B and (3) total MUFA showed higher levels in both trials. Total PUFA n-6 level was higher in group A due to the 18:2n-6 increase. Arachidonic acid level was augmented with both diets. EPA level diminished in group A but it augmented in group B, DHA behaviour was opposite, increasing in group A but decreasing in group B. This is due to the high level of EPA in Chaetoceros sp and DHA in Isochrysis galbana (Fern&aacute;ndez-Reiriz et al., 2006). These results do not coincide with other studies which suggest that DHA is a key requirement for larval development and growth of other bivalve species (Caers et al., 1999). In our case diet rich in EPA seems to be better in mussel larva culture than the diet rich in DHA. This work was supported by Interreg Project 0251_ECOAQUA_5_E, financed by the EDRF (European Regional Development Fund). www.juntadeandalucia.es/agriculturaypesca/ifapa/ecoaqua. &nbsp;La influencia de la composici&oacute;n en &aacute;cidos grasos de la dieta ha sido estudiada por diversos autores. Los objetivos de este trabajo fuero (1) describir la composici&oacute;n en &aacute;cidos grasos de las larvas D de Mytilus galloprovincialis y (2) investigar la influencia de la composici&oacute;n lip&iacute;dica de las microalgas en el crecimiento y supervivencia larvario. Las larvas se fueron alimentadas con dos dietas,A (Tetraselmis suecica + Isochrisis galbana) y B (Tetraselmis suecica + Chaetoceros sp). Tras quince d&iacute;as el crecimiento larvario fue significativamente mayor con la dieta B que con la dieta A. La supervivencia tambi&eacute;n fue diferente, siendo 28 % en la dieta A y 22.4% en la dieta B. El porcentaje de las larvas veliger, pediveliger y amorfas fue mayor en A que en B, mientras que en &eacute;ste no hubo amorfas y el 21 % fueron postlarvas. Por lo tanto la microalga Chaetoceros sp mejora el cultivo larvario. La diferencia en la dieta tambi&eacute;n produjo cambios en el perfil de &aacute;cidos grasos siendo los m&aacute;s importantes (1) el incremento del 14:0 en ambos grupos, (2) el 16:0 decreci&oacute; en el grupo A pero aument&oacute; en el B y (3) el total de monoinsaturados mostr&oacute; mayores valores en ambos grupos. El total de PUFA n-6 fue mayor en el grupo A debido al incremento de 18:2n-6. El nivel de &aacute;cido araquid&oacute;nico aument&oacute; en ambos grupos. El nivel de EPA disminuy&oacute; en el grupo A pero aument&oacute; en el grupo B, el comportamiento del DHA fue el contrario, incrementando en el grupo A y disminuyendo en el B. Esto fue debido al alto nivel de EPA en Chaetoceros sp y DHA en Isochrysis galbana (Fern&aacute;ndez-Reiriz et al., 2006). Estos resultados no coinciden con otros estudios que sugieren que el DHA es un requerimiento clave para el desarrollo y crecimiento larvarios de otras especies de bivalvos (Caers et al., 1999). En nuestro caso la dieta rica en EPA parece ser mejor para el cultivo larvario de mejillones que la dieta rica en DHA. Este trabajo fue apoyado por el proyecto Interreg 0251_ECOAQUA_5_E, financiado por el FEDER (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional). www.juntadeandalucia.es/agriculturaypesca/ifapa/ecoaqua.</p

On Hirschman and log-Sobolev inequalities in mu-deformed Segal-Bargmann analysis

We consider a deformation of Segal-Bargmann space and its transform. We study L^p properties of this transform and obtain entropy-entropy inequalities (Hirschman) and entropy-energy inequalities (log-Sobolev) that generalize the corresponding known results in the undeformed theory.Comment: 42 pages, 3 figure

Optical-NIR spectroscopy of the puzzling gamma-ray source 3FGL 1603.9-4903/PMN J1603-4904 with X-shooter

The Fermi/LAT instrument has detected about two thousands Extragalactic High Energy (E > 100 MeV) gamma-ray sources. One of the brightest is 3FGL 1603.9-4903, associated to the radio source PMN J1603-4904. Its nature is not yet clear, it could be either a very peculiar BL Lac or a CSO (Compact Symmetric Object) radio source, considered as the early stage of a radio galaxy. The latter, if confirmed, would be the first detection in gamma-rays for this class of objects. Recently a redshift z=0.18 +/- 0.01 has been claimed on the basis of the detection of a single X-ray line at 5.44 +/- 0.05 keV interpreted as a 6.4 keV (rest frame) fluorescent line. We aim to investigate the nature of 3FGL 1603.9-4903/PMN J1603-4904 using optical to NIR spectroscopy. We observed PMN J1603-4904 with the UV-NIR VLT/X-shooter spectrograph for two hours. We extracted spectra in the VIS and NIR range that we calibrated in flux and corrected for telluric absorption and we systematically searched for absorption and emission features. The source was detected starting from ~6300 Ang down to 24000 Ang with an intensity comparable to the one of its 2MASS counterpart and a mostly featureless spectrum. The continuum lacks absorption features and thus is non-stellar in origin and likely non-thermal. On top of this spectrum we detected three emission lines that we interpret as the Halpha-[NII] complex, the [SII] 6716,6731 doublet and the [SIII] 9530 line, obtaining a redshift estimate of z= 0.2321 +/- 0.0004. The equivalent width of the Halpha-[NII] complex implies that PMN J1603-4904 does not follow the observational definition of BL Lac, the line ratios suggest that a LINER/Seyfert nucleus is powering the emission. This new redshift measurement implies that the X-ray line previously detected should be interpreted as a 6.7 keV line which is very peculiar.Comment: Published in Astronomy and Astrophysic