Modeling population dynamics of Anoda cristata in a glyphosate-resistant soybean crop under different management systems

ABSTRACT A computer simulation model was developed to describe Anoda cristata (L.) Schlecht seedbank dynamics in soybeans. The model considers different weed management strategies: absence of control, control with the recommended rate and with glyphosate at half the recommended rate, and two soybean row spacings (35 and 70 cm). The model was evaluated using data from previous experiments obtained for four consecutive years. The model accurately reproduced the seedbank dynamics. The seedbank decreased more in weed management strategies without seed production. In absence of control, the seedbank reached an equilibrium density. When seeds were produced every year, the model output was more sensitive to changes in the rate of predation; but without seed production, seed mortality was the most important process. Simulation demonstrated that long-term eradication may occur with continuous use of glyphosate at the recommended rate or with the combination of soybean at 35 cm between rows and glyphosate at half the recommended rate

INFLUENCIA DE ALGUNOS MACROELEMENTOS (P,K,N) y DE ELEMENTOS OLIGODINAMICOS, SUMINISTRADOS POR RIEGO Y POR ASPERSION, EN EL RINDE Y CONTENIDO DE SACAROS_\ EN LA CAÑA DE AZUCAR

Se estudió el efecto que produce en el rinde y en el contenido de sacarosa elementos suministrados por riego y por aspersión. Se observó que el riego de las estacas con las soluciones, realizado en el momento de la plantación, no dio resultados positivos en el aumento del contenido de sacarosa, mientras que la aplicación de dos aspersiones, la primera realizada despUÉS del macollaje, y la segunda aproximadamente un mes antes de la cosecha, utilizando soluciones de CuS04 y ZnS04 en concentraciones de 0,005 %, dio resultados promisorios

Il contributo dei batteri lattici per la presenza di melatonina nel vino rosso

La melatonina (MEL) è un'indolammina implicata nella regolazione dei cicli circadiani e che possiede attività antiossidante. La presenza di MEL è stata dimostrata nelle piante e negli alimenti con particolare attenzione agli alimenti e bevande fermentati, tra cui il vino. L'uva è una fonte di MEL e nel vino l'attività metabolica del lievito svolge un ruolo cruciale per la produzione di MEL. È stato recentemente suggerito che anche i batteri lattici (LAB) posseggano tale abilità. In questo studio è stata indagata la sintesi di MEL da parte dei LAB in condizioni enologiche e di laboratorio. Sono stati analizzati 8 vini rossi prodotti su scala industriale in 4 cantine. Inoltre, 11 ceppi di LAB sono stati inoculati in terreno sintetico simil-vino. Dai risultati ottenuti è emerso che nei vini prodotti in due delle quattro cantine è stato osservato un aumento di MEL al termine della fermentazione malolattica. Tutti i ceppi oggetto dello studio hanno prodotto MEL in condizioni di laboratorio in quantità variabile a seconda del ceppo. I risultati mettono in evidenza per la prima volta che i LAB sono capaci di rilasciare MEL sia in condizioni di laboratorio che nel vino prodotto industrialmente. The contribution of lactic bacteria on melatonin in red win

Il contributo dei batteri lattici per la presenza di melatonina nel vino rosso

La melatonina (MEL) e un\u2019indolammina implicata nella regolazione dei cicli circadiani e che ` possiede attivita antiossidante. La presenza di MEL ` e stata dimostrata nelle piante e negli alimenti con ` particolare attenzione agli alimenti e bevande fermentati, tra cui il vino. L\u2019uva e una fonte di MEL e nel ` vino l\u2019attivita metabolica del lievito svolge un ruolo cruciale per la produzione di MEL. ` E stato recentemente ` suggerito che anche i batteri lattici (LAB) posseggano tale abilita. In questo studio ` e stata indagata la sintesi ` di MEL da parte dei LAB in condizioni enologiche e di laboratorio. Sono stati analizzati 8 vini rossi prodotti su scala industriale in 4 cantine. Inoltre, 11 ceppi di LAB sono stati inoculati in terreno sintetico simil-vino. Dai risultati ottenuti e emerso che nei vini prodotti in due delle quattro cantine ` e stato osservato un aumento ` di MEL al termine della fermentazione malolattica. Tutti i ceppi oggetto dello studio hanno prodotto MEL in condizioni di laboratorio in quantita variabile a seconda del ceppo. I risultati mettono in evidenza per la ` prima volta che i LAB sono capaci di rilasciare MEL sia in condizioni di laboratorio che nel vino prodotto industrialmente.Melatonin (MEL) is an indolamine regulating the circadian rhythms and acting as antioxidant. The presence of MEL has been evidenced in plants and foods with particular attention to fermented foods and beverages, such as wine. Grape is a source of MEL and in wine the metabolic activity of yeast is crucial for MEL production. It has been recently suggested that the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have also this ability. In this study, the LAB-mediated production of MEL was investigated in both oenological and laboratory conditions. For this purpose, 8 red wines produced in industrial scale in 4 wineries were analysed. Moreover, 11 LAB strains were inoculated in synthetic-wine, a synthetic medium. The results showed that the concentrations of MEL increased in the wines produced in two out of four wineries at the end of the malolactic fermentation. All the investigated strains produced MEL in laboratory conditions at different levels depending to the strain itself. Our results highlighted for the first time the LABs are able to synthetize MEL in both oenological and laboratory conditions

Assessment of tryptophan, tryptophan ethylester, and melatonin derivatives in red wine by SPE-HPLC-FL and SPE-HPLC-MS methods

Melatonin (MEL) is an indoleamine produced mainly by the pineal gland in vertebrates. It plays a significant role in the regulation of circadian rhythms, mitigation of sleeping disorders, and jet lag. This compound is synthetized from tryptophan (TRP) and it has been found in seeds, fruits, and fermented beverages, including wine. Wine is also a source of other tryptophan derivatives, the tryptophan ethylester (TEE) and MEL isomers (MISs), for which the biological properties need to be elucidated. An analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of TRP, TEE, and MEL was developed by a Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) of a preconcentration of wine followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis either with fluorescence or mass spectrometer detectors. The analytical method showed a relative standard deviation (RSD) lower than 8%, except for TRP (RSD 10.5% in wine). The recovery was higher than 76%. The versatility of SPE preconcentrations allowed for the adequate preconcentration of wine sample as well as detection of low concentrations, an important aspect especially for MEL (detection limit 0.0023 \ub5g/L). The proposed method proved to be suitable for assessing the investigated compounds in some red wine samples, where 74.4-256.2 \ub5g/L and 0.038-0.063 \ub5g/L of TEE and MEL were detected, respectively. Five MISs were also found in wine samples in concentrations up to 1.97 \ub5g/L

Coordinated effects of sequence variation on DNA binding, chromatin structure, and transcription.

DNA sequence variation has been associated with quantitative changes in molecular phenotypes such as gene expression, but its impact on chromatin states is poorly characterized. To understand the interplay between chromatin and genetic control of gene regulation, we quantified allelic variability in transcription factor binding, histone modifications, and gene expression within humans. We found abundant allelic specificity in chromatin and extensive local, short-range, and long-range allelic coordination among the studied molecular phenotypes. We observed genetic influence on most of these phenotypes, with histone modifications exhibiting strong context-dependent behavior. Our results implicate transcription factors as primary mediators of sequence-specific regulation of gene expression programs, with histone modifications frequently reflecting the primary regulatory event

Fine-mapping of 5q12.1-13.3 unveils new genetic contributors to caries

Caries is a multifactorial disease and little is still known about the host genetic factors influencing susceptibility. Our previous genome-wide linkage scan has identified the interval 5q12.1–5q13.3 as linked to low caries susceptibility in Filipino families. Here we fine-mapped this region in order to identify genetic contributors to caries susceptibility. Four hundred and seventy-seven subjects from 72 pedigrees with similar cultural and behavioral habits and limited access to dental care living in the Philippines were studied. DMFT scores and genotype data of 75 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were evaluated in the Filipino families with the Family-Based Association Test. For replication purposes, a total 1,467 independent subjects from five different populations were analyzed in a case-control format. In the Filipino cohort, statistically significant and borderline associations were found between low caries experience and four genes spanning 13 million base pairs (PART1, ZSWIM6, CCNB1, and BTF3). We were able to replicate these results in some of the populations studied. We detected PART1 and BTF3 expression in whole saliva, and the expression of BTF3 was associated with caries experience. Our results suggest BTF3 may have a functional role in protecting against caries.Fil: Shimizu, T.. Nihon University of Dentistry; JapónFil: Deeley, K.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Briseño Ruiz, J.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Faraco Junior, I. M.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Poletta, Fernando Adrián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno". CEMIC-CONICET.; ArgentinaFil: Brancher, J. A.. Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná; BrasilFil: Pecharki, G. D.. Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná; BrasilFil: Küchler, E. C.. Universidade Federal Fluminense; BrasilFil: Tannure, P. N.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Lips, A.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Vieira, T. C. S.. Universidade Federal Fluminense; BrasilFil: Patir, A.. Istanbul Medipol Universit; TurquíaFil: Yildirim, M.. Istanbul University; TurquíaFil: Mereb, J. C.. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas “Norberto Quirno”; ArgentinaFil: Resick, J. M.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Brandon, C. A.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Cooper, M. E.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Seymen, F.. Istanbul University; TurquíaFil: Costa, M. C.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Granjeiro, J. M.. Universidade Federal Fluminense; BrasilFil: Trevilatto, P. C.. Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná; BrasilFil: Orioli, I. M.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas “Norberto Quirno”; ArgentinaFil: Castilla, Eduardo Enrique. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno". CEMIC-CONICET.; ArgentinaFil: Marazita, M. L.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Vieira, A. R.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados Unido

Polymorphisms in the genes coding for iron binding and transporting proteins are associated with disability, severity, and early progression in multiple sclerosis

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Iron involvement/imbalance is strongly suspected in multiple sclerosis (MS) etiopathogenesis, but its role is quite debated. Iron deposits encircle the veins in brain MS lesions, increasing local metal concentrations in brain parenchyma as documented by magnetic resonance imaging and histochemical studies. Conversely, systemic iron overload is not always observed. We explored the role of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the main iron homeostasis genes in MS patients. METHODS: By the pyrosequencing technique, we investigated 414 MS cases [Relapsing-remitting (RR), n=273; Progressive, n=141, of which: Secondary (SP), n=103 and Primary (PP), n=38], and 414 matched healthy controls. Five SNPs in 4 genes were assessed: hemochromatosis (HFE: C282Y, H63D), ferroportin (FPN1: -8CG), hepcidin (HEPC: -582AG), and transferrin (TF: P570S). RESULTS: The FPN1-8GG genotype was overrepresented in the whole MS population (OR=4.38; 95%CI, 1.89-10.1; P<0.0001) and a similar risk was found among patients with progressive forms. Conversely, the HEPC -582GG genotype was overrepresented only in progressive forms (OR=2.53; 95%CI, 1.34-4.78; P=0.006) so that SP and PP versus RR yielded significant outputs (P=0.009). For almost all SNPs, MS disability score (EDSS), severity score (MSSS), as well as progression index (PI) showed a significant increase when comparing homozygotes versus individuals carrying other genotypes: HEPC -582GG (EDSS, 4.24+/-2.87 vs 2.78+/-2.1; P=0.003; MSSS, 5.6+/-3.06 vs 3.79+/-2.6; P=0.001); FPN1-8GG (PI, 1.11+/-2.01 vs 0.6+/-1.31; P=0.01; MSSS, 5.08+/-2.98 vs 3.85+/-2.8; P=0.01); HFE 63DD (PI, 1.63+/-2.6 vs 0.6+/-0.86; P=0.009). Finally, HEPC -582G-carriers had a significantly higher chance to switch into the progressive form (HR=3.55; 1.83-6.84; log-rank P=0.00006). CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphisms in the genes coding for iron binding and transporting proteins, in the presence of local iron overload, might be responsible for suboptimal iron handling. This might account for the significant variability peculiar to MS phenotypes, particularly affecting MS risk and progression paving the way for personalized pharmacogenetic applications in the clinical practice

Allostery in Its Many Disguises: From Theory to Applications.

Allosteric regulation plays an important role in many biological processes, such as signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and metabolism. Allostery is rooted in the fundamental physical properties of macromolecular systems, but its underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. A collection of contributions to a recent interdisciplinary CECAM (Center Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire) workshop is used here to provide an overview of the progress and remaining limitations in the understanding of the mechanistic foundations of allostery gained from computational and experimental analyses of real protein systems and model systems. The main conceptual frameworks instrumental in driving the field are discussed. We illustrate the role of these frameworks in illuminating molecular mechanisms and explaining cellular processes, and describe some of their promising practical applications in engineering molecular sensors and informing drug design efforts