Geoantineutrino Spectrum, 3He/4He-ratio Distribution in the Earth's Interior and Slow Nuclear Burning on the Boundary of the Liquid and Solid Phases of the Earth's Core

The description problem of geoantineutrino spectrum and reactor antineutrino experimental spectrum in KamLAND, which takes place for antineutrino energy \~2.8 MeV, and also the experimental results of the interaction of uranium dioxide and carbide with iron-nickel and silicaalumina melts at high pressure (5-10 GP?) and temperature (1600-2200C) have motivated us to consider the possible consequences of the assumption made by V.Anisichkin and coauthors that there is an actinid shell on boundary of liquid and solid phases of the Earth's core. We have shown that the activation of a natural nuclear reactor operating as the solitary waves of nuclear burning in 238U- and/or 232Th-medium (in particular, the neutron- fission progressive wave of Feoktistov and/or Teller-Ishikawa-Wood) can be such a physical consequence. The simplified model of the kinetics of accumulation and burnup in U-Pu fuel cycle of Feoktistov is developed. The results of the numerical simulation of neutron-fission wave in two-phase UO2/Fe medium on a surface of the Earth's solid core are presented. The georeactor model of 3He origin and the 3He/4He-ratio distribution in the Earth's interior is offered. It is shown that the 3He/4He ratio distribution can be the natural quantitative criterion of georeactor thermal power. On the basis of O'Nions-Evensen-Hamilton geochemical model of mantle differentiation and the crust growth supplied by actinid shell on the boundary of liquid and solid phases of the Earth's core as a nuclear energy source (georeactor with power of 30 TW), the tentative estimation of geoantineutrino intensity and geoantineutrino spectrum on the Earth surface are given.Comment: 28 pages, 12 figures. Added text, formulas, figures and references. Corrected equations. Changed content of some section

Novel selective antagonist radioligands for the pharmacological study of A2B adenosine receptors

The adenosine A2B receptor is the least well characterized of the four adenosine subtypes due to the lack of potent and selective agonists and antagonists. Despite the widespread distribution of A2B receptor mRNA, little information is available with regard to their function. The characterization of A2B receptors, through radioligand binding studies, has been performed, until now, by using low-affinity and non-selective antagonists like 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine ([3H]DPCPX),(4-(2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo-[2,3-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-ylamino]ethyl)-phenol ([3H]ZM 241385) and 3-(3,4-aminobenzyl)-8-(4-oxyacetate)phenyl-1-propyl-xanthine ([125I]ABOPX). Recently, high-affinity radioligands for A2B receptors, [N-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-[4-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-2,6-dioxo-1,3-dipropyl-1H-purin-8-yl)-phenoxy]acetamide ([3H]MRS 1754), N-(2-(2-Phenyl-6-[4-(2,2,3,3-tetratritrio-3-phenylpropyl)-piperazine-1-carbonyl]-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-ethyl)-acetamide ([3H]OSIP339391) and N-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-2-[5-(1,3-dipropyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purin-8-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yloxy]-acetamide] ([3H]MRE 2029F20), have been introduced. This minireview offers an overview of these recently developed radioligands and the most important applications of drugs towards A2B receptors

Prostacyclin reverses platelet stress fibre formation causing platelet aggregate instability

Prostacyclin (PGI2) modulates platelet activation to regulate haemostasis. Evidence has emerged to suggest that thrombi are dynamic structures with distinct areas of differing platelet activation. It was hypothesised that PGI2 could reverse platelet spreading by actin cytoskeletal modulation, leading to reduced capability of platelet aggregates to withstand a high shear environment. Our data demonstrates that post-flow of PGI2 over activated and spread platelets on fibrinogen, identified a significant reduction in platelet surface area under high shear. Exploration of the molecular mechanisms underpinning this effect revealed that PGI2 reversed stress fibre formation in adherent platelets, reduced platelet spreading, whilst simultaneously promoting actin nodule formation. The effects of PGI2 on stress fibres were mimicked by the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin and prevented by inhibitors of protein kinase A (PKA). Stress fibre formation is a RhoA dependent process and we found that treatment of adherent platelets with PGI2 caused inhibitory phosphorylation of RhoA, reduced RhoA GTP-loading and reversal of myosin light chain phosphorylation. Phospho-RhoA was localised in actin nodules with PKA type II and a number of other phosphorylated PKA substrates. This study demonstrates that PGI2 can reverse key platelet functions after their initial activation and identifies a novel mechanism for controlling thrombosis

Oil generation potential of the Permian deposits of Tatarstan based on the content, structure and thermal stability of organic matter in rocks

© SGEM2016.With the use of thermal analysis and Rock-Eval, as well as on the basis of changes in the content and features of the group and the hydrocarbon composition of organic matter in samples of oil and bitumen-containing rocks of Permian deposits in Tatarstan, according to their mineral composition, evaluated the types of hydrocarbon fluids and oil generation potential of the rocks

New 2,6,9-trisubstituted adenines as adenosine receptor antagonists: a preliminary SAR profile

A new series of 2,6,9-trisubstituted adenines (5–14) have been prepared and evaluated in radioligand binding studies for their affinity at the human A1, A2A and A3 adenosine receptors and in adenylyl cyclase experiments for their potency at the human A2B subtype. From this preliminary study the conclusion can be drawn that introduction of bulky chains at the N6 position of 9-propyladenine significantly increased binding affinity at the human A1 and A3 adenosine receptors, while the presence of a chlorine atom at the 2 position resulted in a not univocal effect, depending on the receptor subtype and/or on the substituent present in the N6 position. However, in all cases, the presence in the 2 position of a chlorine atom favoured the interaction with the A2A subtype. These results demonstrated that, although the synthesized compounds were found to be quite inactive at the human A2B subtype, adenine is a useful template for further development of simplified adenosine receptor antagonists with distinct receptor selectivity profiles

Aquathermolysis of High-Viscosity Oil in the Presence of an Oil-Soluble Iron-Based Catalyst

© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. A synthetic oil-soluble iron-based catalyst was studied experimentally. A physical model of the catalytic transformation of high-viscosity oil at 200°C was developed. The composition and physicochemical and rheological characteristics of the thermocatalysis products were studied. IR spectroscopy found that the compositions of individual fractions changed. It was shown that the fraction of high-molecular-mass components could be substantially reduced by using the synthetic catalyst in combination with a hydrogen donor. This reduced the viscosity and; therefore, increased the degree of oil extraction

Adenosine A2A receptors: localization and function

Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside present in all mammalian tissues, that originates from the breakdown of ATP. By binding to its four receptor subtypes (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3), adenosine regulates several important physiological functions at both the central and peripheral levels. Therefore, ligands for the different adenosine receptors are attracting increasing attention as new potential drugs to be used in the treatment of several diseases. This chapter is aimed at providing an overview of adenosine metabolism, adenosine receptors localization and their signal transduction pathways. Particular attention will be paid to the biochemistry and pharmacology of A2A receptors, since antagonists of these receptors have emerged as promising new drugs for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The interactions of A2A receptors with other nonadenosinergic receptors, and the effects of the pharmacological manipulation of A2A receptors on different body organs will be discussed, together with the usefulness of A2A receptor antagonists for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and the potential adverse effects of these drugs

Conversion of Heavy Oil with Different Chemical Compositions under Catalytic Aquathermolysis with an Amphiphilic Fe-Co-Cu Catalyst and Kaolin

© 2018 American Chemical Society. The physical simulation of heavy oil catalytic aquathermolysis with different chemical compositions from deposits located in the Tatarstan Republic, Russia (Ekaterinovsky oil, B2 type, and Olimpiadovsky oil, A1 type), was designed. The catalytic aquathermolysis processes were conducted at a temperature of 300 °C in the presence of a rock-forming additive - kaolin (the content of montmorillonite was 44%), and catalysts composed of transition metal (Fe, Co, and Cu) carboxylates. The environment of the processes was a mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapor. The distinctive features of hydrothermal-catalytic conversion of various oil types are evaluated by fractional, structural-group, microelement compositions, and H:C ratio changes. These variations are due to initial properties of crude oils and the activation degree of destruction reactions on C-C, C-N, C-O, and C-S bonds leading to different levels of increase of saturated fractions content and decrease of resins and asphaltenes content in the products of experiments. By the thermal analysis method, the assessment of potential content of the oil on a solid sorbent before and after experiments was carried out. The high-molecular-weight components of the naphthene-aromatic B2 type oil revealed greater adsorption capacity to the rocks, in comparison with the oil of the A1 type. Therefore, the adsorption of catalyst components on rocks is also greater

Professional-Pedagogical Staff: New Training Techniques

The article deals with the issues of training professional and pedagogical personnel for the system of vocational education, analyzes the methods used to attract teaching staff in the USSR in the 1970s–1980s and in the system of intra-company corporate training in the modern period. Determining potential candidates for involvement in teaching activities in technical schools and colleges of the country, special emphasis is proposed to be placed on employees of industrial enterprises as well as winners and prizewinners of professional skills championships. The involvement of such categories of personnel requires the development of innovative education techniques that allow to eliminate professional deficits in the field of pedagogical and psychological knowledge effectively and in the shortest possible time. The personalized learning model is presented.Рассмотрены вопросы подготовки профессионально-педагогических кадров для системы профессионального образования, проанализированы используемые методы привлечения педагогического персонала в СССР в 1970–1980 гг. и в системе внутрифирменного корпоративного обучения в современный период. При определении потенциальных кандидатов для привлечения к педагогической деятельности в техникумах и колледжах страны особый акцент предлагается делать на работников производственных предприятий, а также победителей и призеров чемпионатов по профессиональному мастерству. Обозначена проблема привлечения таких категорий работников, требующая разработки инновационных образовательных технологий, которые позволяют эффективно и в максимально короткие сроки устранят профессиональные дефициты в области педагогического и психологического знания. Приведена модель персонализированного обучения