451 research outputs found

    Variations in agronomic and grain quality traits of rice grown under irrigated lowland conditions in West Africa

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    Rice breeding in West Africa has been largely skewed toward yield enhancement and stress tolerance. This has led to the variable grain quality of locally produced rice in the region. This study sought to assess variations in the agronomic and grain quality traits of some rice varieties grown in this region, with a view to identifying sources of high grain yield and quality that could serve as potential donors in their breeding programs. Forty‐five varieties were grown under irrigated conditions in Benin and Senegal with two trials in each country. There were wide variations in agronomic and grain quality traits among the varieties across the trials. Cluster analysis using paddy yield, head rice yield, and chalkiness revealed that 68% of the total variation could be explained by five varietal groupings. One group comprising seven varieties (Afrihikari, BG90‐2, IR64, Sahel 108, WAT311‐WAS‐B‐B‐23‐7‐1, WAT339‐TGR‐5‐2, and WITA 10) had high head rice yield and low chalkiness. Of the varieties in this group, Sahel 108 had the highest paddy yield in three of the four trials. IR64 and Afrihikari had intermediate and low amylose content, respectively, with the rest being high‐amylose varieties. Another group of varieties consisting of B6144F‐MR‐6‐0‐0, C74, IR31851‐96‐2‐3‐2‐1, ITA222, Jaya, Sahel 305, WITA 1, and WITA 2 had high paddy yield but poor head rice yield and chalkiness. The use of materials from these two groups of varieties could accelerate breeding for high yielding rice varieties with better grain quality for local production in West Africa

    PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA HAK GUNA USAHA ANTARA MASYARAKAT DESA CIMASKARA KECAMATAN CIBINONG KABUPATEN CIANJUR DENGAN BADAN USAHA MILIK NEGARA

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    Negara republik Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki tujuan untuk memebrikan kesejahteraan kepada masyarkat, salah satu bentuk pengimplementasian untuk memberikan kesejahteraan kepada masyarakat adalah dengan memberlakukan peraturan yang terkait dengan masalah pertanahan. Salah satu hal yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Pokok-Pokok Agraria adalah hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan Hak Guna Usaha. Pemberian Hak Guna Usaha memiliki tujuan agar sebidang tanah yang dimiliki oleh negara dapat lebih produktif, namun dalam realitanya Pemberian Hak Guna Usaha oleh pemerintah Kepada Badan usaha Milik Negara seringkali menimbulkan Konflik dengan masyarakat setempat apabila tanah yang menjadi objek Hak Guna Usaha tersebut ditelantarkan oleh BUMN. Hal inilah yang terjadi di Desa Cimaskara Kecamatan Cibinong Kabupaten Cianjur Jawa Barat. Metode yang penulis gunakan dalam penelitian inia dalah metode deskriptif analisis dan metode pendekatannya menggunakan yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian yang penulis dapatkan adalah bahwa ada beberapa mekanisme yang dapat ditempuh oleh masyarkat terkait sengketa Hak Guna Usaha dengan BUMN yaitu dengan melakukan gugatan ke pengadilan atau dengan mengajukan Pembatalan HGU kepada Badan Pertanahan Nasional kemudian apabila HGU yang dipegang oleh BUMN tersebut ditelantarkan maka HGU atas tanah dapat dicabut

    Principal components analysis and age at harvest effect on quality of gari from four elite cassava varieties in Ghana

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    Four elite cassava varieties in Ghana released under the local names Afisiafi, Tekbankye, Abasafitaa and Gblemoduade were planted in June and harvested the following year at 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15months after planting, and processed into gari. The effect that age at harvest had on selected physicochemical properties indicative of gari quality was studied in the four varieties. The parameters studied include moisture content, ash, pH, titratable acidity (% lactic acid), crude fibre, swelling capacity and yield. Moisture was between 9.54 - 11.57% while ash was between 0.88 - 1.39%. Titratable acidity was between 0.85 - 1.62% while pH ranged between 3.58 and 4.21. Swelling capacity was slightly below 3 while yield ranged between 12 and 26%. The four principal components identified were dry matter, extent of fermentation, starch content and elemental composition of the gari. Age at harvestsignificantly affected (p < 0.05) moisture, pH and bulk density of the gari samples. Varietal effect was not significant

    Maternal-fetal prognosis of obstetric emergencies at the maternity ward of the Mamou regional hospital

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    Background: Pregnant women may be at risk of unpredictable obstetric complications such as: bleeding, dystocia, acute fetal suffering, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. This maternal-fetal prognosis of obstetric emergencies is influenced by factors that are most often related to complications that alter the course or outcome of a pregnancy and require prompt care. The objectives of this study are to analyze the factors that influence the maternal-fetal prognosis of obstetric emergencies; determine their frequency, describe the clinical profiles of patients and evaluate the maternal-fetal prognosis.Methods: The study was conducted at the Mamou Regional Hospital. It was a 6-month quantitative, descriptive and analytical study, from July 1st to December 31st, 2016, including all parturient women whose term is greater than or equal to 28 weeks of amenorrhoea.Results: The study covered 377 obstetric emergencies out of a total of 1273 deliveries, or 29.61%. Factors influencing the prognosis were: young age, parity, unfavorable socio-economic conditions and difficult baseline conditions. The main obstetric emergencies recorded were acute fetal suffering, disproportion and narrowed pelvis. The dominant mode of delivery was caesarean section with a frequency of 89.65%. Maternal lethality is 3.44% and fetal lethality is 5.14%.Conclusions: Obstetric emergency is a frequent situation where better management would improve the prognosis of the mother and fetus

    The gravity duals of SO/USp superconformal quivers

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    We study the gravity duals of SO/USp superconformal quiver gauge theories realized by M5-branes wrapping on a Riemann surface ("G-curve") together with a Z_2-quotient. When the G-curve has no punctures, the gravity solutions are classified by the genus g of the G-curve and the torsion part of the four-form flux G_4. We also find that there is an interesting relation between anomaly contributions from two mysterious theories: T_{SO(2N)} theory with SO(2N)^3 flavor symmetry and \tilde{T}_{SO(2N)} theory with SO(2N) x USp(2N-2)^2 flavor symmetry. The dual gravity solutions for various SO/USp-type tails are also studied.Comment: 27 pages, 13 figures; v2 minor corrections, typos corrected, Figure 13 replaced, references adde

    Vulnérabilité des troupeaux transhumants aux mutations climatiques : analyse des perceptions et adaptations locales dans le bassin de la Sota à Malanville

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    L’élevage bovin occupe une place importante parmi les activitĂ©s des populations du Nord-Est du BĂ©nin. Cette activitĂ© est trĂšs vulnĂ©rable aux mutations climatiques dans le bassin de la Sota Ă  Malanville situĂ© Ă  l’extrĂȘme Nord-Est du BĂ©nin. La prĂ©sente recherche vise, d’une part, Ă  apprĂ©hender, les perceptions des agro-Ă©leveurs et des Ă©leveurs sur les mutations climatiques et Ă  analyser, d’autre part, leurs stratĂ©gies pour y faire face. Les donnĂ©es sur les perceptions et les stratĂ©gies d’adaptation ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es au moyen d’enquĂȘtes faites par entretiens, focus groupes et questionnaires dans cinq (5) villages choisis de maniĂšre alĂ©atoire. Le calcul du taux moyen de rĂ©ponse et l’analyse en composantes principales ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s pour analyser ces donnĂ©es. Les rĂ©sultats montrent une grande similitude des manifestations des mutations climatiques perçues par les agro-Ă©leveurs et Ă©leveurs. Les manifestations les plus citĂ©es sont: la hausse des tempĂ©ratures (citĂ©e par 99,16% des agro-Ă©leveurs et 100% des Ă©leveurs), les poches de sĂ©cheresse prolongĂ©e (citĂ©e par 67,5% des agro-Ă©leveurs et 91,66% des Ă©leveurs), les vents forts et violents (citĂ©e par 70% des agro-Ă©leveurs et 87,08% des Ă©leveurs). Pour ce qui concerne les effets des mutations climatiques, les agro-Ă©leveurs et les Ă©leveurs en perçoivent respectivement 9 et 11.Pour les premiers, les effets les plus marquants sont l’assĂšchement des points d’eau (80%), l’amenuisement du disponible fourrager (71,42%), la contamination et le comblement des points d’eau (65%). Pour les seconds, ce sont: l’amenuisement du disponible fourrager (96,66%), la contamination et le comblement des points d’eau (92,50%), l’assĂšchement prĂ©coce des points d'eau (91,50%), l’affaiblissement des animaux (57,50%), l’amaigrissement des animaux (56,66%). En rĂ©ponse Ă  cette instabilitĂ© du climat et ses effets, les agro-Ă©leveurs et les Ă©leveurs ont dĂ©veloppĂ© des stratĂ©gies dont les principales (communes aux deux groupes socio-professionnels) sont : le respect des campagnes de vaccination (citĂ©e par 85% des agro-Ă©leveurs et 97,50% des Ă©leveurs), l’abreuvement au fleuve ou Ă  la riviĂšre (citĂ©e par 37,50% des agro-Ă©leveurs et 55% des Ă©leveurs), la mobilitĂ© spatiale (citĂ©e par 59,50% des agro-Ă©leveurs et 55% des Ă©leveurs). Les rĂ©sultats du test de Mann Whitney indiquent une diffĂ©rence significative de perception au seuil de 5% pour les effets, manifestations et stratĂ©gies communs aux deux groupes socioprofessionnelsMots-clĂ©s: mutations climatiques, perceptions et stratĂ©gies d’adaptation, agro-Ă©leveurs et Ă©leveurs, vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©, bassin de la Sota, Malanville. Vulnerability of transhumant herds to the climatic mutations: analysis of the perceptions and local adaptations in the watershed of Sota at MalanvilleThe bovine breeding occupies a significant place among the activities of the populations of the North-East of the Benin. This activity is very vulnerable to the climatic mutations in the watershed of Sota at Malanville located at the far North-East of Benin. This research aims, on the one hand, to understand the perceptions of the agro-pastoralists and the stockbreeders on the climatic mutations and, on the other hand, to analyze the strategies implemented by them to face there. The data on perceptions and the strategies of adaptation of the agro-pastoralists and the stockbreeders were collected using interviews, focus groups and questionnaires in five (5) villages randomly selected. The calculation of the response rate and the analysis in principal components were used to analyze the data. The results show a great similarity of the manifestations of the climatic mutations perceived by the agro-pastoralists and the stockbreeders. The most quoted manifestations are: the temperatures increase (quoted by 99.16% of the agro-pastoralists and 100% of the stockbreeders), prolonged dry spells (quoted by 67.5% of the agro-pastoralists and 91.66% of the stockbreeders), strong and violent winds (quoted by 70% of the agro-pastoralists and 87.08% of the stockbreeders). Concerning the effects of climatic mutations, the agro-pastoralists and the stockbreeders perceive respectively 9 and 11.For the firsts, the most significant effects are the drying up of the water points (80%), the dwindling of available forage (71.42%), the contamination and the filling of the water points (65%). For the seconds the main effects are: the dwindling of available forage (96.66%), the contamination and the filling of the water points (92.50%), premature drying up of the water points (91.50%), the weakening of the animals (57.50%), the slimming of the animals (56,66%). In response to this instability of the climate and its effects, the agro-pastoralists and the stockbreeders developed strategies. The main common strategies are: the respect of the vaccination campaigns (quoted by 85% of the agro-pastoralists and 97.50% of the stockbreeders), watering at the river (quoted by 37.50% of the agro-pastoralists and 55% of the stockbreeders) and spatial mobility (quoted by 59.50% of the agro-pastoralists and 55% of the stockbreeders). The results of the Mann Whitney test indicated a significant difference in perception threshold of 5% for effects, manifestations and strategies common to both socio professional groups.Keywords: climatic mutations, perceptions and strategies of adaptation, agro-pastoralists, stockbreeders, vulnerability, watershed of Sota, Malanville

    Aspects Epidemiologiques, Cliniques, et Prise en Charge Chiryrgivale des Fibromyomes Uterins au Service de Gynecologie -Obstetrique de l’Hopital National Ignace Deenchu de Conakry 2022

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    Introduction : L’objectif Ă©tait d’étudier les aspects Ă©pidĂ©miologiques, cliniques, et la prise en charge chirurgicale des fibromyomes utĂ©rins au service de gynĂ©cologie-obstĂ©trique de l’hĂŽpital national Ignace Deen du CHU de Conakry en 2022. MĂ©thodologie: Il s’agissait d’une Ă©tude descriptive transversale, allant du 1er Mai au 30 octobre 2022 soit une pĂ©riode de six (6) mois. Ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ© les variables Ă©pidĂ©miologiques, cliniques et la prise en charge. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es Ă  l’aide de la fiche d’enquĂȘte prĂ©Ă©tablie et prĂ©testĂ©e. Le logiciel SPSS version 21 a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ© pour l’analyse des donnĂ©es. RĂ©sultats : les interventions chirurgicales pour fibromyome utĂ©rin ont occupĂ© 55,47% (76/137) des activitĂ©s chirurgicales pour pathologie gynĂ©cologique. L’ñge moyen de nos patientes Ă©tait de 38,38 ±9 ans avec les extrĂȘmes 22 et 70 ans, la tranche d’ñge la plus reprĂ©sentĂ© Ă©tait celle de 31-39 ans avec la proportion de 43,40%. Les nullipares Ă©taient les plus reprĂ©sentĂ©es 48,68% (37/76). Il s’agissait des femmes non scolarisĂ©es 42,10% (32/76), en foyer 73,30% (56/76), exerçant une profession libĂ©rale 40,80% (31/76). Cliniquement, le volume utĂ©rin simulant une grossesse de 12- 20 SA Ă©tait le motif de consultation le plus reprĂ©sentĂ© 72,40% (55/76), puis la mĂ©norragie 28,53% (55/76), la classification de FIGO Ă  l’échographie a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e dans 9,21% (7/76). UtĂ©rus polymyomateux Ă©tait l’indication opĂ©ratoire la plus rependue 65,79% (50/76), le traitement conservateur (myomectomie) a Ă©tĂ© dans 64,47% (49/76) des cas, par contre le taux d’hystĂ©rectomie n’était pas nĂ©gligeable 35,52% (27/76) et les complications per opĂ©ratoires ont Ă©tĂ© marquĂ©es par l’hĂ©morragie (23,15%). Le nombre moyen de noyaux myomateux Ă©nuclĂ©Ă©s Ă©tait de 7.&nbsp; Il y a une effraction accidentelle de la cavitĂ© utĂ©rine chez 15 patientes (15,78%). L’anĂ©mie Ă©tait la complication post opĂ©ratoire immĂ©diate la plus frĂ©quente dans 5,26% (4/76) des cas et la transfusion sanguine a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e chez 43,40% de nos malades. Aucun dĂ©cĂšs n’a Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©. &nbsp;Conclusion : Le traitement conservateur pour la prise en charge du fibromyome utĂ©rin constitue une option salutaire pour les femmes en Ăąge de procrĂ©er. &nbsp; Introduction: This paper focuses on studying the epidemiological, clinical aspects, and surgical management of uterine fibromyomas in the Gynecology-Obstetrics Department of the Ignace Deen National Hospital of the Conakry University in 2022. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, running from May 1 to October 30, 2022, within a period of six (6) months. Epidemiological, clinical, and management variables were studied. The data was collected using the pre-established and pre-tested survey form. SPSS version 21 software was used for data analysis. Results: Surgical interventions for uterine fibromyoma occupied 55.47% (76/137) of surgical activities for gynecological pathology. The average age of our patients was 38.38 ±9 years with the extremes of 22 and 70 years. The most represented age group was that of 31-39 years with the proportion of 43.40%. Nulliparous women were the most represented (48.68% (37/76)). These women were not in school (42.10% (32/76)), in households (73.30% (56/76)), and exercising a liberal profession (40.80% (31/76)). Clinically, the uterine volume simulating a pregnancy of 12-20 weeks was the most represented reason for consultation (72.40% (55/76)), which is followed by menorrhagia (28.53% (55/76)). The FIGO classification at Ultrasound was performed in 9.21% (7/76). Polymyomatous uterus was the most common operative indication (65.79% (50/76)), while conservative treatment (myomectomy) was in 64.47% (49/76) of cases. On the other hand, the rate of hysterectomy was not negligible (35.52% (27/76)) and intraoperative complications were marked by hemorrhage (23.15%). The average number of enucleated myomatous nuclei was 7. There was an accidental break-in of the uterine cavity in 15 patients (15.78%). Anemia was the most frequent immediate postoperative complication in 5.26% (4/76) of cases, and blood transfusion was performed in 43.40% of our patients. No deaths were recorded. Conclusion: Conservative treatment for the management of uterine fibromyoma constitutes a beneficial option for women of childbearing age

    DIFFICULTÉS DE LA PARTICIPATION EN RECHERCHE- ACTION : retour d'expĂ©riences de modĂ©lisation d'accompagnement en appui Ă  l'amĂ©nagement du territoire au SĂ©nĂ©gal et Ă  la RĂ©union

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    International audienceComment aider les institutions et acteurs locaux à investir davantage les processus d'affectation des terres pour aménager leur territoire ? La décentralisation de l'aménagement du territoire engagée à la Réunion et au Sénégal est inachevée. Malgré l'arsenal législatif, les populations locales semblent peu impliquées dans les décisions les concernant en raison notamment de la difficulté à appréhender la complexité des systÚmes d'interactions entre dynamiques sociales et environnementales. Le projet Domino vise à accompagner les processus de décision en proposant aux acteurs de construire et d'explorer des scenarii prospectifs d'affectation des terres. Cette expérience de modélisation participative repose sur une dynamique partenariale complexe sur chaque terrain, source de difficultés. Conscients des dérives potentielles, nous discutons la nécessité de construire une démarche qualité de notre recherche-action. Mots clés : montage de partenariat, démarche qualité, modÚle, changement social, ComMod, interdisciplinarité, décentralisation, foncier, Sénégal, Réunio
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