Advanced Electrodes for Solid Acid Fuel Cells by Platinum Deposition on CsH_(2)PO_4

We demonstrate cathodes for solid acid fuel cells fabricated by vapor deposition of platinum from the metalorganic precursor Pt(acac)_2 on the solid acid CsH_(2)PO_4 at 210 °C. A network of platinum nanoparticles with diameters of 2−4 nm serves as both the oxygen reduction catalyst and the electronic conductor in the electrode. Electrodes with a platinum content of 1.75 mg/cm^2 are more active for oxygen reduction than previously reported electrodes with a platinum content of 7.5 mg/cm^2. Electrodes containing <1.75 mg/cm^2 of platinum show significantly reduced catalytic activity and increased ohmic resistance indicative of a highly discontinuous catalytic-electronic platinum network

Effect of textured soy protein and tomato pulp on chemical, physical and sensory properties of ground chicken döner kebab

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of textured soy protein, tomato pulp and their combination on inhibition of lipid oxidation which affects the shelf life of meat products. In addition, microbiological, chemical, textural and sensory properties of döner kebab were determined in this study. According to the results of the study, cooking loss significantly decreased in döner kebab by using combination of textured soy protein and tomato pulp (P &lt; 0.05). It was determined that using tomato pulp was effective for controlling lipid oxidation in döner kebab during 10 days of storage at 4°C compared to other treatments (P &lt; 0.05). The results show that using textured soy protein with or without tomato pulp have effect on oxidation, pH, color values, texture, color intensity, firmness, juiciness and flavor properties of döner kebab compared to the control group. Although, all of döner kebab groups received high scores for the overall acceptability, döner kebabs manufactured with textured soy protein were the most preferred döner kebab group in terms of taste (P &lt; 0.05).Key words: Döner kebab, soy protein, tomato pulp

İndirekt Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ELISA ile Kayısı Yaprak Doku Diskierinde Plum Pox Potyvirus PPV 'nin Tanılanması

Plum Pox Potyvirus PPV ile enfekteli kay ı sı yapraklar ı ndan bir mantar delici yard ımı yla 2, 3.5, 5 ve 6 mm çapl ı diskler kesilmiştir. Bu farkl ı çaptaki yaprak diskleri ELISA tabakalar ı ndaki kuyucuklara 1, 2, 3 ve 4'er tane olacak şekilde konulmuştur.Denemede, PPV ile enfekteli yapraklar ı n belirtili ve belirtisiz dokular ı kullan ı lmıştı r. Çal ışmada diskler için 37° C'de 4 saat ve 4° C'de bir gece olmak üzere iki inkübasyon s ı cakl ı k derecesi kullan ı lmışt ı r. Yaprak disk say ı sı ve büyüklüğ ü artt ı kça absorbans değerinin de artt ığı gözlenmiştir. Dört saat 37° C'lik bir inkübasyon peryoduna b ı rakı lan disklerin absorbans de ğerleri bir gece 4° C'de b ı rakı lanlardan biraz daha yüksek olarak bulunmu ştur. Ayr ı ca, belirtili yerlerden al ı nan disklerin belirtisizlerinkinden daha yüksek absorbans de ğeri verdiğ i görülmüştür. Bütün koşullarda enfekteli disklerin absorbans de ğerleri sağl ı kl ı ları nkinden en az iki kat daha yüksek olmu ştu

PTPN22 gene polymorphism in Takayasu's arteritis

Objective. Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a chronic, rare granulomatous panarteritis of unknown aetiology involving mainly the aorta and its major branches. In this study, genetic susceptibility to TA has been investigated by screening the functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of PTPN22 gene encoding the lymphoid-specific protein tyrosine phosphatase. Methods. Totally, 181 patients with TA and 177 healthy controls are genotyped by PCR-RFLP method for the SNP rs2476601 (A/G) of PTPN22 gene. Polymorphic region was amplified by PCR and digested with Xcm I enzyme. Results. Detected frequencies of heterozygous genotype (AG) were 5.1% (9/177) in control group and 3.8% (7/181) in TA group (P = 0.61, odds ratio: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.3, 2.0). No association with angiographic type, vascular involvement or prognosis of TA was observed either. Conclusion. The distribution of PTPN22 polymorphism did not reveal any association with TA in Turkey. © The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved

Time-Dependent Vacuum Energy Induced by D-Particle Recoil

We consider cosmology in the framework of a `material reference system' of D particles, including the effects of quantum recoil induced by closed-string probe particles. We find a time-dependent contribution to the cosmological vacuum energy, which relaxes to zero as $\sim 1/ t^2$ for large times $t$. If this energy density is dominant, the Universe expands with a scale factor $R(t) \sim t^2$. We show that this possibility is compatible with recent observational constraints from high-redshift supernovae, and may also respect other phenomenological bounds on time variation in the vacuum energy imposed by early cosmology.Comment: 14 pages LATEX, no figure

Inhomogeneous Universe Models with Varying Cosmological Term

The evolution of a class of inhomogeneous spherically symmetric universe models possessing a varying cosmological term and a material fluid, with an adiabatic index either constant or not, is studied.Comment: 11 pages Latex. No figures. To be published in the GRG Journa

Beta, Dipole and Noncommutative Deformations of M-theory Backgrounds with One or More Parameters

We construct new M-theory solutions starting from those that contain 5 U(1) isometries. We do this by reducing along one of the 5-torus directions, then T-dualizing via the action of an O(4,4) matrix and lifting back to 11-dimensions. The particular T-duality transformation is a sequence of O(2,2) transformations embedded in O(4,4), where the action of each O(2,2) gives a Lunin-Maldacena deformation in 10-dimensions. We find general formulas for the metric and 4-form field of single and multiparameter deformed solutions, when the 4-form of the initial 11-dimensional background has at most one leg along the 5-torus. All the deformation terms in the new solutions are given in terms of subdeterminants of a 5x5 matrix, which represents the metric on the 5-torus. We apply these results to several M-theory backgrounds of the type AdS_r x X^{11-r}. By appropriate choices of the T-duality and reduction directions we obtain analogues of beta, dipole and noncommutative deformations. We also provide formulas for backgrounds with only 3 or 4 U(1) isometries and study a case, for which our assumption for the 4-form field is violated.Comment: v2:minor corrections, v3:small improvements, v4:conclusions expanded, to appear in Class. Quant. Gra

Flight-scheduling optimization and automation for AnadoluJet

AnadoluJet, a leading Turkish domestic airline carrier provides high-service, low-price flights to 28 locations within Turkey. Each winter and summer, AnadoluJet typically generates a new flight schedule. The company's primary scheduling concerns are aircraft fleet utilization and the waiting times of transfer passengers. Balancing the trade-off between these two criteria in a flight schedule is crucial for AnadoluJet's profitability. In this paper, we present the results of our study of AnadoluJet's flight-scheduling process. We provide a mathematical model that addresses this problem and then extend our studies and implement a heuristic algorithm for the development of a decision support system for the company. The objectives of the models we generated are to maximize fleet utilization, minimize waiting times for the majority of transfer passengers, and generate flight schedules subject to various constraints. The schedules that result from our models are superior to those that AnadoluJet's generated using its previous manual process. AnadoluJet currently uses our decision support system in its flight-scheduling process. © 2016 INFORMS

Instability of Acylcarnitines in Stored Dried Blood Spots:The Impact on Retrospective Analysis of Biomarkers for Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Stored dried blood spots (DBS) can provide valuable samples for the retrospective diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism, and for validation studies for newborn blood spot screening programs. Acylcarnitine species are subject to degradation upon long-term storage at room temperature, but limited data are available on the stability in original samples and the impact on acylcarnitine ratios. We analysed complete acylcarnitine profiles by flow-injection tandem mass spectrometry in 598 anonymous DBS stored from 2013 to 2017, at +4 degrees C during the first year and thereafter at room temperature. The concentrations of C2-, C3-, C4-, C5-, C6-, C8-, C10:1-, C10-, C12:1-, C12-, C14:1-, C14-, C16:1-, C16-, C18:2-, C18:1-, C18-, C5OH+C4DC-, C18:1OH-, and C16DC-carnitine decreased significantly, whereas a positive trend was found for free carnitine. Only the C4/C8-, C8/C10-, C14:1/C10- and C14:1/C16-carnitine ratios appeared robust for the metabolite instability. The metabolite instability may provoke the wrong interpretation of test results in the case of retrospective studies and risk the inaccurate estimation of cut-off targets in validation studies when only stored control DBS are used. We recommend including control DBS in diagnostic, retrospective cohort studies, and, for validation studies, we recommend using fresh samples and repeatedly re-evaluating cut-off targets