Notas y comentarios sobre proyecto de Ley que establece medidas contra la discriminación (número de Boletín 3815-07)

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo llevar a cabo un análisis del proyectode ley que pretende establecer medidas en contra de la discriminación.Este ya fue aprobado por la Cámara de Diputados y actualmente se encuentraen el Senado.En opinión de la autora, dicho proyecto de ley no solo vulnera el sentidoy alcance del artículo 19 Nº2 de la Constitución Política de la República, sinoque también podría tener determinados efectos, que en la práctica, desconoceríanlos valores y principios de la civilización cristiana occidental en loscuales se inspira nuestra Carta Fundamental

Argilominerales de rocas pelíticas devónicas del departamento Durazno, República Oriental del Uruguay

The clay mineral fraction « 4 ¡.Lm)of selected c!aystones belonging to the Cerrezuelo and the Cordobes Formation, devonian in age, has been studied sistematically in order to determine the day mineralogy and its physicochemical and technological properties. A saprolitizied material overlain by the Cerrezuelo Formation was also aualyzed with the purpose of determining the composition and possible relations to the studied sediments. SampUng was carried out on the pelitic sequences outcropping in Cerrezuelo and Paso Tejera localities, Departamento Durazno, Uruguay, corresponding te: the Geological Sheets Yi, Cerro Chato and Arroyo Cordobés, Iocated in the southern border of the Cuenca de Paraná. All the samples are basically kaolinitic associated, in some cases, with minor amounts of smectites and illite and very small quantities of quartz and feldspars. On rich kaolinite clays the structural ordering was determined founding that they belong to the First Type except one which belongs to the Fourth type. The Crystallinity Index varies from 0.90 to 1.20 which is consistent with tbe slructuraI msorder found through hidrazyne hidrate intercalation reactions. lIomoionization tests carried out Iay aside the presence of cblorite. Smectites present have been identified as montmorillonite and beidellite and Li tests would point out to high charge montmorillonite and Iow charge beidellite. Kaolinite is considered of detritaI origin, derived fram deeply weathered Inigmatic basament rocks, pointing out to deposition on passive margin coasts. Tbe presence of smectites may be due to the argillogenesis of basic bodies in tbe basemenj: rocles (saprolite and Cerrezuelo Formation) and possibly to volcanic provenance. PhYsicochemical and technological stumes carried out show that these materiaIs are excelent for first quality refractoriesLa fracción arcilla (4.<Lm) de un conjunto de muestras provenientes de laFormación Cerrezuelo y de la Formación Cordobés, asignadas al Devónico, hasido estudiada con la finalidad de caracterizar sus argilominerales, desde los puntosde vista mineralógico, fisicoquírnico y tecnológico. A efectos de conocer lacomposición y prob<'1blesrelaciones con las sedimentitas estudiadas se incluyót,lmbién material de un nivel saprolitizado del Basamento Cristalino, inmediatamentesubyacente a la Formación Cerrezuelo.El muestreo se realizó en las sucesiones pelíticas aflorantes en Paso Tejeray Cerrezuelo, Departamento Durazno, Uruguay, correspondientes a las Hojas Geoll'gicasYi, Cerro Chato y Arroyo Cordobés. Las mismas se ubican en el bordeaustral de la Cuenca del Paraná.Todas las arcillas son fundamentalmente caoliníticas, asociadas, en algunoscasos, a esmectitas e iIlita y con escasas impurezas de cuarzo y feldespatos. Enlas muestras con mayores proporciones de caolinita se determinó el grado deorden estructural de este argilomineral, correspondiendo la mayoría al Tipo 1 y solamente una muestra al Tipo N. El Indice de Cristalinidad varía entre 0,90 y 1,20, concordante con los resultados del ensayo con hidrato de hidracina. Los ensayos de intercambio catiónico descartan la presencia de C!orita. Los tipos de esmectita presente se identificaron como montmorillonita y beidelüta. Los ensayos con Li indicarían montmorillonita de alta carga y beidellita de baja carga. La caolinita es considerada de origen detrítico, procedente de un Basamento Cristalino migmático profundamente meteorizado, indicando depositación en margen pasiva. La presencia de esmectitas podría deberse a la argilización de cuerpos básicos existentes en el Basamento y a un posible aporte piroclástico. Los ensayos fisicoquímicos y tecnológicos demuestran la excelente calidad de los materiales y su aptitud para ser utilizados en productos de alta refractariedad

Estudio descriptivo del patrón de dieta y adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea en pacientes con Enfermedad de Alzheimer prodrómica en La Rioja

Trabajo presentado en la Reunión Anual de la Sociedad de Neurología del País Vasco, celebrada en San Sebastián (España), los días 3 y 4 de marzo de 202

Resistencia a la insulina y Enfermedad de Alzheimer prodrómica en la Comunidad de La Rioja: primeras impresiones

Trabajo presentado en la XLIII Reunión de la Sociedad de Neurología del País Vasco, celebrada en Vitoria (España), el 6 de mayo de 202

Valoración de la Calidad de sueño, actividad física y estado cognitivo en una serie de pacientes con Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) prodrómica: Estudio descriptivo

Resumen del trabajo presentado en la LXXIII Reunión Anual de la Sociedad Española de Neurología, celebrada de forma virtual del 22 de noviembre al 2 de diciembre de 2021Objetivo: Describir la calidad de sueño, actividad física y estado cognitivo en pacientes con Enfermedad de Alzheimer prodrómica (EA). Analizar los problemas de sueño y ejercicio físico en función de la presencia o no de factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRV), antecedentes familiares de enfermedades neurodegenerativas (AF), MMSE y biomarcadores. Se emplearon los cuestionarios de Pittsburg (PSQI), de actividad física (ClassAF) y el Minimental state examination (MMSE) para evaluar la calidad de sueño, la actividad física y el estado cognitivo respectivamente. El análisis estadístico fue llevado a cabo con el programa SPSS. Resultados: Revisados 23 casos con EA prodrómica con edad inferior a 75 años y PET-amiloide positivo 100%. Mujeres 69,56%. Estudios primarios 47,82%. FRV 52,17%. AF 56,52%. MMSE 26.91(±1.47). Problemas en calidad de sueño 52,17%. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la calidad de sueño entre los que presentaron FRV y los que no (50% vs. 54,54% respectivamente). Actividad física: laboral o doméstica: 86,95% (moderada); ejercicio físico y/o deporte: 78,26% (ligero); frecuencia semanal de ejercicio físico y/o deporte: 78,26% (diariamente), sin diferencias en función del FRV. Conclusiones: En nuestra serie, más de la mitad de los pacientes presentan problemas de sueño. Sin embargo, no se encuentran diferencias en la calidad del sueño entre los pacientes que presentan o no factores de riesgo cardiovascular. No hay diferencias en la actividad física en relación con la presencia o no de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con EA prodrómica. Limitaciones: tamaño muestral.Peer reviewe

In utero exposure to bisphenols and asthma, wheeze, and lung function in school-age children: a prospective meta-analysis of 8 European birth cohorts

[EN] BACKGROUND: In utero exposure to bisphenols, widely used in consumer products, may alter lung development and increase the risk of respiratory morbidity in the offspring. However, evidence is scarce and mostly focused on bisphenol A (BPA) only. OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations of in utero exposure to BPA, bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol S (BPS) with asthma, wheeze, and lung function in school-age children, and whether these associations differ by sex. METHODS: We included 3,007 mother-child pairs from eight European birth cohorts. Bisphenol concentrations were determined in maternal urine samples collected during pregnancy (1999-2010). Between 7 and 11years of age, current asthma and wheeze were assessed from questionnaires and lung function by spirometry. Wheezing patterns were constructed from questionnaires from early to mid-childhood. We performed adjusted random-effects meta-analysis on individual participant data. RESULTS: Exposure to BPA was prevalent with 90% of maternal samples containing concentrations above detection limits. BPF and BPS were found in 27% and 49% of samples. In utero exposure to BPA was associated with higher odds of current asthma (OR=1.13, 95% CI=1.01, 1.27) and wheeze (OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.01, 1.30) (p-interaction sex=0.01) among girls, but not with wheezing patterns nor lung function neither in overall nor among boys. We observed inconsistent associations of BPF and BPS with the respiratory outcomes assessed in overall and sex-stratified analyses. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that in utero BPA exposure may be associated with higher odds of asthma and wheeze among school-age girls.The research leading to these results has received funding from Instituto de Salud Carlos III and European Union’s FEDER funds (CP16/00128 – the ENDOLUNG project, and PI17/01194 – the INMA-Ado-Respi Project), the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–206) under grant agreement no 308,333 - the HELIX project –, and from the EC’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 874,583 – the ATHLETE project. Generation R: This study was funded by The Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Erasmus University Rotterdam and the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development. The project received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (LIFECYCLE, grant agreement No 733206, 2016; EUCAN-Connect grant agreement No 824989; ATHLETE, grant agreement No 874583). Dr. Vincent Jaddoe received a grant from the European Research Council (ERC-2014-CoG-648916). This study was supported by grant R01-ES022972 and R01-ES029779 from the National Institutes of Health, USA. The researchers are independent from the funders. The study sponsors had no role in the study design, data analysis, interpretation of data, or writing of this report. INMA Gipuzkoa: This study was funded by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS-PI13/02187 and FIS-PI18/01142 incl. FEDER funds), CIBERESP, Department of Health of the Basque Government (2015111065), and the Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa (DFG15/221) and annual agreements with the municipalities of the study area (Zumarraga, Urretxu, Legazpi, Azkoitia y Azpeitia y Beasain). INMA Sabadell: This study was funded by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Red INMA G03/176; CB06/02/0041; PI041436; PI081151 incl. FEDER funds; PI12/01890 incl. FEDER funds; CP13/00054 incl. FEDER funds), CIBERESP, Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT 1999SGR 00241, Generalitat de Catalunya-AGAUR (2009 SGR 501, 2014 SGR 822), Fundació La marató de TV3 (090430), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF2012-32991 incl. FEDER funds), Agence Nationale de Securite Sanitaire de l’Alimentation de l’Environnement et du Travail (1262C0010), European Commission (261357, 308333, 603,794 and 634453). Alicia Abellan holds a LifeCycle fellowship, funded from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 733206. Maribel Casas holds a Miguel Servet fellowship (CP16/00128) funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III and co-funded by European Social Fund “Investing in your future“. We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019–2023” Program (2018–000806-S), and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. INMA Valencia: INMA Valencia was funded by Grants from UE (FP7-ENV-2011 cod 282,957 and HEALTH.2010.2.4.5–1), Spain: ISCIII (G03/176; FIS-FEDER: PI09/02647, PI11/01007, PI11/02591, PI11/02038, PI13/1944, PI13/2032, PI14/00891, PI14/01687, PI16/1288, PI17/00663, and PI19/1338; Miguel Servet-FEDER CP11/00178, CP15/00025, and CPII16/00051), Alicia Koplowitz Foundation, and Generalitat Valenciana: FISABIO (UGP 15–230, UGP-15–244, UGP-15–249, and AICO/2020/285). BiB: This report is independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research Yorkshire and Humber ARC (NIHR200166) and BiB receives core infrastructure funding from the Wellcome Trust (WT101597MA). The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the National Institute for Health Research or the Department of Health and Social Care. EDEN: The EDEN study was supported by Foundation for medical research (FRM), National Agency for Research (ANR), National Institute for Research in Public health (IRESP: TGIR cohorte santé 2008 program), French Ministry of Health (DGS), French Ministry of Research, INSERM Bone and Joint Diseases National Research (PRO-A), and Human Nutrition National Research Programs, Paris-Sud University, Nestlé, French National Institute for Population Health Surveillance (InVS), French National Institute for Health Education (INPES), the European Union FP7 programmes (FP7/2007–2013, HELIX, ESCAPE, ENRIECO, Medall projects), Diabetes National Research Program (through a collaboration with the French Association of Diabetic Patients (AFD)), French Agency for Environmental Health Safety (now ANSES), Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale a complementary health insurance (MGEN), French national agency for food security, French-speaking association for the study of diabetes and metabolism (ALFEDIAM). MoBa: The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study is supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services and the Ministry of Education and Research. RHEA: The Rhea project was financially supported by European projects (EU FP6-2003-Food-3-NewGeneris, EU FP6. STREP Hiwate, EU FP7 ENV.2007.1.2.2.2. Project No 211,250 Escape, EU FP7-2008-ENV-1.2.1.4 Envirogenomarkers, EU FP7-HEALTH-2009- single stage CHICOS, EU FP7 ENV.2008.1.2.1.6. Proposal No 226,285 ENRIECO, EU- FP7- HEALTH-2012 Proposal No 308,333 HELIX, H2020 LIFECYCLE, grant agreement No 733206, H2020 ATHLETE, grant agreement No 874583), and the Greek Ministry of Health (Program of Prevention of obesity and neurodevelopmental disorders in preschool children, in Heraklion district, Crete, Greece: 2011–2014; “Rhea Plus”: Primary Prevention Program of Environmental Risk Factors for Reproductive Health, and Child Health: 2012–15). Additional funding from NIEHS supported Dr Chatzi (R01ES030691, R01ES029944, R01ES030364, R21ES029681, R21ES028903, and P30ES007048)

Spatial Models of Abundance and Habitat Preferences of Commerson’s and Peale’s Dolphin in Southern Patagonian Waters

Funding: This research was possible with the support of the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Funding for travel to and accommodation for NAD in Aberdeen, Scotland was provided by CONICET and Cetacean Society International. The work of NAD was part of a postdoctoral fellowship funded by CONICET. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats

In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security