485 research outputs found
X-ray Emission from the Weak-lined T Tauri Binary System KH 15D
The unique eclipsing, weak-lined T Tauri star KH 15D has been detected as an
X-ray source in a 95.7 ks exposure from the Chandra X-ray Observatory archives.
A maximum X-ray luminosity of 1.5 x 10^{29} erg s is derived in the
0.5--8 keV band, corresponding to L_{X}/L_bol = 7.5 x 10^{-5}. Comparison with
samples of stars of similar effective temperature in NGC 2264 and in the Orion
Nebula Cluster shows that this is about an order of magnitude low for a typical
star of its mass and age. We argue that the relatively low luminosity cannot be
attributed to absorption along the line of sight but implies a real deficiency
in X-ray production. Possible causes for this are considered in the context of
a recently proposed eccentric binary model for KH 15D. In particular, we note
that the visible component rotates rather slowly for a weak-lined T Tauri star
and has possibly been pseudosynchronized by tidal interaction with the primary
near periastron
A proof that tidal heating in a synchronous rotation is always larger than in an asymptotic nonsynchronous rotation state
In a recent paper, Wisdom (2007, Icarus, in press) derived concise
expressions for the rate of tidal dissipation in a synchronously rotating body
for arbitrary orbital eccentricity and obliquity. He provided numerical
evidence than the derived rate is always larger than in an asymptotic
nonsynchronous rotation state at any obliquity and eccentricity. Here, I
present a simple mathematical proof of this conclusion and show that this
result still holds for any spin-orbit resonance.Comment: 10 pages, 0 figure. accepted for publication in "Icarus
Ultracompact Binaries as Bright X-Ray Sources in Elliptical Galaxies
Chandra observations of distant elliptical galaxies have revealed large
numbers of Low Mass X-ray Binaries (LMXBs) accreting at rates in excess of
10^{-8} solar masses per year. The majority of these LMXBs reside in globular
clusters (GCs) and it has been suggested that many of the field LMXBs also
originated in GCs. We show here that ultracompact binaries with orbital periods
of 8-10 minutes and He or C/O donors of 0.06-0.08 solar masses naturally
provide the observed accretion rates from gravitational radiation losses alone.
Such systems are predicted to be formed in the dense GC environment, a
hypothesis supported by the 11.4 minute binary 4U 1820-30, the brightest
persistent LMXB in a Galactic GC. These binaries have short enough lifetimes
(less then 3 Myr) while bright that we calculate their luminosity function
under a steady-state approximation. This yields a luminosity function slope in
agreement with that observed for luminosities in the range of 6E37 ergs/sec to
5E38 ergs/sec, encouraging us to use the observed numbers of LMXBs per GC mass
to calculate the accumulated number of ultracompact binaries. For a constant
birthrate over 8 Gyrs, the number of ultracompact binaries which have evolved
through this bright phase is nearly 4000 in a 10 million solar mass GC,
consistent with dynamical interaction calculations. Perhaps most importantly,
if all ultracompacts become millisecond radio pulsars, then the observed
normalization agrees with the inferred number of millisecond radio pulsars in
47 Tuc and Galactic GCs in general.Comment: to Appear in Astrophysical Journal Letter
Origin of Tidal Dissipation in Jupiter: II. the Value of Q
The process of tidal dissipation inside Jupiter is not yet understood. Its
tidal quality factor () is inferred to lie between and . We
examine effects of inertial-modes on tidal dissipation in a neutrally bouyant,
core-less, uniformly rotating planet. The rate of dissipation caused by
resonantly excited inertial-modes depends on the following three parameters:
how well they are coupled to the tidal potential, how strongly they are
dissipated (by the turbulent viscosity), and how densely distributed they are
in frequency. We find that as a function of tidal frequency, the value
exhibits large fluctuations, with its maximum value set by the group of
inertial-modes that have a typical offset from an exact resonance of order
their turbulent damping rates. In our model, inertial-modes shed their tidally
acquired energy very close to the surface within a narrow latitudinal zone (the
'singularity belt'), and the tidal luminosity escapes freely out of the planet.
Strength of coupling between the tidal potential and inertial-modes is
sensitive to the presence of density discontinuities inside Jupiter. In the
case of a discreet density jump (as may be caused by the transition between
metallic and molecular hydrogen), we find a time-averaged . Even
though it remains unclear whether tidal dissipation due to resonant
inertial-modes is the correct answer to the problem, it is impressive that our
simple treatment here already leads to three to five orders of magnitude
stronger damping than that from the equilibrium tide. Moreover, our conclusions
are not affected by the presence of a small solid core, a different
prescription for the turbulent viscosity, or nonlinear mode coupling, but they
depend critically on the static stability in the upper atmosphere of Jupiter.Comment: 27 pages, incl. 11 figures, ApJ in print, expanded discussions
(nonlinearity, radiative envelope
Service life prediction of running steel wire ropes
Vrlo visoka čvrstoća omogućava žičanom užetu da prenese velike zatezne sile i da se kreće po koturima relativno malog prečnika. Žice od čelika vrlo visoke čvrstoće su postojale više od sto godina pre nego što su patentirane, kada je uveden specijalni postupak zagrevanja i usavršen postupak izvlačenja. Dalja poboljšanja posle toga su uvedena u relativno malim koracima. Žičana užad uvek imaju ograničen radni vek. Zbog toga ona moraju da se podvrgnu inspekciji i ispitaju u pravilnim intervalima da bi se zamenila znatno pre otkaza. Krajnji korisnik mašine sa čeličnim žičanim užetom u svakom slučaju želi da ima grubu ocenu radnog veka užeta već u ranoj fazi razvoja mašine. tako da bude u mogućnosti, ako zatreba, da poboljša sistem mašine. To je jedan od razloga zbog kojih su tokom niza godina izvedena obimna istraživanja kako bi se poboljšali postupci proračuna za predviđanje radnog veka žičanih užadi. Namena ovog rada je da ponudi pregled informacija o postupcima proračuna i da prikaže mogućnosti i ograničenja postupaka prognoziranja za predviđanja radnog veka čeličnih žičanih užadi u eksploataciji.Very high strength enables wire ropes to support large tensile forces and to run over sheaves with relative small diameters. Very high strength steel wires had already been in existence for more than a hundred years when patenting, a special heating process was introduced and the drawing process improved. Since then, further improvements have only occurred in relatively small steps. Wire ropes always have a limited service life. Therefore they must be inspected and examined at regular intervals so that they are replaced well before failure. End-users of machinery with steel wire ropes, however, would like to have a rough estimation of the service life of the ropes already in the early stages of conceiving their machines, so that they can, if necessary, improve the revving system. This is one of the reasons why for many years extensive research is carried out in order to improve calculations for predicting the service life of wire ropes. This paper is meant to offer an overview information on the method of calculation and to demonstrate the potential and limitations of the forecasting procedure for service-life prediction of running steel wire ropes
Binary formation within globular clusters : X-ray clues
We have investigated the effect of the number of primordial binaries on the
relationship between the total number of detected binaries within globular
cluster and its collision rate. We have used simulated populations of binary
stars in globular clusters : primordial binaries and binaries formed through
gravitational interactions. We show that the initial number of primordial
binaries influences the relationship between the number of detected sources and
the collision rate, which we find to be a power law. We also show that
observing an incomplete sample provides the same results as those obtained with
a complete sample. We use observations made by XMM-Newton and Chandra to
constrain the formation mechanism of sources with X-ray luminosities larger
than 10^{31} erg/s, and show that some of the cataclysmic variables within
globular clusters should be primordial objects. We point out a possibly hidden
population of neutron stars within high mass globular clusters with a low
collision rate.Comment: 6 pages, no figure, accepted for publication in Astronomy &
Astrophysic
An XMM-Newton observation of the globular cluster Omega Centauri
We report on a deep XMM-Newton EPIC observation of the globular cluster Omega
Cen performed on August 13th, 2001. We have detected 11 and 27 faint X-ray
sources in the core and half mass radii, searching down to a luminosity of 1.3
x 10^{31} erg s^{-1} in the 0.5-5 keV range. Most sources have bolometric X-ray
luminosities between ~ 10^{31}-10^{32} erg s^{-1}. We present the color-color
and hardness-intensity diagrams of the source sample, as well as high-quality
EPIC spectra of the brightest objects of the field; including the two candidate
Cataclysmic Variables (CVs) in the core and the quiescent neutron star low-mass
X-ray binary candidate. The spectra of the latter objects fully support their
previous classification. We show that the bulk of sources are hard and
spectrally similar to CVs. The lack of soft faint sources might be related to
the absence of millisecond pulsars in the cluster. The XMM-Newton observations
reveal the presence of an excess of sources well outside the core of the
cluster where several RS CVn binaries have already been found. We have also
analyzed a publicly available Chandra ACIS-I observation performed on January
24-25th, 2000, to improve the XMM-Newton source positions and to search for
source intensity variations between the two data sets. 63 XMM-Newton sources
have a Chandra counterpart, and 15 sources within the half-mass radius have
shown time variability. Overall, the general properties of the faint X-ray
sources in Omega Cen suggest that they are predominantly CVs and active
binaries (RS CVn or BY Dra).Comment: 21 pages, 2 color figures, 8 B&W figures. Accepted for publication in
Astronomy and Astrophysic
On equilibrium tides in fully convective planets and stars
We consider the tidal interaction of a fully convective primary star and a
point mass. Using a normal mode decomposition we calculate the evolution of the
primary angular velocity and orbit for arbitrary eccentricity e. The
dissipation acting on the tidal perturbation is associated with convective
turbulence. A novel feature of the Paper is that, to take into account of the
fact that there is a relaxation time t_{c}, being the turn-over time of
convective eddies, associated with the process, this is allowed to act non
locally in time, producing a dependence of the dissipation on tidal forcing
frequency. Results are expressed in terms of the Fourier coefficients of the
tidal potential. We find analytical approximations for these valid for .
When the tidal response is frequency independent, our results are equivalent to
those obtained in the standard constant time lag approximation. When there is
the frequency dependence of the dissipative response, the evolution can differ
drastically. In that case the system can evolve through a sequence of
spin-orbit corotation resonances with Omega_{r}/Omega_{orb}=n/2, where
Omega_{r} and Omega_{orb} are the rotation and orbital frequencies and n is an
integer. We study this case analytically and numerically.Comment: The size of the shown abstract is reduced. Submitted to MNRA
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