Synthesis of Manufacturing Systems Using Co-Platforming

Modern manufacturing environment is characterized by frequent changes within product design in order to satisfy evolving customer requirements. Various strategies are implemented in order to efficiently manage the consequences arising from the product design changes starting from design of the product, planning, manufacturing…etc. This dissertation focuses mainly on the manufacturing phase in which a new concept in manufacturing system synthesis is proposed. A new concept in manufacturing system synthesis has been introduced and coined as “Co-platforming”. Co-platforming is the synthesis of manufacturing systems through mapping product platform features and components to platform machines on one side, and non-platform product features and components to non-platform machines on the other side, in order to reduce the manufacturing system investment cost and prolong the manufacturing system useful life as product variants evolve and change. Tools and methods are developed to synthesize the manufacturing system based on Co-platforming within functional and physical levels. At the functional level, the group of platform and non-platform machines and the number of each machine type are determined. A new matrix based mapping model is proposed to determine the platform and non-platform machines candidates. A ranking coefficient is formulated which ranks the platform machines according to their machining capabilities in order to assist manufacturing firms in decision making concerning which type of platform machine to choose. Furthermore, a new mathematical programming optimization model is proposed in order to provide the optimum selection of machine types among machine candidates and their numbers. Moreover, a new mathematical programming model is proposed which synthesizes manufacturing systems taking into consideration machine level and system level changes based on co-platforming. At the physical level, the manufacturing system configuration is determined which is concerned with determining the number of stages, types of machines in each stage and the number of machines in each stage. A new mathematical programming optimization model is proposed which determines, in addition to the type and number of each machine, the optimal manufacturing system configuration based on co-platforming. The Co-platforming methodology is being applied in two case studies from automotive industry. The first case study is concerned with machining of automotive cylinder blocks taken from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and the second case study is concerned with the assembly of automotive cylinder heads taken from ABB flexible automation. The results obtained from the co-platforming methodology indicate that cost reduction can be achieved when synthesizing the manufacturing system based on co-platforming

Barriers to the Use of ICT in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia.

Barriers to the Use of ICT in Education: Case Study of Mogadishu Secondary Schools, Somalia Mr. Mohamed Hussein Hassan Dean and Lecturer, of faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mogadishu Universit

Environmental audit of industrial waste

In this industrialization era, an environmental audit is become more complex which is a very strict action are needed in minimize a wastage. Employing an environmental management system is a significant undertaking but an extremely worthwhile one for any organisation. Certification has developed a step by step guide to aid companies in implementing the standard during their journey to ISO 14001 certification. This report discussed on manageable and unmanageable wastage in different companies. These activities give an impact also consequences to environment and lead to poor organization management

Solving Robin problems in bounded doubly connected regions via an integral equation with the eneralized Neumann Kernel

This paper presents a boundary integral equation method for finding the solution of Robin problems in bounded multiply connected regions. The Robin problems are formulated as a Riemann-Hilbert problems which lead to systems of integral equations and the related differential equations are also constructed that give rise to unique solutions are shown. Numerical results on several test regions are presented to illustrate that the approximate solution when using this method for the Robin problems when the boundaries are sufficiently smooth are accurate

Prevalence of Poultry Coccidiosis and Associated Risk Factors in Intensive Farm and Individual Small Holder Poultry Farm in Benadir Region, Somalia

A cross sectional study was conducted from September2021 to February2022 in Mogadishu, Somalia to determine the prevalence of poultry coccidiosis and associated risk factors in intensive farm and Individual smallholder poultry farm in Benadir region-Somalia. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of poultry coccidiosis, to assess the risk factors associated with poultry coccidiosis. However, floatation technique was used for isolation of coccidian oocysts obtained from 384 fecal samples of chicken and the prevalence revealed was 19.8%. There was no statistically significant difference in poultry coccidiosis between the different ages of chicken (P>0.05) Where the young chickens (chicks) had shown slightly higher prevalence (20.4%) than adult chickens (18.8%). The effect of sex on the disease prevalence was assessed and relatively slightly higher prevalence was recorded in male chickens (20%) than female (19.4%). However, the difference between sex groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). According to the management system of the chickens, the study had shown a significant difference between extensive and intensive management systems, with the extensive system having a higher prevalence (25.5%) than intensive system (14%) with P-value (0.003). There was a significant difference in poultry coccidiosis between the different body condition score of chickens (P<0.05), where those poor body condition (26.6%) are more prevalence than middle (16%) and good (8.8%) chickens. The study also revealed a statistically significant association between infection rate and housing methods with the chickens kept in floor house had a higher prevalence (25.5%) than cage house (14%) with P-value (0.003) However, appropriate control strategies should be designed considering important risk factors such as age, management system and housing system. Especially, focus should be given to biosecurity practices in the prevention and control of coccidiosis, and in addition, further studies are needed to be conducted to identify the prevalent Eimeria species for strategic control

Exploring the Attitude of ESP Learners towards Using Mind Mapping in Learning Vocabulary

The current study aims at exploring the attitude of ESP students towards using mind mapping in learning vocabulary. The research design is quasi-experimental. The sample of the study consisted of 29 students from the college of engineering at the Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Egypt. A questionnaire was used to investigate the attitude of students towards using mind maps in learning ESP vocabulary. The results of the study revealed that students were interested in using the mind mapping strategy in learning ESP vocabulary and the significant features of mind map; namely: colours, branches and pictures. Based on the findings, it is recommended that researchers delve deep into studying the mind mapping strategy and its relation to students’ learning preferences and that teachers apply them when teaching vocabulary items. The researcher also recommends a model to evaluate vocabulary learning techniques that can be used in future studies

Effect of Ultrasound and Low-Level Laser on Myofacial Trigger Points Versus Traditional Acupoints in Cervicalgia Patients

Background:  Myofacial trigger point: is an area in tissue of hyper irritability that is very tender when palpated, refers pain and creates a twitch response when it is palpated. Trigger points must have palpable taut band exquisite tender spot in that taut band. Patient recognition of the pain as “familiar”, Purpose of study:  This study aimed to investigate the effect of phonophoresis and low-level laser therapy on both myofacial trigger points and on classical acupoints in neck pain patients. Methods: 60 participants from both genders who had neck pain. They varied in age from 20 to 40 years old. They were divided into four equal groups at random: (A, B, C, D).  The four groups will receive therapy on myofacial trigger points of the neck. The first group, Experimental (A), consisted of 15 volunteers from both genders who had neck pain and will receive LLLT myofacial trigger points of the neck for one month, they attended three sessions every week. The second group, Experimental (B), consisted of 15 volunteers from both genders who had neck pain were treated with phonophoresis of hydrocortisone 1% in conjunction with diclofenac 1%. They were engaged in three sessions per week for one month. The third group, Experimental (C), consisted of 15 volunteers from both genders, men and women, who had neck pain were treated with Phonophoresis of hydrocortisone 1% in addition to diclofenac 5%. For one month, they attended three sessions every week. The fourth group, Experimental (D), consisted of 15 volunteers from both genders, men and women, who had neck pain were treated with both LLLT and phonophoresis They attended three sessions every week, for one month

Angular Control Charts: A New Perspective for Monitoring Reliability of Multi-State Systems

Control charts, as had been used traditionally for quality monitoring, were applied alternatively to monitor systems' reliability. In other words, they can be applied to detect changes in the failure behavior of systems. Such purpose imposed modifying traditional control charts in addition to developing charts that are more compatible with reliability monitoring. The latter developed category is known as probability limits control charts. The existing reliability monitoring control charts were only dedicated to binary-state systems, and they can't be used to monitor several states simultaneously. Therefore, this paper develops a design of control charts that accommodates multi-state systems, called here as the Angular Control Chart, which represents a new version of the probability limits control charts. This design is able to monitor state transitions simultaneously and individually in addition. Illustrative system examples are implemented to explore the monitoring procedure of the new design and to demonstrate its efficiency, effectiveness, and limitations.Comment: 18 pages; 13 figure

Detection, Disease Severity and Chlorophyll Prediction of Date Palm Leaf Spot Fungal Diseases

Date palm leaves are infected with the fungal pathogens genus viz., Alternaria, Curvularia, Aspergillius and Neoscytalidium causing leaf spot diseases. The evaluation of chlorophyll content in the infected seedlings possibly could provide a good indicator for a degree of disease or infection, and changes during pathogenesis. Date palm seedlings at three-month-old were infected with 6 pathogenic fungal inoculums were tested. Disease severity% (DS%) and chlorophyll (Chl) contents using a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) meter were recorded at 15. 30 and 45 days after inoculation. Pearson's correlation analysis, Durbin Watson and regression analysis were performed to evaluate the relationship between the variables. It was found that the relationship between DS% with fungi, chlorophyll and days were in multiple regression models (R2 =91.88 and 91.87%, respectively). While, the relationship between chlorophyll with fungi, DS% and days were in multiple regression models (R2 =92.22 and 92.20%, respectively). The SPAD chlorophyll value could be considered as a better alternative over the DS% as the SPAD chlorophyll value was strongly related to DS%, as well as able to detect physiological changes in the infected date palm at the early stages of leaf spot pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of the relationship between disease severity % with fungi, chlorophyll and days for the detection and quantification of date palm leaf spot diseases This is the first research study done to study the relationship between DS%, chlorophyll and time on date palm leaf spot fungal diseases