Management Control Systems and Contextual Variables in the Hospitality Industry

Purpose – The paper examined management control systems (MCS) in Indonesian hospitality sector. This study examines the impact of six contextual factors at one time to determine the importance of each factor on the design of MCS. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based upon data collected through a survey sent to “star” hotels in Central Java, Indonesia. Using Chenhall (2003) design, a regression equation is run to examine the relationship between MCS and the contextual variables of environment, technology, structure, size, strategy and culture. Findings – The paper finds that higher levels of the contextual variables of technology, structure, and culture are related to more sophisticated MCS while size is related to more traditional MCS. Research limitations/implications –These findings are related to the hospitality industry in Indonesia. Future research could examine different settings (i.e. country, industry, etc) and investigate the effect of each contextual variable on the relationships between MCS and firm performance. Originality/value – The present study extends the scope of MCS system in accounting literature by testing Chenhall (2003) works on the relationship between contextual variables and MCS. It attempts to fill the gap in contingency-based studies that have previously focused on one aspect of contingency by considering six contextual factors. Furthermore, this paper also contributes to a fuller understanding of MCS practices in Indonesia and the hospitality industry and helps management in determining its most effective design. Keywords Hospitality management, Management Control Systems, Indonesia, Contextual Variable

Monetary aggregates in Pakistan: theoretical and empirical underpinnings

The objective of this study is to analyze theoretical as well as empirical soundness of the current monetary aggregates (M2) and to propose a broader monetary aggregate (M3), by exploring the functional characteristics and empirical relevance of financial assets. We used annual time series data from FY76 to FY03 and employed both the functional and empirical (F-M dual criteria) approaches. The results indicate that current monetary aggregates seemed to have been defined more on functional considerations compared to the empirical evidence. The analysis of new set of financial assets suggests that, while the various savings schemes individually as well as in aggregate were able to meet F-M dual criteria, deposits of NBFIs failed to satisfy this criteria. However, the functional considerations suggest that these deposits should, nevertheless, be included in a broader definition of monetary aggregates (M3).Monetary Aggregates, Pakistan

Corporate Social Performance of Indonesian State-Owned and Private Companies

The objectives of this study are to analyze the difference of corporate social performance between State-owned and private companies in Indonesia, and also to analyze the correlation between the corporate social performance (CSP) and the corporate financial performance by using company size, and institutional ownership as control variables. The population of this study is Indonesian state owned and private companies in the year of 2001-2004. Purposive sampling was used in this study, and final samples are 461 companies. The CSP or CSR (Corporate social responsibility) score is measured by content analysis of corporate annual report using seven item developed by Michael Research Jantzi Research Associate, Inc. The data is tested by independent t-test to determine the mean difference and by using partial correlation test to know the correlation between the corporate social performance and financial performance. The results of this study are that there is no significant difference mean of corporate social performance between state-owned and private owned companies in Indonesia. In addition, the correlation test indicates that there is no association between corporation social performance and financial performance both in SOCs and POCs

Calculation of Energy Levels for Nuclei 34S,34Ar,34Cl by using Surface Delta Interaction

The energy levels have been calculated by using the nuclear shell model and adopting the surface delta interaction for the nuclei 34S, 34Ar and 34Cl with two additional nucleons which are located outside close core 32S. A comparison had been made between our theoretical predictions and the recent  available experimental data .  A reasonable agreement were obtained from these comparisons . Key words: shell model, energy levels, Surface delta interaction

Role of Perceived External Prestige and Organizational Justice in Organizational Identification

The present study explores the impact of perceived external prestige and organizational justice (dimensions include: distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice) on organizational identification of employees’ in the Home Appliances Industry of Pakistan. Survey questionnaire technique was used to collect the data from employees of three well-known and big home appliances companies of Pakistan and the total response rate was 87%. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were applied to find the relationships’ strength. According to the results, significant relationship was found between perceived external prestige and organizational identification. Moreover, organizational justice is another contributing factor towards organizational identification. The study stated the significant contribution of perceived external prestige in organizational identification and describes how important it is to focus on the fulfillment of organizational justice and ultimately developing a psychological bond between a company and its employees in the shape of increased organizational identification

The whistler nozzle phenomenon

The whistler nozzle is a simple device which can induce jet self-excitations of controllable amplitudes and frequencies and appears highly promising for many applications involving turbulent transport, combustion and aerodynamic noise. The characteristics of this curious phenomenon are documented for different values of the controlling parameters and attempts to explain the phenomenon. It is shown that the whistler excitation results from the coupling of two independent resonance mechanisms: shear-layer tone resulting from the impingement of the pipe-exit shear layer on the collar lip, and organ-pipe resonance of the pipe-nozzle. The crucial role of the shear-layer tone in driving the organ-pipe resonance is proven by reproducing the event in pipe-ring and pipe-hole configurations in the absence of the collar. It is also shown that this phenomenon is the strongest when the self-excitation frequency matches the preferred mode of the jet

Image Formation Free Rotation in Triple Pole-Piece Magnetic Lenses

Present work is mainly concern with the mathematical function, considered to represent the axial magnetic flux density distributions of proposed triple pole-pieces magnetic lenses which is used as rotation free lenses. This function has, in fact, three-optimization parameters. The only important parameter is the bore radius of the lens in the proposed model. This parameter can be affect on the projector properties of the lens, when the other two optimization parameters (maximum value of flux density and lens length) are constants, where the literature survey proved that unaffected on the lens properties. Results have clearly shown that the optimization parameter for current function, have a considerable effect on the lens distortion, lens magnification, and the reconstructed pole-pieces. Furthermore, the results obviously show the excellent ability for converting the form of the chosen mathematical function in order to represent the magnetic field of triple pole-pieces lenses. Keywords: Electron Optics, Projector Lens, Distortion, Magnificatio

Impact of FDI and Joint Venture on Employment Generation: A Multi-sector Experience of Bangladesh Economy

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is very crucial for the sustainable development of developing countries in general and in specific for LDCs-like Bangladesh. For Bangladesh, inflow of foreign direct investment is the major stimulus for the sturdy and long-standing economic growth which is subject to the improvement of many socio-economic and political factors. As a promising hub for foreign direct investment, Bangladesh has already conquered popularity for its simplistic, liberal and most investments friendly climate throughout the globe. Being an open, flexible and promising destination for foreign direct investment, Bangladesh has been drawing attention of the global investors into a focal investment destination within South-Asian region. Its investment climate is mostly featured by munificent and alluring packages of incentives to investors. In addition, there is no discrimination between the local and foreign investors in facilitating the incentives they owe from the investment destination. The existing rules and regulations are structured in such a way so as to fully guarantee the safety of the incoming investment and their returns with gained profit or surplus. The positive and ensuring economic growth brings dramatic changes in the employment scenario of a country. The increased flow of foreign direct investment into multifarious sectors namely Agricultural, Chemical, Engineering, Textile and Service sectors significantly trims down the unemployment predicament of our country. Bangladesh has a large pool of vibrant young working force that is highly trained and skilled enough to cater the demands of the globalized world. Due to global economic recession of 2008, the financial markets were crashed jobs disappeared and growth took a sharp plunge in much of the developed world and its ripple effects were felt in the other parts of the globe. Though, many economists forecasted that Bangladesh would be severely affected by this speedy storm. Rather, the economy Bangladesh demonstrated extraordinary resilience, driven by sound macroeconomic policies, dynamic pool of private entrepreneurs and productive labour force. New and dynamic opportunities are emerging for foreign direct investment (FDl) in the traditional and emerging sectors while significantly improving involvement of female into the workforce. Keywords: FDI, Joint Venture Investment, Sectoral Investment, Employment Generation