Study of the effect of vacuum impregnation with different substances on respiration and color of packed baby spinach leaves.

In this study, vacuum impregnation (VI) was used to investigate the effect of different solutions: sucrose 21 % (w/v), calcium lactate 1 % (w/v), ascorbic acid 0.1 % (w/v), and GABA 0.075 % (w/v) on atmospheric composition, color, and shelf life of packed baby spinach leaves. VI was performed at two different temperatures: 21 C and 7.5 C. The packed, impregnated leaves were stored for 8 days at 21 C and 7.5 C. The efficiency of VI was evaluated by measuring the weight gained after impregnation, color changes of the leaves during the storage period, and the modification of the atmospheric composition in the packages. The influence of GABA impregnated into baby spinach leaves was studied further for 22 days at a storage temperature of 7.5 C, in order to study its effect on the shelf life of the spinach leaves. The metabolic activity of GABA impregnated leaves was measured for a short term (14 h) with isothermal calorimetry at 7.5 C, in order to evaluate the changes on the heat production created inside the packed leaves. Results show that respiration (O2 consumption and CO2 production) of baby spinach leaves increased after VI and this increase depends on the substance used for impregnation as well as the temperature. Sucrose played a major role at both the studied temperatures, by displaying the highest alteration of the atmosphere created inside the packed spinach during storage. Impregnation with ascorbic acid leads to faster deterioration of packed spinach leaves in comparison to the other substances used. Impregnation with GABA extended the shelf life of the packed baby spinach leaves at 7.5 C, till 22 days, while the control samples were discarded after 10 days. Measurement of the metabolic activity by isothermal calorimetry showed less heat production from the treated spinach with GABA comparing to the untreated control at 7.5 C. The calorimetry studies showed higher heat production of the unpacked spinach comparing to the packed leaves at the same storage temperature. The measurement of metabolic activity was in correspondence with the respiration measurements (O2 consumption and CO2 production) for short time scales, where the lower respiration in the GABA impregnated samples was followed by less heat production, regardless if the sample was packed or not.Vegetables and fruits hold a vast amount of air within their structure. Vacuum impregnation is a process used to remove the air from plant tissues and replace it with an external solution. For impregnation, vacuum is applied to the plant tissue helping air to escape through the plant´s pores. Then by restoring the atmospheric pressure, the solution surrounding the plant will penetrate the plant tissue replacing the air. Some applications of vacuum impregnation are: increasing the nutritional value, antioxidants, antimicrobial, preserving color change, enhancing texture, and even as a pre-treatment before other processing techniques such as drying or freezing. Some of these impregnated substances may well affect both the respiration and color of fruits and vegetables resulting in improved certain quality characteristics during the storing period. Moreover, some of the impregnated substances might affect the metabolism of the plant tissues, which might increase or decrease the metabolic activity of the plant tissue. Indeed, the results of the metabolism of plant tissue treated with impregnation are still not well understood. All what we know is that increasing the metabolic activity of the plant tissue is negative to products ‘quality during the storage period. All plant activities such as the metabolism, respiration, and so forth produce heat. Isothermal calorimetry can measure the heat production of a particular process, which might give an explanation of the metabolism of the plant tissue and how the impregnated substance might affect it. In this study, vacuum impregnation was used to investigate the influence of different substances such as sucrose, calcium lactate, ascorbic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid on the quality of the packed baby spinach during the storage period. To begin with, we prepared two types of samples of packed spinach leaves. The first samples were packed and untreated. The second ones were packed and treated with one of the mentioned four substances by using vacuum impregnation. Then both packed treated and non-treated samples were stored at two different conditions 21 C, and 7.5 C. All samples were stored for eight days. Then the influence of impregnated substances on the quality of the packed leaves were evaluated by measuring weight gained after treatment, color changes during the storage period, and gaseous composition in the spinach bags. The influence of gamma-aminobutyric acid impregnated into baby spinach leaves was studied further for 22 days at a storage temperature of 7.5 C, to find out its effect on the shelf life of the spinach leaves. Heat production of the leaves impregnated with gamma-aminobutyric acid was measured during the first 14 hours of the storage period, using Isothermal calorimetry at 7.5 C. The aim of this measurement was to get a better view of the changes that might occur on the metabolic activity of the spinach leaves after the impregnation. Results showed that respiration of baby spinach leaves increased after vacuum impregnation, and this increase depended on both the different solutions and storage temperature. Sucrose treated samples displayed the most changes in the gas composition of the spinach bags along with the storage period at both temperatures. Also, ascorbic acid treated samples led to the faster deterioration of packed spinach leaves in comparison to the other substances used. On the other hand, gamma-aminobutyric acid treated samples extended the shelf life of the packed baby spinach leaves stored at 7.5 C. These baby spinach leaves kept fresh for 22 days, unlike the non-treated samples which expired after only ten days. Concerning the metabolic activity, gamma-aminobutyric acid treated samples reduced the respiration which resulted in less heat production from the leaves over 14 hours of storage. Furthermore, packed leaves showed less heat production compared to unpacked leaves in both treated and untreated leaves

Models Design Of Spiritual Therapy For Development Of Quality Of Soul And Character Of Students

Abstract This study aims to 1) design module spiritual therapy as a model of life quality and character development of students 2) determine the validity of spiritual therapy module that has beat designed lj Knowing the iespouse of student assessment on the implementation of spiritual therapy Spiritual therapy module validated by three experts, namely psychologist. Islamic religious scholars, and expert guidance and counseling The module is tested on 30 students of SMAN 11 Makassar who have been purposive random sampling. The results of this research are I) Model therapies spiritual lias been designed, arranged in the form of modules consisting of background, theoretical basts, models and dimensions of therapy, the stages of therapy, and assessment of therapy 2) The three experts have given judgments, namely psychologist give 3:40 (fit for use), an expert m Islam gives the value 3 70 (very decent used), and the expert guidance of Counseling give 3:55 (very decent used) 3) The results of spiritual therapy trials on 30 students showed that 11 people judging Good and 19 assessing Very Good

BBMB staff perceptions towards marketing practices, consumerism, government regulations and marketing effectiveness

Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tanggapan pengguna terhadap amalanamalan pemasaran, kepenggunaan, peraturan-peraturan kerajaan dan keberkesanan pemasaran. Responden yang terdiri daripada kakitangan Bank Bumiputra Malaysia Berhad telah mengisikan dan mengembalikan soal-selidik tersebut, memberikan kadar sambutan sebanyak 32.72%. The objective of this research was to examine consumers' perception towards market practices, consumerism, government regulation and marketing effectiveness. The respondents were the staff of Bank Burniputra Malaysia Berhad who filled in and returned the questionnaires, giving a response rate of 32.72 percen

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI AKTIVATOR (NaOH DAN HCl) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK KARBON AKTIF DARI TONGKOL JAGUNG

Sintesis karbon aktif dari limbah tongkol jagung dilakukan untuk memanfaatkan limbah biomassa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mensintesis dan mengkarakterisasi karbon aktif dari limbah tongkol jagung. Tahapan pembuatan karbon aktif dimulai dengan preparasi sampel yaitu pembersihan, pencucian, dan pengeringan. Tongkol jagung kemudian dikarbonasi pada suhu 400oC selama satu jam untuk menghasilkan karbon. Tahap selanjutnya aktivasi menggunakan NaOH dan HCl dengan variasi konsentrasi 5%, 10%, dan 15%. Karakterisasi karbon aktif menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) dan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Hasil karakterisasi SEM menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif yang diperoleh memiliki struktur permukaan yang tidak teratur dengan ukuran dan bentuk pori terbuka yang berbeda. Hasil karakterisasi XRD menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif yang diperoleh memiliki struktur amorf. Hasil penentuan kadar air dan kadar abu karbon aktif yang diperoleh adalah 2,97% dan 3,92%. Nilai kadar air dan kadar abu karbon aktif dari tongkol jagung ini telah memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI 06-3730-1995

SISTEM PEMESANAN DAN PEMBAYARAN SECARA TUNAI PADA CV. BONASARI

Sistem pemesanan dan pembayaran secara tunai pada CV. Bonasari berfungsi untuk membantu perusahaan dalam menjalankan operasional kerja pada. Sistem pemesanan dan pembayaran CV. Bonasari masih menggunakan sistem manual dan masih sering terjadi kesalahan dalam transaksi dan memakan waktu lama. Model sistem menggunakan sistem model Waterfall. Alat bantu dalam pengembangan sistem ini menggunakan Context Diagram(CD), Data Flow Diagram(DFD), Kamus Data, Entity Relationship Data(ERD) dan Normalisasi Data. Sistem yang dikembangkan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 dan sebagai pendukung digunakan Crystal Report 8.5 dan Microsoft Access 2007. Dalam Perancangan Database terdapat Desain table, Desain pemrograman serta implementasi perangkat lunak. Dalam Desain Tabel terdapat Tabel Produk, Tabel Pelanggan, Tabel Pemesanan dan Tabel Pembayaran. Dalam Desain Pemrograman serta implementasi perangkat lunaknya dengan menggunakan Visual Basic 6.0 terdapat Form Login, Form Menu, Form Produk, Form Pelanggan, Form Pemesanan, Form Pembayaran, Laporan Produk, Laporan Pelanggan, Laporan Pemesanan, Laporan Pembayaran serta Laporan Nota Pemesanan dan Nota Pembayaran. Kesimpulan dari Pengembangan Sistem Pemesanan dan Pembayaran secara Tunai Menggunakan Visual Basic 6.0 pada CV. Bonasari adalah adanya masalah dalam efisiensi waktu dan efisiensi kerja, penyebabnya adalah data yang ada masih dalam bentuk konvensional. Sistem yang dikembangkan dapat membantu CV. Bonasari dalam hal efisiensi waktu dan efisiensi kerja

Organizational Structure Characteristics and Employee Job Satisfaction in The Merged-Bank: The Case of CIMB Bank Berhad

The aims of this study were to examine the relationships among and design, individual roles, process and strategy of the organizational structure characteristics and job satisfaction in Malaysia. Particularly, this study was to determine the job satisfaction of CIMB Bank Berhad employees. Further, the study was aimed at exploring to what extent these employees were satisfied with their employer over several dimensions related to their jobs. A hypothetical model was developed testing the relationships between the independent variables of design, individual and roles, process and strategy of the organizational structure characteristics and job satisfaction was the dependent variable. The study was conducted among employees at head offices and branches. Four hundred and fifty survey questionnaires were distributed in January 2012. However, multiple follow ups yielded 314 statistically usable questionnaires yielding a response rate of about 70%. Descriptive were statistics used to describe a respondent’s profile and the variable items. Correlation, linear and multiple regressions were used for inferential statistics. The results showed that the relationship and among design, individual and roles, process and strategy and job satisfaction were as hypothesized. The study found that, among the four independent variables, strategy was the best predictor while design and individual and roles were the lowest predictors of job satisfaction. The results showed that a positive association existed between the combinations among all independent variables with respect to the dependent variable. The study showed that the combination among all independent variables contributed to the level of employee job satisfaction. The focus of the study was CIMB Employees in the Klang valley only. Thus, the findings can be generalized with respect to CIMB employees in Peninsular Malaysia. For Sabah and Sarawak, a different survey should be conducted because of differences in culture and attitudes

Synergity of the Historic Building to the Progress of Tourism in the City of Makassar, Indonesia

The type of qualitative research through the phenomenological approach, the results showed that historical buildings have an appeal for domestic and foreign tourists, so it is necessary to preserve historical buildings Professional who supported some correct information and informant can understand the historical plot of the building, so that it can provide information to the tourism visitors in the city of Makassar

Implementation Of The Index Card Match Method In Learning Fiqh

The index card match method is a method that uses cards containing questions and answers by looking for pairs of cards, this method also creates fun and active learning so as to make students enthusiastic in the learning process. The index card match method has been applied in grade VII A of SMP Muhammadiyah Special Program KottaBarat Surakarta, this study aims to determine the implementation of the index card match method on student activity. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with the object of research being the implementation of the index card match method on student activity, the beautiful material of cultural diversity of my country and the subject of research, namely homeroom teachers and students of Class VII A. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study show that the implementation of the index card match method on student activity of the beautiful material of cultural diversity of my country in VII A SMP Muhammadiyah Special Program KottaBarat Surakarta has 3 stages, namely 1) Planning stage, teachers make learning tools referring to the 2013 curriculum. 2) The implementation stage, in accordance with the theory of the steps of the index card match method on student activity. 3) The evaluation stage is carried out to see student activeness in the Jurisprudence material, Before using the index card match method, student activeness was only a few students who were active, after using the index card match method, student activeness increased to all active children. This is evidenced by looking at the evaluation answers in the student jurisprudence package book, and almost all students have met 8 indicators of student activeness, And among the 8 indicators are: carrying out learning tasks, expressing opinions, asking, reading, discussing, paying attention, training self-ability, applying abilities

Knowledge and practices: Risk perceptions of COVID-19 and satisfaction with preventive measures at workplace among maternity care providers in Pakistan

Introduction: While all healthcare services across the globe deferred non-urgent surgeries, labor wards provided maternity care during the COVID-19 pandemic continuously. This study assesses the knowledge and practices of obstetricians and midwives about personal protective equipment (PPE); their risk perception of COVID-19 and satisfaction with the preventive measures adopted at their workplace.Methods: A questionnaire designed according to the World Health Organization’s advice on rational use of personal protective equipment for COVID-19 was administered to 452 Pakistani maternity care providers between 1 July and 30 July 2020.Results: Most (85%) had adequate knowledge and 78.8% had good practices regarding PPE use. The perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 was lower than for influenza and tuberculosis. Perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 was highest for outpatient clinics. Fewer midwives compared to obstetricians (23.3% vs 32.9 %, p=0.001) were satisfied with the job security provided. Only 19.5% were satisfied with the social distancing measures at their setups. Less than one-third (31%) were satisfied with the PPE available to them.Conclusions: The participants had good knowledge and practices regarding PPE. The perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 was lower than for contracting influenza; however, they were concerned about contracting COVID-19 in outpatient clinics and emergency rooms. They had poor satisfaction with the measures adopted by hospital managements regarding job security and social distancing