Sistem Pemantauan Temperatur dan Kelembaban Menggunakan Instrumentasi Virtual sebagai Pendeteksi Dini Bahaya Kebakaran

Instrumentasi virtual adalah suatu teknologi baru yang menggabungkan teknologi perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak komputer menggantikan alat ukur tradisional dalam pengukuran agar lebih efisien dan akurat. Salah satu perangkat lunak yang digunakan dalam membangun suatu instrumentasi virtual adalah perangkat lunak buatan Perusahaan National Instrument yang disebut Labview. Penggabungan perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak Labview bisa membentuk alat ukur yang bisa melakukan pengukuran yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan yang diinginkan dengan investasi biaya yang tidak mahal. Dalam hal ini Laptop dengan Labview berfungsi untuk menampilkan hasil penangkapan data temperatur dan kelembaban oleh Sistem Arduino dalam bentuk tampilan yang mudah dilihat. Dalam artikel ini penulis melakukan penelitian mengenai pemantauan temperatur dan kelembaban untuk pencegahan bahaya kebakaran. Sistem tersebut digunakan sebagai pendeteksi dini bahaya kebakaran. Sensor yang digunakan untuk mengukur temperature dan kelembaban udara adalah DHT11 dan mikrokontroler yang digunakan adalah arduino uno. Pemantauan temperatur dan kelembaban dilakukan di Laboratorium Elektronika Industri STT PLN Jakarta. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pemantauan temperatur dan kelembaban dapat dilakukan secara terus menerus dengan Sistem Instrumentasi Virtual. Pendeteksian dini bahaya kebakaran terjadi saat adanya Perubahan temperatur yang dipantau nilainya semakin naik dan nilai kelembaban yang semakin turun dalam kurun waktu yang sangat singkat

Industri Kecil dalam Pembangunan Pedesaan

Pembangunan industri kecil di Desa Kekeran, Kecamatan Mengwi mempunyai potensi untuk dikembangkan mengingat sumberdaya alam lokal dan kreativitas masyarakat pada bidang seni ataupun kerajinan cukup memberikan kontribusi pada peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat serta dapat mendukung program pembangunan daerah. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, masalah penelitian ini dirumuskan sebagai berikut : (1) Bagaimana upaya-upaya yang dilakukan oleh pengusaha industri kecil kerajinan ukir kayu di Desa Kekeran dalam mengembangkan USAhanya, (2) Bagaimana peranan yang dilakukan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Badung, dalam mengembangkan industri kecil di pedesaan, khususnya sebagai pembina para pengusaha industri kecil kerajinan ukir kayu di Desa Kekeran. Metode penelitian ini adalah studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan validitas data yang bersandar pada derajat kepercayaan, keteralihan, ketergantungan, dan kepastian yang dilandasi obyektivitas. Data dianalisis dengan model analisis interaktif (interactive model of analysis) yang terdiri atas tiga komponen analisis yaitu : reduksi data (data reduction), penyajian data (data display) dan penarikan kesimpulan (conclucion drawing). Melalui metode tersebut dihasilkan penelitian antara lain: (1) Upaya yang ditempuh oleh pengusaha dalam mengembangkan USAhanya baik dengan meningkatkan modal, bahan baku, dan pemasaran dapat dilakukan secara tersendiri maupun kelompok. Dalam hal ini pengusaha yang dapat memasarkan sendiri hasil produksinya dan dengan sendirinya dapat langsung membeli bahan baku kayu di pasar, sedangkan pengusaha yang tidak dapat memasarkan sendiri hasil produksinya pada umumnya pemasaran hasil produksi dan bahan baku kayu telah disediakan oleh pengusaha atau pedagang dimana mereka mengambil order, (2) Peranan pemerintah dalam pembinaan industri kecil hendaknya langsung diarahkan langsung pada penanganan permasalahan yang sering dihadapi oleh pengusaha industri kecil, seperti pembinaan permodalan dan manajemen teknis dapat dilakukan secara terpadu dengan aspek pembinaan lainnya seperti teknologi dan pengembangan kewirausahaannya. Sehubungan dengan itu maka direkomendasikan antara lain: (1) Pengembangan industri kecil di pedesaan akan sangat membantu memecahkan persoalan kesempatan kerja yang muncul akibat menyempitnya kerja di sektor pertanian.; (2) Program pengembangan dan pembinaan industri kecil terutama industri kerajinan ukir kayu hendaknya yang selama ini diimplementasikan oleh pemerintah dengan meningkatkan persebaran industri kecil yang meliputi seluruh wilayah, mengingat potensi industri kecil dalam pembangunan daerah sebagai penyumbang PDRB terbesar; (3) Dalam rangka membantu pengusaha kecil dalam memasarkan produksinya, maka pemerintah hendaknya meningkatkan pembinaan pemasaran tersebut tidak hanya melalui promosi dan pemeran-pameran di hotel berbitang ataupun pada pesta keseninan dan kebudayaan Bali yang dilakukan secara periodik, dalam hal ini dapat dibentuk kegiatan pemasaran bersama dan peningkatan akses sarana dan prasarana transportasi; (4) Pemerintah dalam membantu pengusaha industri kecil, hendaknya pemerintah berhenti melihat pada hanya beberapa permasalahan atau kelemahan yang dimiliki oleh pengusaha industri kecil. Untuk dalam pembinaan industri kecil pemerintah hendaknya melihat permasalahan atau kelemahan tersebut secara terpadu atau secara integral; (5) Program pembinaan dan pengembangan industri kecil hendaknya pemerintah melakukan koordinasi dengan baik sesama intansi pemerintah sendiri maupun dengan masyarakat ataupun dunia USAha yang akan dibina, sehingga program yang diluncurkan dapat tepat mengenai sasarannya dan dapat mengatasi permasalahan serta pencarian solusinya juga dapat diterima dengan baik dari segala pihak

Optimasi Diameter Poros Roda Belakang Sepeda Motor

Interchangeability of motorcycles spare parts is needed in case of difficulty obtaining the original in the market. This research aims to develop the software model to optimize output shaft diameter and to compare the torque forwarded to rear sprocket of a motorcycle. The software develop using MATLAB R2010. Optimization is performed by making objective function variables with constraints and stress deflection resulted it the shaft loaded. Optimization is carried out with the conditioning in the highest speed transmission, that is : 1 840rpm, 2 1300rpm, 3 1800 rpm to 4 3000 rpm, and 5 3500rpm. Results obtained for a 8426.41 Nm/s power standard motorcycle is shaft diameter Do=12mm and Di=1.04mm. Finally, the software calculate the inertia force in order to obtain the stress Results showed that presence of shaft diameter optimization, load balance as well as engine power was still able to be borne on the optimum diameter. With the change of the diameter of the shaft diameter of the bearing replacement is done it is the same with the outer diameter of the shaft

First-line antibiotic susceptibility pattern of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in Indonesia

Background Diphtheria has been reported as an outbreak in some regions in Indonesia, most especially in East Java Province. Resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, and other antibiotics, single or multiple, has been reported in several studies. This study aims to evaluate the first-line antibiotic susceptibility pattern of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates. Methods This descriptive observational study was performed from August to November 2018. C. diphtheriae isolates were collected from diphtheria patients and carriers in East Java from 2012 to 2017 and kept at the Balai Besar Laboratorium Kesehatan Daerah Surabaya or the Public Health Laboratory of Surabaya. Sample selection was done by random cluster sampling. The sensitivity test by E-test®of the five antibiotics (penicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin) was done to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M45A (2015) Corynebacterium spp. for penicillin and erythromycin was used as standard. Results From 114 targeted isolates, 108 were viable and toxigenic. The E-test was performed on the viable isolates. The majority of the hosts were male (58.3%), with median (range) age of 6.5 (1–14) years. Half of the samples were from the 1 to 5-year-old age group. The isolates were acquired much more from patients (78.7%) than carriers (21.3%) and from pharyngeal swab (74.1%). Most of these isolates were from Madura Island (47.2%) and the northern and eastern parts of the province (horseshoe area). Mitis isolates were the major variant (76.9%). The susceptibility pattern of C. diphtheriae to erythromycin was better than that to penicillin. The E-test result for penicillin was 68.52% susceptible, 31.48% intermediate, and 0% resistant (MIC range,  256 μg/L) was 85.2% susceptible, 12% intermediate, and 2.8% resistant The MIC range for oxacillin was 1 to 96 μg/L, while for both azithromycin and clarithromycin were  256 μg/L. Conclusion The susceptibility rate of C. diphtheriae to erythromycin is higher than that to penicillin. The regular update of antibiotic selection to the national guidelines is recommended. The MIC reference standard to azithromycin and clarithromycin is also needed

Oral candidiasis profile of the Indonesian HIV-infected pediatric patients at UPIPI Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

Introduction Indonesia is stated as one of Asia’s fastest growing HIV epidemics, yet to date, studies on the characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, especially on Indonesian children, are very limited. Opportunistic infections, such as oral candidiasis have been an integral part of the disease and related to important diagnostic and prognostic values of the infection. The aim of this study was to determine the candidiasis profile of the Indonesian HIV-infected pediatric patients, and to correlate the clinical types of candidiasis with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use and the level of immune suppression. Material and methods HIV-infected pediatric patients attending the Intermediate Care and Infectious Disease Centre (UPIPI), Dr. Soetomo Hospital outpatient clinic between June-October 2017 were examined intraorally for the presence of oral candidiasis. Identification of Candida species was based on colony morphology on CHROM-Agar, hydrolysis of urea, carbohydrate fermentation tests, thermotolerance test, and microscopic morphology on slide culture from oral swab samples. Other relevant data regarding each patient were also obtained from medical records. Results Oral candidiasis was found in 55.17% patients, with 3 different clinical types: pseudomembranous (21.43%), erythematous (14.29%), and angular cheilitis (46.3%). There was a significant relationship between HAART with erythematous type (p < 0.05) and even stronger with the pseudomembranous type of Candida (p < 0.01). There was significant relationship between the level of immune suppression and pseudomembranous type (p < 0.05) and even stronger with the erythematous type (p < 0.01). Conclusions Concurrent pseudomembranous and erythematous candidiasis may indicate advanced progression of HIV-infected pediatric patients, therefore further studies are required to validate our findings

Correlation between Leprosy Children with Nutritional Status, Personal Hygiene, BCG Vaccination History and Occupancy Density in Gresik Regency

Abstract FRS Prakoeswa, DI Haerani, UD Ratnaasri, illustrator, Santi Martini, H Soebono, D Husada, HB Notobroto, MY Listiawan, A Endaryanto, CRS Prakoeswa Even though Indonesia has achieved elimination status, leprosy is still an important health problem in Indonesia because of its debilitating nature. East Java is one of the provinces with the highest leprosy burden in Indonesia, with a high percentage of children cases. Many factors are thought to affect leprosy transmission. Among them are nutritional status, personal hygiene, BCG vaccination history, and occupancy density. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional status, personal hygiene, BCG vaccination history, and occupancy density with the incidence of leprosy in children in the Gresik Regency. This is an analytic observational research with a case-control approach. This research was conducted in December 2019. The number of samples were 60 respondents, consisting of 30 cases and 30 controls. The results of multivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between nutritional status (p = 0.041; OR = 9,628), history of BCG vaccination (p = 0.032; OR = 22,164) and occupancy density (p = 0.003; OR = 14,810) with leprosy in children. Nutritional status, personal hygiene, BCG vaccination history, and occupancy density are significantly associated with the incidence of leprosy in children, with occupancy density as the most significant factor and history of BCG vaccination as the strongest risk predictor associated with the development of leprosy in the pediatric populatio

The clinical relevance of oliguria in the critically ill patient : Analysis of a large observational database

Funding Information: Marc Leone reports receiving consulting fees from Amomed and Aguettant; lecture fees from MSD, Pfizer, Octapharma, 3 M, Aspen, Orion; travel support from LFB; and grant support from PHRC IR and his institution. JLV is the Editor-in-Chief of Critical Care. The other authors declare that they have no relevant financial interests. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Urine output is widely used as one of the criteria for the diagnosis and staging of acute renal failure, but few studies have specifically assessed the role of oliguria as a marker of acute renal failure or outcomes in general intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Using a large multinational database, we therefore evaluated the occurrence of oliguria (defined as a urine output 16 years) patients in the ICON audit who had a urine output measurement on the day of admission were included. To investigate the association between oliguria and mortality, we used a multilevel analysis. Results: Of the 8292 patients included, 2050 (24.7%) were oliguric during the first 24 h of admission. Patients with oliguria on admission who had at least one additional 24-h urine output recorded during their ICU stay (n = 1349) were divided into three groups: transient - oliguria resolved within 48 h after the admission day (n = 390 [28.9%]), prolonged - oliguria resolved > 48 h after the admission day (n = 141 [10.5%]), and permanent - oliguria persisting for the whole ICU stay or again present at the end of the ICU stay (n = 818 [60.6%]). ICU and hospital mortality rates were higher in patients with oliguria than in those without, except for patients with transient oliguria who had significantly lower mortality rates than non-oliguric patients. In multilevel analysis, the need for RRT was associated with a significantly higher risk of death (OR = 1.51 [95% CI 1.19-1.91], p = 0.001), but the presence of oliguria on admission was not (OR = 1.14 [95% CI 0.97-1.34], p = 0.103). Conclusions: Oliguria is common in ICU patients and may have a relatively benign nature if only transient. The duration of oliguria and need for RRT are associated with worse outcome.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Temporal changes in the epidemiology, management, and outcome from acute respiratory distress syndrome in European intensive care units: a comparison of two large cohorts

Background: Mortality rates for patients with ARDS remain high. We assessed temporal changes in the epidemiology and management of ARDS patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation in European ICUs. We also investigated the association between ventilatory settings and outcome in these patients. Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of two cohorts of adult ICU patients admitted between May 1–15, 2002 (SOAP study, n = 3147), and May 8–18, 2012 (ICON audit, n = 4601 admitted to ICUs in the same 24 countries as the SOAP study). ARDS was defined retrospectively using the Berlin definitions. Values of tidal volume, PEEP, plateau pressure, and FiO2 corresponding to the most abnormal value of arterial PO2 were recorded prospectively every 24&nbsp;h. In both studies, patients were followed for outcome until death, hospital discharge or for 60&nbsp;days. Results: The frequency of ARDS requiring mechanical ventilation during the ICU stay was similar in SOAP and ICON (327[10.4%] vs. 494[10.7%], p = 0.793). The diagnosis of ARDS was established at a median of 3 (IQ: 1–7) days after admission in SOAP and 2 (1–6) days in ICON. Within 24&nbsp;h of diagnosis, ARDS was mild in 244 (29.7%), moderate in 388 (47.3%), and severe in 189 (23.0%) patients. In patients with ARDS, tidal volumes were lower in the later (ICON) than in the earlier (SOAP) cohort. Plateau and driving pressures were also lower in ICON than in SOAP. ICU (134[41.1%] vs 179[36.9%]) and hospital (151[46.2%] vs 212[44.4%]) mortality rates in patients with ARDS were similar in SOAP and ICON. High plateau pressure (&gt; 29 cmH2O) and driving pressure (&gt; 14 cmH2O) on the first day of mechanical ventilation but not tidal volume (&gt; 8&nbsp;ml/kg predicted body weight [PBW]) were independently associated with a higher risk of in-hospital death. Conclusion: The frequency of and outcome from ARDS remained relatively stable between 2002 and 2012. Plateau pressure &gt; 29 cmH2O and driving pressure &gt; 14 cmH2O on the first day of mechanical ventilation but not tidal volume &gt; 8&nbsp;ml/kg PBW were independently associated with a higher risk of death. These data highlight the continued burden of ARDS and provide hypothesis-generating data for the design of future studies