A culturally targeted video to promote genetic counseling in a community sample of at‐risk US Latina women: the role of the concrete mindset

Latina women, who are at increased risk of hereditarybreast and ovarian cancer (HBOC), have lower use of ge-netic counseling and testing (GCT) than non‐HispanicWhite women. In a recent study, culturally targeted videoimproved psychosocial outcomes related to GCT. Addi-tional analyses examine whether the culturally targetedvideo improved positive reactions in women who focus ondifficulties (concrete mindset) versus women who focus onthe final goals (abstract mindset). Participants (N= 32)completed surveys before and immediately after watchingthe video. The surveys measured attitudes, emotions, andwomen's mindset. Before watching the video, women witha concrete mindset reported more negative attitudes andnegative emotions about GCT than women with an abstractmindset. After watching the video, women with a concretemindset reported negative attitudes and feelings at levelscomparable to those of women with an abstract mindset,reflecting a reduction in their negative attitudes and emo-tions. The sample size limits the power to find statisticallysignificant differences. Results support the relevance ofconsidering the audience's mindset in the development and testing of public health messages to promote the useof GCTFEDER/ MUNCYT, Grant/Award Number: PGC2018‐093821‐B‐I00; Center forStrategic Scientific Initiatives, NationalCancer Institute, Grant/Award Number: R03CA191543; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Grant/Award Number: KL2TR00143

Applying the theory of planned behavior to examine adjuvant endocrine therapy adherence intentions

Objective:Adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) in breast cancersurvivors is suboptimal. Using the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study aimedto identify the strongest predictors from theTPB of AET intentions and past behaviorand assessed whether ambivalence and anticipatory emotions increased thepredictive capacity of TPB.Methods:Two hundred eighty women diagnosed with hormone positive (HR+)breast cancer who filled at least one prescription of AET responded to a surveymeasuring TPB constructs, attitudinal ambivalence, and anticipatory emotions. Theoutcomes were intentions to adhere to AET and past medication adherence (previous2 weeks).Results:TheTPB explained 66% of intentions to adhere to AET (P< 0.001). Ambiva-lence did not improve theTPB model's predictive value. When emotions were includedwithTPB, the model explained 70% of adherence intentionsF11,226= 52.84,P< 0.001(R2c= .70). This increase of 4% in predictability was statistically significant (ΔR2= 0.04),F6, 226= 7.90,P< 0.001. Women who self‐reported nonadherence in the past 2 weeksdiffered significantly in theTPB variables, ambivalence, and anticipatory emotions fromadherent women. Nonadherent participants reported lower‐future intentions toadhereF1, 236= 5.63,P= 0.018.Conclusions:Results suggest key concepts, such as anticipatory positive emotionsthat should be addressed in future interventions to enhance AET adherenceand survivorshipNational Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (KL2TR001432) National Cancer Institute (R01CA154848

Understanding Medical Mistrust in Black Women at Risk of BRCA 1/2 Mutations

The benefits of genetic counseling and testing for hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer (HBOC) are well documented; however, Black women are less likely to use these services compared to White women. Mistrust of the medical system has been associated with Black women’s use of genetic counseling and testing (GCT). However, relatively little is known about the correlates of medical mistrust in Black women at increased risk of HBOC. In this study, we examined the prevalence and predictors of medical mistrust in 94 Black women at-risk of HBOC. Most women were married (48.7%) and had at least some collegiate education (57.1%). While no predisposing characteristics were significantly related to medical mistrust, bivariate analysis indicated significant relationships between mistrust and fatalism (p=0.04), perceptions of discrimination in the healthcare setting (p=0.01), and self-efficacy in obtaining GCT (p=0.01). Multivariable analysis revealed that women who reported more discriminatory experiences and women with less confidence in obtaining GCT expressed greater medical mistrust. Multilevel approaches are needed to address psychosocial factors associated with feelings of mistrust. Future efforts must not solely focus on educating women on the importance of and need for GCT; addressing structural barriers, such as patient-provider interactions, that contribute to mistrust must become a priority

Exploring Latinidad, Migration Processes, and Immigrant Experiences: Experiences Influencing Latino Health

Introduction Over the last few decades, Latino migration to the U.S.has re-shaped the ethnic composition of the country, and influencedthe meaning of “ethnic” and “racial” identity. The purpose of thisqualitative study was to explore the definition and meaning of beingLatino and how this may guide the development of interventions topromote their health. Methods Twenty-six Latino immigrants living in Kansas completeda socio-demographic survey and semi-structured interviews to assessand explore personal immigration experiences and perspectives onthe meaning of being Latino in the U.S. Results Participant reports were grouped into eight themes on Latinoidentity that were organized by geographic origin, family roots/ties,and acculturation. Immigration experiences were described as bothpositive and negative with most participants experiencing discriminationand loneliness, but also reports of improved quality of life.Further, most participants reported a strong sense of Latinidad; thatLatino immigrant communities in the U.S. are interdependent andsupportive of each other. Conclusions The experience of being a member of a minority groupmight contribute to the development of a cohesive sense of Latinoidentity as participants acculturate to the U.S. while preserving asense of attachment to their culture of origin. Future interventionsshould be sensitive to migration experiences as they might influencechanges in health behaviors

Culturally targeted video improves psychosocial outcomes in latina women at risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer

Latina women at risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) have lower awareness, knowledge, and use of genetic counseling and testing services (GCT) than non-Latina Whites. Few interventions have been developed to reduce these disparities among at-risk Latinas. This pilot study assessed the impact of a culturally targeted narrative video developed by our team. The study included 40 Latina immigrants living in the United States who were at risk of HBOC, including a ected and una ected women. We assessed pre-post di erences in psychosocial outcomes. Participants were 47.35 years old on average (SD = 9.48). Most (70%) were una ected with cancer, had an annual income of $40,000 or less (65%), an education of High School or less (62.5%), and were uninsured (77.5%). The video significantly enhanced knowledge (p < 0.001), positive attitudes (p < 0.05), anticipatory positive emotions (p < 0.05), and intentions to participate in counseling (p < 0.001). Importantly, the video also significantly reduced negative attitudes (p < 0.05), and attitudinal ambivalence (p < 0.001). The culturally targeted video shows preliminary evidence in improving psychosocial outcomes related to GCT uptake in Latinas at risk for HBOC. This intervention is a promising easily-disseminable strategy to address disparities in GCT utilizationThis research was funded by the National Cancer Institute (R03CA191543; Hurtado-de-Mendoza and Sheppard, MPIs). This project was also supported by Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science (GHUCCTS) by Federal Funds; the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS); and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), through the Clinical and Translational Science Awards Program (CTSA) (KL2TR001432; Hurtado-de-Mendoza. PI), and by the Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities in Spain (PGC2018-093821-B-I00, FEDER, MICINN, Carrera, PI)

Cervical cancer screening outcomes for HIVpositive women in the Lubombo and Manzini regions of Eswatini-Prevalence and predictors of a positive visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) screen

This study aimed to describe the prevalence and predictors of a positive VIA (visual inspection with acetic acid) cervical cancer screening test in women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We retrospectively analysed data from women aged ≥15 who accessed VIA screening from health facilities in the Lubombo and Manzini regions of Eswatini. Sociodemographic and clinical data from October 2020 to June 2023 were extracted from the client management information system (CMIS). VIA screening outcome was categorised into negative, positive, or suspicious. A logistic regression model estimated the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of the predictors of a positive VIA screen at p<0.05 with 95% confidence intervals. Of 23,657 participants, 60.8% (n = 14,397) were from the Manzini region. The mean age was 33.3 years (standard deviation 7.0), and 33% (n = 7,714) were first-time screens. The prevalence of a positive VIA was 2.6% (95% CI: 2.2%, 3.0%): 2.8% (95% CI: 2.2%, 3.5%) in Lubombo and 2.4% (95% CI: 2.0%, 2.9%) in Manzini (p = 0.096). Screening at mission- owned (AOR 1.40; p = 0.001), NGO-owned (AOR 3.08; p<0.001) and industrial/workplace- owned health facilities (AOR 2.37; p = 0.044) were associated with increased odds of a positive VIA compared to government-owned health facilities. Compared to those aged 25-34, the odds of a positive VIA increased by 1.26 for those in the 35-44 age group (AOR 1.26; p = 0.017). Predictors with lower odds for a positive VIA test were: being on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) for 5-9 years (AOR 0.76; p = 0.004) and ≥10 years (AOR 0.66; p = 0.002) compared to <5 years; and having an undetectable viral load (AOR 0.39; p<0.001) compared to unsuppressed. Longer duration on ART and an undetectable viral load reduced the odds, while middle-aged women and screening at non-public health facilities increased the odds of a positive VIA screen

Caracterización de la red urbana y generación de modelo de proyección de viajes en la ciudad de Estelí, Nicaragua

The study aimed to characterize the urban network, model travel and make projections within the urban area in the city of Estelí, through household surveys and surveys of ups and downs. The urban route belonging to the Rosario was selected because it is the one that runs throughout the city. The following statistical travel model was obtained (number of trips made in one day) depends on age, income and the number of people living in a home, under the formula Y = 1.11 + 0.01 (age) - 5.57 * 10 -5 (income) +0.06 (number of people in the household) with p-value = 0.03. The 2.43 km stretch of road between the NACSA Tobacco Company and Las Segovias supermarket is the one with the highest demand with a value of 222,125 passengers per month. The most visited points are Universidad UNAN Managua FAREM - Estelí, tobacco factories and the San Juan de Dios Hospital, within the 53 existing stops. A proposal for a route change was also made in the principal avenues of the Estelícity, to reduce traffic congestion and a replacement analysis of electric bus units to improve supply, reduce environmental pollution and obtain better benefits; Economically speaking, the project proved convenient because a cost-benefit ratio of 1.35 and a net present value of C $56,951,947.10 was obtained, all with a total investment of C$ 59,427,675.00, recoverable in 1 year, 6 months and 8 days. In general, if the proposed models and solutions are applied, it will be possible to improve the urban transport system of the city of Estelí, increasing the quality of life of the inhabitants.El estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la red urbana, modelar los viajes y realizar proyecciones dentro del casco urbano en la ciudad de Estelí, a través de encuestas al hogar y encuestas de sube y bajar de la ruta. Se seleccionó la ruta urbana perteneciente al barrio el Rosario por ser la que recorre toda la ciudad. &nbsp;Se obtuvo el siguiente modelo estadístico de viaje (número de viajes realizados en un día) depende de la edad, los ingresos y la cantidad de personas que habitan en un domicilio, bajo la fórmula Y=1.11 + 0.01 (edad) - 5.57*10-5 (ingresos) +0.06 (cantidad de personas en el hogar) con p-valor = 0.03. El tramo vial de 2.43 km entre la tabacalera NACSA hasta el Supermercado las Segovias es el que tiene más demanda con un valor 222,125 pasajeros por mes. Los puntos más visitados son Universidad UNAN Managua FAREM - Estelí, fábricas de tabaco y el Hospital San Juan de Dios, dentro de las 53 paradas existentes. También se realizó una propuesta de cambio de ruta en&nbsp; vías principales de la ciudad de Estelí, para disminuir el congestionamiento del tráfico y un análisis de reemplazo por &nbsp;unidades de buses eléctricas para mejorar la oferta, disminuir la contaminación ambiental y obtener mejores beneficios; económicamente hablando el proyecto resultó ser conveniente porque se obtuvo una relación &nbsp;beneficio-costo de 1.35 y un valor presente neto de C$56,951,947.10, todo ello con una inversión total de C$ 59,427,675.00, recuperable en 1 año, 6 meses y 8 días. En general, si se aplican los modelos y soluciones propuestas, será posible mejorar el sistema de transporte urbano de la ciudad de Estelí, incrementando la calidad de vida de los habitantes

una mirada desde las Ciencias de la Conducta

Este libro es el resultado de los trabajos presentados en el 1er Congreso Internacional "Convivencia y bienestar con sentido humanista para una cultura de paz"

Capitulo 3. Ciencias Sociales, Artes y Humanidades

La investigación busca describir los significados psicológicos en relación con la felicidad, partiendo del sujeto común no experto en la materia. Para ello se utilizará la técnica de Redes Semánticas Naturales Modificadas (RSNM). Esto en el contexto de la UNAD Zona Sur, específicamente con el cuerpo docente de las diferentes escuelas académicas, excepto los que pertenecen al programa de psicología. Esta última decisión en razón a prevenir alguna influencia en los significados derivada de la formación disciplinar de tales docentes, téngase en cuenta que el tema de la felicidad ha sido objeto de estudio desde la psicología. Este es un estudio sobre los significados psicológicos acerca de la felicidad en docentes de la UNAD Zona Sur. Esto a través de la técnica de RSNM, la cual se orienta justamente a dicho propósito. Esto en articulación con el proyecto “Felicidad: un estudio mixto desde la perspectiva de docentes y estudiantes de psicología de dos universidades de Latinoamérica”, en el que vienen trabajando docentes de la UNAD en convenio con la UNAM (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México)

Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

The UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are grounded in the global ambition of “leaving no one behind”. Understanding today’s gains and gaps for the health-related SDGs is essential for decision makers as they aim to improve the health of populations. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016), we measured 37 of the 50 health-related SDG indicators over the period 1990–2016 for 188 countries, and then on the basis of these past trends, we projected indicators to 2030