Mejora genética de la berenjena (S. melongena L.)

Tesis por compendio[EN] Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the vegetables with highest content in phenolic compounds, giving eggplant a high antioxidant power and other bioactive beneficial health properties. This means that there is a growing demand among consumers concerned about a healthy diet. However, despite being a crop with a great economic importance worldwide, it is one of the least-studied Solanaceae (much less than tomato, pepper and potato), so it is necessary to carry out studies that contribute to the genetic improvement of eggplant to the commercial level so that the genetic diversity is increased and that is adapted to the demands of producers and consumers. The work carried out in this Thesis aims to obtain relevant information for the breeding programmes of eggplant through the study of genetic diversity and development and use of tools for the morphological characterization as well as increasing genetic diversity in élite germplasm for the development of programs aimed at obtaining high-value hybrids. For achieving this objective, commercial eggplant (semi-larga) black type, as well as other types, origins and varieties of local material are used. In the first part of the Thesis, we rely on the study of genetic diversity in S. melongena and the application of new tools to perform accurate morphological characterization and improve the process of selection of the breeding programs. This diversity studies have been conducted in three centres of origin side in different regions (Spain, Sri Lanka and China), in local materials of eggplant with different typologies, and new phenomic tools have been used for the morphological characterization of the fruit of the eggplant. In the second part of this work, we deal with the development of plant material to increase the genetic base of eggplant cultivars and with the implementation of various programmes for genetic improvement. For this we plan and develop different breeding programs according to different objectives, including the implementation of a programme of improvement of a local variety with protected geographical indication (IGP), and increasing the diversity and new "elite" material of black type eggplant through a program of genetic improvement. In summary, our work that shows that the study of the genetic diversity and the use of phenomics tools for morphological characterization, as well as the development of new plant material, is very useful for obtaining new varieties of eggplant as well as scientific and technical information of interest to other researchers and breeders. We have also found that "public-private research" interaction allows a synergistic collaboration in obtaining plant material and information of interest for vegetables breeding.[ES] La berenjena (Solanum melongena L.) es una de las hortalizas más ricas en compuestos fenólicos, lo cual le confiere un alto poder antioxidante y otras propiedades bioactivas beneficiosas para la salud. Ello hace que haya una demanda creciente entre consumidores preocupados por una dieta saludable. Sin embargo, a pesar de ser un cultivo con una gran importancia económica a nivel mundial, es una de las solanáceas menos estudiadas (mucho menos que tomate, pimiento y patata), por lo que es necesario realizar estudios que contribuyan a la mejora genética de la berenjena a nivel comercial de forma que amplíen la diversidad genética y que permitan adaptarse a las demandas de productores y consumidores. El trabajo realizado en esta Tesis pretende obtener información relevante para los programas de mejora genética de berenjena mediante el estudio de la diversidad genética y el desarrollo y uso de herramientas para la caracterización morfológica, así como el aumento de la diversidad genética en el germoplasma élite de los programas de desarrollo de híbridos de alto valor. Para ello se utiliza material vegetal tanto de la berenjena comercial tipo negra (semi-larga), como material de otros tipos, orígenes y variedades locales. En una primera parte de la Tesis, nos basamos en el estudio de diversidad genética en S. melongena y en la aplicación de nuevas herramientas para realizar una caracterización morfológica precisa y mejorar el proceso de selección en los programas de mejora. Para ello se han realizado estudios de diversidad en tres centros de origen secundarios de distintas regiones (España, Sri Lanka y China), en materiales locales de berenjena con distintas tipologías, y se han utilizado nuevas herramientas fenómicas para la caracterización morfológica del fruto de la berenjena. Como segunda parte de este trabajo, abordamos el desarrollo de material vegetal para el incremento de la base genética de los cultivares de berenjena e implementación de distintos programas de mejora genética. Para ello se plantean y ejecutan diferentes programas de mejora según los objetivos explícitos, incluyendo la realización de un programa de mejora para una variedad local con Indicación Geográfica Protegida (IGP), e incrementando la diversidad y la obtención de nuevos materiales de élite de berenjena tipo negra mediante un programa de mejora genética. En definitiva, nos encontramos con un trabajo que muestra que el estudio de la diversidad genética y el desarrollo y utilización de herramientas fenómicas para la caracterización morfológica, además de la obtención de material vegetal nuevo, es de gran utilidad para el desarrollo de nuevas variedades de berenjena, así como para obtener información científico-técnica de interés para otros investigadores y mejoradores. También hemos constatado que la interacción "investigación pública-privada" permite una colaboración sinérgica en la obtención de material vegetal e información de interés en la mejora de hortícolas.[CA] L'albergina (Solanum melongena L.) és una de les hortalisses més riques en compostos fenòlics, el que li confereix un alt poder antioxidant i altres propietats bioactives beneficioses per a la salut. Aquest fet fa que hi haja una demanda creixent entre els consumidors preocupats per una dieta saludable. No obstant això, a pesar de ser un cultiu amb una gran importància econòmica a nivell mundial, és una de les solanàcies menys estudiades (molt menys que tomaca, pimentó i creïlla) , per la qual cosa és necessari realitzar estudis que contribuïsquen a la millora genètica de l'albergina a nivell comercial de manera que amplien la diversitat genètica i que permeten adaptar-se a les demandes de productors i consumidors. El treball realitzat en esta Tesi pretén obtindre informació rellevant per als programes de millora genètica d'albergina per mitjà de l'estudi de la diversitat genètica i el desenvolupament i ús de ferramentes per a la caracterització morfològica, així com l'augment de la diversitat genètica en el germoplasma elit dels programes de desenvolupament d'híbrids d'alt valor. Per a això s'utilitza material vegetal tant de l'albergina comercial de tipus negra (semi-llarga), com material d'altres tipus, orígens i varietats locals. En una primera part de la Tesi, ens basem en l'estudi de diversitat genètica en S. melongena i en l'aplicació de noves ferramentes per a realitzar una caracterització morfològica precisa i millorar el procés de selecció en els programes de millora. Per a això s'han realitzat estudis de diversitat en tres centres d'origen secundaris de distintes regions (Espanya, Sri Lanka i Xina), en materials locals d'albergina amb distintes tipologies, i s'han utilitzat noves ferramentes fenòmiques per a la caracterització morfològica del fruit de l'albergina. Com a segona part d'este treball, abordem el desenvolupament de material vegetal per a l'increment de la base genètica dels cultivars d'albergina i implementació de distints programes de millora genètica. Per a això es plantegen i executen diferents programes de millora segons els objectius explícits, incloent la realització d'un programa de millora per a una varietat local amb Indicació Geogràfica Protegida (IGP), i incrementant la diversitat i l'obtenció de nous materials d'elit d'albergina tipus negra per mitjà d'un programa de millora genètica. En definitiva, ens trobem amb un treball que mostra que l'estudi de la diversitat genètica i el desenvolupament i utilització de ferramentes fenómiques per a la caracterització morfològica, a més de l'obtenció de material vegetal nou, és de gran utilitat per al desenvolupament de noves varietats d'albergina, així com per a obtindre informació cientificotècnica d'interés per a altres investigadors i milloradors. També hem constatat que la interacció "investigació pública-privada" permet una col·laboració sinèrgica en l'obtenció de material vegetal i informació d'interés en la millora d'hortícoles.Hurtado Ricart, M. (2016). Mejora genética de la berenjena (S. melongena L.) [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/61386TESISCompendi

Inoculation of cucumber, melón and zucchini varieties with Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) and evaluation of infection using different methods

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Figás-Moreno, MDR.; Alfaro Fernández, AO.; Font San Ambrosio, MI.; Borràs Palomares, D.; Casanova-Calancha, C.; Hurtado Ricart, M.; Plazas Ávila, MDLO.... (2017). Inoculation of cucumber, melón and zucchini varieties with Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) and evaluation of infection using different methods. Annals of Applied Biology. 170(3):405-414. doi:10.1111/aab.12344, which has been published in final form at http://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12344. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.[EN] The disease caused by Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), which is naturally transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, causes important economic losses in cucurbit crops. The availability of simple and efficient inoculation protocols and detection methods is necessary for screening varieties and germplasm collections as well as for breeding populations. We evaluated the infectivity of ToLCNDV inocula prepared using three different buffers for mechanical sap inoculation in a susceptible variety of zucchini. We found that inoculum prepared with buffer III, which contains polyvinylpyrrolidone, is highly efficient for mechanical inoculation, with 100% of plants displaying severe symptoms 21 days post-inoculation. Using this buffer, we mechanically inoculated 19 commercial varieties of cucurbit crops (six of cucumber, six of melon and seven of zucchini), evaluated the evolution of symptoms and diagnosed infection using nine different ToLCNDV detection methods (four based on serology, four based on molecular hybridization and one based on PCR detection). The results revealed that all varieties are susceptible, although cucumber varieties display less severe symptoms than those of melon or zucchini. All detection methods were highly efficient (more than 85% of plants testing positive) in melon and zucchini, but in cucumber, the percentage of positive plants detected with serology and molecular hybridization methods ranged from 20.4% with Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV) antiserum, to 78.5% with DNA extract hybridization. Overall, the best detection results were obtained with PCR, with 92.6%, 92.4% and 98.4% cucumber, melon and zucchini plants, respectively, testing positive. When considering the overall results in the three crops, the best serology and molecular hybridization methods were those using Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV) antiserum and DNA extract, respectively. The inoculation methodology developed and the information on detection methods are of great relevance for the selection and breeding of varieties of cucurbit crops that are tolerant or resistant to ToLCNDV.Figás-Moreno, MDR.; Alfaro Fernández, AO.; Font San Ambrosio, MI.; Borràs Palomares, D.; Casanova-Calancha, C.; Hurtado Ricart, M.; Plazas Ávila, MDLO.... (2017). Inoculation of cucumber, melón and zucchini varieties with Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) and evaluation of infection using different methods. Annals of Applied Biology. 170(3):405-414. doi:10.1111/aab.12344S405414170

Breeding for chlorogenic acid content in eggplant: interest and prospects

[EN] Chlorogenic acid (5-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid; CGA) is an ester of caffeic acid and (-)-quinic acid with many beneficial properties for human health, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-carcinogenic, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic properties. This has raised an interest for the development of new crop cultivars with increased CGA content. One of the crops with higher CGA content is eggplant (Solanum melongena).There is a wide diversity for CGA content in cultivated eggplant germplasm, which is influenced by the fruit developmental stage, storage conditions, and environmental factors. Therefore, appropriate experimental designs are required for an efficient breeding. Several strategies are proposed for breeding for high CGA content such as intraspecific variation, selection among accessions, development of hybrids and lines with good agronomic and commercial characteristics, or introgression of the high CGA trait in élite lines. Some wild relatives, like S. incanum, present higher CGA contents than those of eggplant. Interspecific hybridization can be used to introgress favorable alleles from the wild species into the genetic background of cultivated eggplant. Fruit flesh browning, as a result of CGA oxidation by polyphenol oxidases, could be a side effect of increasing the CGA content in eggplant. However, experimental results indicate that the relationship between CGA content and fruit flesh browning is low or moderate. Furthermore, selection for low polyphenol oxidase activity might result in reduced fruit flesh browning. Overall, the available data suggest that the development of eggplant cultivars with improved functional quality resulting from a higher CGA content is feasible.Authors are grateful to Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (AGL2009-07257 and AGL2012-34213), Universitat Politècnica de València (Proyectos de Nuevas Líneas de Investigación Interdisciplinares and Primeros Proyectos de Investigación), and VLC/Campus (Actividades Preparatorias de Proyectos Coordinados UPV-Fundación Hospital La Fe), for funding this research.Plazas Ávila, MDLO.; Andújar, I.; Vilanova Navarro, S.; Hurtado Ricart, M.; Gramazio, P.; Herraiz García, FJ.; Prohens Tomás, J. (2013). Breeding for chlorogenic acid content in eggplant: interest and prospects. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 41(1):26-35. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha4119036S263541

Increasing the genetic base of modern cultivars of eggplant of the semi-long black type

[EN] The eggplant (Solanum melongena) semi-long black varietal type is the most important in most European markets. Although open pollinated, pure lines and F1 hybrid cultivars exist within this varietal group, the latter predominate in the commercial production of eggplants, especially under greenhouse conditions. However, molecular markers studies have found that modern F1 hybrids present a reduced genetic base. This work is aimed at using a wide diversity of black eggplants for developing pure lines for obtaining hybrids heterotic for yield and increasing the genetic base of the black eggplants genepool. Thirty hybrid and non-hybrids varieties of black eggplants were used. Materials were characterized for morphological and agronomic traits of interest under greenhouse conditions. Molecular characterization was also performed using 16 SSR markers. A pedigree breeding programme was performed based on morphoagronomic traits until the F8 or F9 generations. Molecular analysis revealed that original materials could be separated in three main clusters groups, one made up by varieties from large companies that include the most successful varieties and the two other by an admixture of materials including non-hybrid varieties and F1 hybrids with moderate or low economic importance. The pedigree selection made allowed the final selection of 15 lines, which according to its origin, should have an increased genetic diversity compared to modern F1 hybrids. These lines, which present a very good performance under greenhouse conditions have been crossed in order to obtain hybrids heterotic for yield. These selected lines will be used to obtain a new generation of eggplant F1 hybrids with increased genetic base.This research has been partially funded by Meridiem Seeds and by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and FEDER (grant AGL2012-34213). Isabel Andújar and Pietro Gramazio are grateful to Universitat Politècnica de València (Programa de Ayudas de Investigación y Desarrollo, PAID) for a postdoctoral and predoctoral contract, respectivelyHurtado Ricart, M.; Vilanova Navarro, S.; Gramazio, P.; Plazas Ávila, MDLO.; Andújar Pérez, I.; Herraiz García, FJ.; Prohens Tomás, J. (2015). Increasing the genetic base of modern cultivars of eggplant of the semi-long black type. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca : Horticulture. 281-287. https://doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:11663S28128

Is it possible to combine high content in phenolics with low browning in fruits and vegetables? A case in eggplant

[EN] Demand among consumers for fruits and vegetables with improved contents in bioactive compounds is increasing. In particular, a lot of attention is being paid to phenolic compounds, as they have been reported to present many beneficial effects for human health. However, oxidation of phenolic compounds present in the tissues of fruits and vegetables by polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) can result in browning, which affects negatively the quality of the produce. Eggplant (Solanum melongena) presents a high content in phenolics, in particular chlorogenic acid (CGA), which confers nutraceutical properties to this crop. In order to obtain information relevant for the development of varieties with high content in CGA and low browning, we have studied the diversity for CGA, PPO activity, and fruit flesh browning and their relationships in a collection of 18 Spanish accessions of eggplant. Also, using an interspecific mapping population between S. melongena and S. incanum we have mapped the genes involved in the synthesis pathway of CGA as well as the eggplant PPO genes. The results confirmed that eggplant presents high levels of CGA, and that a wide diversity exists for the three traits studied. Low levels of correlation have been found between CGA and PPO activity on one side and browning on the other, indicate that PPO is not a limiting factor in browning in the germplasm collection studied. The six genes of the pathway for the synthesis of CGA from phenylalanine have been mapped to five different linkage groups. Only two of the genes are linked indicating that selection of materials with the alleles favourable of different parents will be easily achieved. However, the five PPO genes mapped (PPO1 to PPO5) cluster together in the same linkage group, which will difficult obtaining recombinants. Mapping of these genes is of interest for marker assisted selection for high content in CGA and reduced browning. Overall, the results indicate that selection of eggplant varieties with high content in CGA and low browning is feasible. The information obtained is also useful for the genetic improvement of other fruits and vegetables in order to develop new cultivars with increased added value resulting from high content in phenolics and low browning.Gramazio, P.; Vilanova Navarro, S.; Plazas Ávila, MDLO.; Andújar Pérez, I.; Hurtado Ricart, M.; Herraiz García, FJ.; Prohens Tomás, J. (2013). Is it possible to combine high content in phenolics with low browning in fruits and vegetables? A case in eggplant. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca : Horticulture. 70(1):115-123. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/40285S11512370

Evaluation of fruit shape variations in Spanish eggplants using an image analysis software

[EN] Traditional descriptors for characterization of fruit shape of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) provide limited information and do not allow a detailed characterization of this complex trait. New image analysis software tools like Tomato Analyzer, allow obtaining quantitative and objective data for a large number of fruit shape parameters. The Tomato Analyzer software tool was used for the evaluation of fruit shape in a collection of traditional varieties of eggplant from four varietal groups (Round, Semi-long, Egg Shaped, and Long). A total of 26 fruit shape parameters were obtained using the Tomato Analyzer software. Significant differences were found among varieties for all traits, except for shoulder height. In addition, considerable differences were identified among varietal groups for many parameters. Values for broad-sense heritability were high for most of the traits. The principal components analysis clearly separated the four varietal groups. Discriminant analysis allowed the correct classification to their actual variety of almost 60 % of the individual fruits. The wide variation observed and high values for heritability for most fruit shape parameters indicated that the image analysis software tools like Tomato Analyzer are of great utility for the phenotypic characterization of fruit shape in eggplant germplasm. This has important implications for selection and breeding for this important trait in eggplant.This research has been funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (grants AGL2009-07257 and AGL2012-34213 to J. Prohens), and by Universitat Politècnica de València (grant Primeros Proyectos de Investigación to S. Vilanova). Authors are grateful to Dr. F. Nuez for allowing access to the eggplant experimental fields of the project “Protection of Valencian cultivars of vegetables” (funded by Fundación Agroalimed), and from which the fruits used here were harvested.Plazas Ávila, MDLO.; Vilanova Navarro, S.; Hurtado Ricart, M.; Gramazio, P.; Andújar Pérez, I.; Herraiz García, FJ.; Prohens Tomás, J. (2013). Evaluation of fruit shape variations in Spanish eggplants using an image analysis software. Tropical Agricultural Research. 25(1):38-45. https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v25i1.8028S384525

Genetic diversity and relationships in local varieties of eggplant from different cultivar groups as assessed by genomic SSR markers

[EN] Spain is a secondary center of diversity for eggplant (Solanum melongena). Spanish landraces of eggplant are normally classified in four cultivar groups: Round, Listada de Gandía, Semi-Long, and Long. We have used 19 genomic SSRs for the molecular characterization of 30 eggplant accessions corresponding to the four cultivar groups. Sixteen SSRs of which 15 were polymorphic could be amplified and 65 polymorphic alleles, with a range of two to 11 alleles/locus, were detected. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of SSR markers ranged from 0.07 to 0.77, with an average value of PIC=0.50. The mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) presented a very low value Ho=0.01, while the mean expected heterozygosity (He) had a value of He=0.57. Multivariate cluster analyses revealed that a considerable diversity exists within each of the cultivar groups. Listada de Gandía and Long cultivar groups were clearly separated from each other in different branches of phenogram. The principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) confirmed that each of the cultivar groups is genetically diverse and, with the exception of the Round group, they plot in different areas of the PCoA graph. Overall, the results indicate that Spanish eggplant landraces present a high degree of homozygosis, considerable intra-cultivar group diversity, and a certain degree of genetic differentiation. This information is of interest for selection and breeding of eggplant as well as for germplasm conservation.This research has been partially funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and FEDER (grant AGL2012-34213) and by Universitat Politècnica de Valencia (grants SP20120681 and PAID-06-11 Nr. 2082).Vilanova Navarro, S.; Hurtado Ricart, M.; Cardona, A.; Plazas Ávila, MDLO.; Gramazio, P.; Herraiz García, FJ.; Andújar Pérez, I.... (2014). Genetic diversity and relationships in local varieties of eggplant from different cultivar groups as assessed by genomic SSR markers. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 42(1):59-65. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha4219414S596542

Uncovering Suitable Reference Proteins for Expression Studies in Human Adipose Tissue with Relevance to Obesity

Protein expression studies based on the two major intra-abdominal human fat depots, the subcutaneous and the omental fat, can shed light into the mechanisms involved in obesity and its co-morbidities. Here we address, for the first time, the identification and validation of reference proteins for data standardization, which are essential for accurate comparison of protein levels in expression studies based on fat from obese and non-obese individuals.To uncover adipose tissue proteins equally expressed either in omental and subcutaneous fat depots (study 1) or in omental fat from non-obese and obese individuals (study 2), we have reanalyzed our previously published data based on two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four proteins (12 in study 1 and 12 in study 2) with similar expression levels in all conditions tested were selected and identified by mass spectrometry. Immunoblotting analysis was used to confirm in adipose tissue the expression pattern of the potential reference proteins and three proteins were validated: PARK7, ENOA and FAA. Western Blot analysis was also used to test customary loading control proteins. ENOA, PARK7 and the customary loading control protein Beta-actin showed steady expression profiles in fat from non-obese and obese individuals, whilst FAA maintained steady expression levels across paired omental and subcutaneous fat samples.ENOA, PARK7 and Beta-actin are proper reference standards in obesity studies based on omental fat, whilst FAA is the best loading control for the comparative analysis of omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues either in obese and non-obese subjects. Neither customary loading control proteins GAPDH and TBB5 nor CALX are adequate standards in differential expression studies on adipose tissue. The use of the proposed reference proteins will facilitate the adequate analysis of proteins differentially expressed in the context of obesity, an aim difficult to achieve before this study

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

Caracterización morfológica del retrocruce de S. incanum x S. melongena. Genotipado y desarrollo del mapa genético utilizando SSRs

Solanum melongena, conocida comúnmente como berenjena, es un cultivo hortícola de gran importancia. España es un país con una gran diversidad de tipos locales de berenjena, diversidad que se está perdiendo debido a que se ven reemplazadas por nuevas variedades mejoradas que permiten producciones más elevadas. La berenjena probablemente es el resultado de la domesticación de la especie silvestre Solanum incanum, la cual se encuentra en las regiones ecuatoriales del Este de África y en Oriente Medio. Solanum incanum y las formas cultivadas de Solanum melongena presentan muchas similitudes morfológicas, teniendo un hábito de crecimiento similar y siendo posible la obtención de híbridos entre las dos especies completamente fértiles y con meiosis regular. Varios estudios indican que la especie más estrechamente emparentada con S. melongena es S. incanum. Se ha realizado el cruce entre las especies S. melongena y S. incanum y además de la creación de las generaciónes F2 y el rectrocruce BC2. Donde 25 caracteres morfológicos, tanto de planta, hoja, flor y fruto, se han tomado de los parentales (S. melongena y S. incanum), el híbrido F1, y el retrocruce BC2. Se ha calculado la heradabilidad en sentido amplio (H2) de aquellos caracteres cuantitativos de interés. En el trabajo mediante el uso de microsatélites, se ha analizado los individuos caracterizados morfológicamente además de las generaciones F2. Para ello se han analizado 66 SSRs, de los cuales 30 se han utilizado para el desarrollo del mapa genético de ligamiento de la berenjena.Hurtado Ricart, M. (2009). Caracterización morfológica del retrocruce de S. incanum x S. melongena. Genotipado y desarrollo del mapa genético utilizando SSRs. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/14622Archivo delegad