Nitrogen levels and their fractioning in gladiolus cultivation for Ferralitic Red soils

The objective of this study was to evaluate growing nitrogen levels and application time of the nitrogen fertilizer in gladiolus cultivation. The experiment was carried out at Instituto de Investigaciones Hortículas Liliana Dimitrova (in the Municipality of Quivicán, La Habana, Cuba) in an Oxisol soil, from October to February of the 2004–2005 and 2005–2006 crop seasons. The quality components of the spikes and plant material were evaluated, as well as the effect of the treatments on the plant nutritional state and the shelf life of the spikes. No differences between nitrogen doses and fertilizer application time in quality variables of spikes and corms were observed. Nevertheless, with the variant 70 kg ha-1 of N, one half applied in plantation and the other half applied 60 days later, a higher spike percentage of commercial categories and a lesser number of stems of inferior quality were obtained. As for the plantation nutritional state, there is a positive relation between the applied nitrogen levels and the foliar content of this element.El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar niveles crecientes de nitrógeno y momentos de aplicación del fertilizante nitrogenado en el cultivo del gladiolo. La experiencia se desarrolló en el Instituto de Investigaciones Hortícolas Liliana Dimitrova (Municipio de Quivicán, La Habana, Cuba), en un suelo Ferralítico Rojo, entre los meses de octubre y febrero de las campañas 2004/2005 y 2005/2006. Se evaluaron los componentes de la calidad de las espigas y del material de plantación, así como el efecto de los tratamientos en el estado nutricional de la planta y en la vida en anaquel de las espigas. No se observaron diferencias entre las dosis de nitrógeno y los momentos de aplicación del fertilizante en las variables de calidad de la espiga y del cormo. No obstante, con la variante 70 kg ha-1 de N, aplicada ½ en plantación y ½ a los 60 días posteriores, se logra un mayor porcentaje de espigas ubicadas en las categorías comerciales y un menor número de tallos florales de calidad inferior. En cuanto al estado nutricional de la plantación, existe una relación positiva entre los niveles y los contenidos foliares de nitrógeno aplicados.The objective of this study was to evaluate growing nitrogen levels and application time of the nitrogen fertilizer in gladiolus cultivation. The experiment was carried out at Instituto de Investigaciones Hortículas Liliana Dimitrova (in the Municipality of Quivicán, La Habana, Cuba) in an Oxisol soil, from October to February of the 2004–2005 and 2005–2006 crop seasons. The quality components of the spikes and plant material were evaluated, as well as the effect of the treatments on the plant nutritional state and the shelf life of the spikes. No differences between nitrogen doses and fertilizer application time in quality variables of spikes and corms were observed. Nevertheless, with the variant 70 kg ha-1 of N, one half applied in plantation and the other half applied 60 days later, a higher spike percentage of commercial categories and a lesser number of stems of inferior quality were obtained. As for the plantation nutritional state, there is a positive relation between the applied nitrogen levels and the foliar content of this element

Micobiota de plantas donadoras y contaminantes fúngicos del establecimiento in vitro de especies de bambúes

The presence of fungal contaminants may limit the establishment of bamboos explants. Knowing the contaminant microorganisms present in donor plants allow to trace more appropriate control strategies. This work was aimed to identify the mycobiota of donor plants of bamboo species and to identify the filamentous fungi in the establishment stage to control them. The method of the humid camera was used to determine and to identify the filamentous fungus. Then, direct preparations to the optic microscope of growth fungus were carried out. It was observed that the donor plants of bamboos had a mycobiota composed of diverse generous of filamentous fungi: Alternaria, Botryotrichum, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Fusarium y Nigrospora. The genera Asteromella, Bipolaris and Humicola were identified in the establishment stage, while Alternaria, Botryotrichum, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Fusarium and Nigrospora appeared in donor plants and in the establishment. In species Dendrocalamus asper, Dendrocalamus strictus, Guadua angustifolia and Gigantochloa atter genera Nigrospora showed the highest frequency of appearance, while in Bambusa vulgaris the filamentous fungus with highest frequency was Fusarium. A phytosanitary defense plan for donor plants was developed. It included systemic and contact fungicides which spectrum of activity covered the identified fungi genera.Key words: forestal, filamentous fungi, micropropagationLa presencia de contaminantes fúngicos es uno de los aspectos que puede limitar el establecimiento in vitro de explantes de bambúes. La identificación de los microorganismos presentes en las plantas donadoras permite diseñar estrategias de control adecuadas. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivos: determinar la micobiota de plantas donadoras de especies de bambúes e identificar los hongos filamentosos contaminantes de la fase de establecimiento para su control. Para la determinación e identificación de los hongos filamentosos se utilizó el método de la cámara húmeda y se realizaron preparaciones directas al microscopio óptico del crecimiento fúngico. Se comprobó que las plantas donadoras de bambúes poseían una micobiota integrada por: Alternaria, Botryotrichum, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Fusarium y Nigrospora. Los géneros Asteromella, Bipolaris y Humicola se identificaron en fase de establecimiento, mientras que Alternaria, Botryotrichum, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Fusarium y Nigrospora aparecieron en plantas donadoras y en el establecimiento. En las especies Dendrocalamus asper, Dendrocalamus strictus, Guadua angustifolia y Gigantochloa atter el género Nigrospora fue el de mayor frecuencia de aparición, mientras que en Bambusa vulgaris fue Fusarium. Se confeccionó un plan de defensa fitosanitario para plantas donadoras que incluyó fungicidas sistémicos y de contacto cuyo espectro de acción cubría los géneros de hongos identificados.Palabras clave: forestales, hongos filamentosos, micropropagació

Procesos de Oxidación avanzada en el tratamiento de agua

A lo largo de este libro diversos autores especializados exponen el tema permitiendo al lector encontrar desde principios básicos, hasta aplicaciones de procesos, resultando ser una fuente de consulta con una visión amplia de los procesos de oxidación avanzada y sus aplicaciones dentro del tratamiento de agua.El agua es un líquido vital, sin ella no podemos subsistir. Además de usarla en nuestro hogar, se utiliza en gran variedad de procesos industriales para la transformación de materias primas en productos terminados. El agua usada industrialmente cambia su composición fisicoquímica, ya que agregamos un sinfín de compuestos orgánicos e inorgánicos. Por ello, es necesario desarrollar nuevas metodologías que permitan de manera segura y eficiente recuperar la calidad del agua usada originalmente para poder usarla.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Comparación química entre dos fertilizantes ecológicos de origen natural: CBFERT y BIOPLASMA

En la literatura internacional actual se reporta la obtención de bioestimuladores del crecimiento agrícola que emplean diferentes medios naturales como la Exklonia máxima, F. coronella, Macrocystis integrifolia, etc. Estos aportan fundamentalmente aminoácidos, vitaminas y hormonas que producen un efecto estimulador en el suelo con relación a los distintos elementos primarios, secundarios y microelementos que forman parte de los fertilizantes convencionales. En los últimos años se han utilizado ampliamente los  fertilizantes líquidos bioecológicos debido a la disminución de efectos contaminantes y la mayor asimilación de elementos minerales presentes en el suelo. Los extractos de algas y microalgas marinas presentan un elevado contenido de proteínas las cuales optimizan procesos metabólicos y catalizan fotosíntesis en vegetales. El CBFERT es un fertilizante de producción nacional obtenido mediante su enriquecimiento coniones metálicos acomplejados con EDTA y microalgas (Spirulina platensis). Diferentes fórmulas de estas familias de fertilizantes han sido evaluadas en diversos cultivos con resultados agroeconómicos satisfactorios. El BIOPLASMA es un abono líquido natural que contiene microalgas (F.coronella), el cual es producido por la firma sueca BIOPLASMA AB y ha sido empleado en Cuba con resultados satisfactorios. En este trabajo se realizó una comparación química en cuanto a los nutrimentos esenciales para las plantas N, P, K, Fe, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, Mo y Co, con el objetivo de ofrecer una explicación a los efectos agronómicos favorables observados

Effect of solvents on the morphological characterization of enteric nanoparticles

Size and external and internal morphologies of nanoparticles and microparticles are very important on the design of drug devices for controlled release. Random enteric copolymers such as poly (methacrylic acid-co-ethyl acrylate) and poly (methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) were used to produce nanoparticles, which contain a model drug and could be employed as drug carriers for proteins. The solvent effect on re-dispersion of such nanoparticles was studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and revealed not only differences in size, but also several shapes, depending on the chemical nature of the polymer matrix and the non-solvent used. Acrylate containing copolymers in acidic aqueous dispersions lead to spheroidal particles. However for the copolymer containing methyl methacrylate, spheroidal particles collapsed in a "grenade" type morphology and besides some cubic structures are also formed. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) studies of the re-dispersed nanoparticles showed the strong tendency to form agglomerates not only in acidic water but also in hexane and the presence of bimodal size distributions

EVALUACIÓN DE DOS MEDIOS DE CULTIVO Y HEREDABILIDAD DE PRODUCTIVIDAD Y TIEMPO DE DESARROLLO PARA TRES MUTANTES DE Drosophila melanogaster (DROSOPHILIDAE)

Con el objetivo de investigar el efecto del medio de cultivo en la productividad y tiempo de desarrollo huevo-adulto de una cepa silvestre y tres cepas mutantes (CyLv, vg, w) de Drosophila melanogaster, se examinaron dos tipos de medios: banano y naranja. Para esto se empleó un diseño con dos factores, medio de cultivo y tipo de cepa, para un total de ocho tratamientos con cinco repeticiones cada uno. Se obtuvo que la productividad y el tiempo de desarrollo dependen del medio de cultivo y el tipo de cepa, encontrándose mayor productividad en el medio de naranja. La cepa silvestre presentó la mayor productividad y el menor tiempo de desarrollo en los dos medios (α=0,05). El análisis genético evidenció una heredabilidad baja y una variación fenotípica debida en su mayor parte al componente de interacción genotipo-ambiente, lo que explica la diferencia en el patrón de productividad y tiempo de desarrollo entre medios de cultivo