Data Structures with Java

For a freshman/sophomore-level course in Data Structures in Computer Science. This text teaches the use of direct source code implementations and the use of the Java libraries; it helps students prepare for later work on larger Java software solutions by adhering to software engineering principles and techniques such as the UML and the Java Collections Framework (JCF). Using the spiral approach to cover such topics as linked structures, recursion, and algorithm analysis, this text also provides revealing illustrations, summaries, review questions, and specialized reference sections.https://scholarship.richmond.edu/bookshelf/1129/thumbnail.jp

Electronic structure and spectral properties of Am, Cm and Bk: Charge density self-consistent LDA+HIA calculations in FP-LAPW basis

We provide a straightforward and numerically efficient procedure to perform local density approximation + Hubbard I (LDA+HIA) calculations, including self-consistency over the charge density, within the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. This implementation is all-electron, includes spin-orbit interaction, and makes no shape approximations for the charge density. The method is applied to calculate selected heavy actinides in the paramagnetic phase. The electronic structure and spectral properties of Am and Cm metals obtained are in agreement with previous dynamical mean-field theory (LDA+DMFT) calculations and with available experimental data. We point out that the charge density self-consistent LDA+HIA calculations predict the $f$ charge on Bk to exceed the atomic integer $f^8$ value by 0.22.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figur

Research universities for the 21st century

The `public outcomes` from research universities are educated students and research that extends the frontiers of knowledge. Measures of these `public outcomes` are inadequate to permit either research or education consumers to select research universities based on quantitative performance data. Research universities annually spend over $20 billion on research; 60% of these funds are provided by Federal sources. Federal funding for university research has recently grown at an annual rate near 6% during a time period when other performers of Federal research have experienced real funding cuts. Ten universities receive about 25% of the Federal funds spent on university research. Numerous studies of US research universities are reporting storm clouds. Concerns include balancing research and teaching, the narrow focus of engineering education, college costs, continuing education, and public funding of foreign student education. The absence of research on the `public outcomes` from university research results in opinion, politics, and mythology forming the basis of too many decisions. Therefore, the authors recommend studies of other nations` research universities, studies of various economic models of university research, analysis of the peer review process and how well it identifies the most capable research practitioners and at what cost, and studies of research university ownership of intellectual property that can lead to increased `public outcomes` from publicly-funded research performed by research universities. They advocate two practices that could increase the `public outcomes` from university research. These are the development of science roadmaps that link science research to `public outcomes` and `public outcome` metrics. Changes in the university research culture and expanded use of the Internet could also lead to increased `public outcomes`. They recommend the use of tax incentives to encourage companies to develop research partnerships with research universities

Public outcomes: Building a 21st century national innovation system that serves the public

Federal R and D must be principally focused on solving public problems that the marketplace is failing to address. With few exceptions programs must be supported by roadmaps that show how the R and D is linked to public outcomes. Federal R and D and those who perform it must be judged in terms of the public outcomes. The overarching issues of federal R and D policy, what it should address, how to manage it, who should perform it, how to perform it, what works best, etc. are highly complex and lack a strong theoretical foundation. (In fact, the linear, assembly-line model used by policymakers is wrong.) It is time that policymakers recognize and acknowledge the uncertainty of their work and conduct a wide array of policy experiments (the authors consider SEMATECH such an experiment) that are supported by public outcome metrics. In addition to making federal R and D better address public needs, such an approach to policy making could raise the public`s interest in T and S policy. Of course, as in any experiment the results may be measured and if failures aren`t observed, it is likely that policies lack vision and imagination. It is time to abandon the budget driven federal R and D system where performers of federal R and D are treated as constituents, and replace it with a public problem--public outcome driven system where public problems are prioritized and the budget is distributed to agencies according to these priorities

Applying the Retarded Solutions of Electromagnetic Fields to Transmission Line RLGC Modeling

The RLGC model, and its variations, is one of the most common techniques to simulate Transmission Lines. The RLGC model uses circuit network elements consisting of Resistance R, Inductance L, Conductance G and Capacitance C (per unit length) to represent a small segment of the Transmission Line, and then cascades multiple segments to simulate the Transmission Line of arbitrary length. Typically the parameters in RLGC model are extracted from the propagation constant and characteristic impedance of the transmission line, which are found using numerical simulation methods. These resulting RLGC parameters for multi-GHz signaling are usually frequency-dependent. This paper introduces an analytical approach to extract RLGC parameters to simulate transmission line, which results in a different model, the RLGC(p) model

Applying the Retarded Solutions of Electromagnetic Fields to Transmission Line RLGC Modeling

The RLGC model, and its variations, is one of the most common techniques to simulate Transmission Lines. The RLGC model uses circuit network elements consisting of Resistance R, Inductance L, Conductance G and Capacitance C (per unit length) to represent a small segment of the Transmission Line, and then cascades multiple segments to simulate the Transmission Line of arbitrary length. Typically the parameters in RLGC model are extracted from the propagation constant and characteristic impedance of the transmission line, which are found using numerical simulation methods. These resulting RLGC parameters for multi-GHz signaling are usually frequency-dependent. This paper introduces an analytical approach to extract RLGC parameters to simulate transmission line, which results in a different model, the RLGC(p) model

The role of L-carnitine in treatment of a murine model of asthma.

Leukotrienes, one of the mediators of inflammation in asthma, have a strong bronchoconstrictive effect. L-carnitine has been reported to influence respiratory functions. It has also been reported that L-carnitine inhibits leukotriene synthesis. To evaluate the effects of L-carnitine on oxygen saturation, urine leukotriene E4 levels and lung histopathology in a murine model of asthma, high IgE responder BALB/c mice (n = 24) were systemically sensitized to ovalbumin and chronically challenged with low particle mass concentrations of aerosolized ovalbumin, and then they were divided into 3 groups (study groups A, B, and C) each including eight mice. After methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction, the mice in groups A and B were given intraperitoneal L-carnitine (250 and 125 mg/kg, respectively), while the mice in group C were given placebo. Oxygen saturation of the mice was measured by pulse oxymeter before and after methacholine and after L-carnitine/ placebo application. In addition, urine leukotriene E4 levels were measured before asthma development, and 24-h after L-carnitine injection in asthmatic mice. Inflammation in the lung tissues of the sacrificed animals was scored histopathologically to determine the effect of L-carnitine on tissue level. A control group of non-sensitized mice (n = 8) treated with placebo only was used for comparison of urine leukotriene E4 levels and of histopathological parameters. Oxygen saturation of the mice in the study groups tended to decrease after methacholine and to improve after L-carnitine injection, although these changes were not significant at all time points. Urine leukotriene E4 levels of all 3 study groups increased significantly after asthma development. The rate of increment was smallest in the group given the highest L-carnitine dose (group A). Inflammation at the tissue level was also mildest in group A, and severest in the group that was not given carnitine (group C). All of the study groups and the control group differed significantly with respect to inflammation scores. In conclusion, L-carnitine improved oxygen saturation, and decreased urine leukotriene E4 levels and inflammation in lung tissues in the present murine model of asthma.</p

A Density Functional Study of Atomic Hydrogen and Oxygen Chemisorption on the Relaxed (0001) Surface of Double Hexagonal Close Packed Americium

Ab initio total energy calculations within the framework of density functional theory have been performed for atomic hydrogen and oxygen chemisorption on the (0001) surface of double hexagonal packed americium using a full-potential all-electron linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbitals method. Chemisorption energies were optimized with respect to the distance of the adatom from the relaxed surface for three adsorption sites, namely top, bridge, and hollow hcp sites, the adlayer structure corresponding to coverage of a 0.25 monolayer in all cases. Chemisorption energies were computed at the scalar-relativistic level (no spin-orbit coupling NSOC) and at the fully relativistic level (with spin-orbit coupling SOC). The two-fold bridge adsorption site was found to be the most stable site for O at both the NSOC and SOC theoretical levels with chemisorption energies of 8.204 eV and 8.368 eV respectively, while the three-fold hollow hcp adsorption site was found to be the most stable site for H with chemisorption energies of 3.136 eV at the NSOC level and 3.217 eV at the SOC level. The respective distances of the H and O adatoms from the surface were found to be 1.196 Ang. and 1.164 Ang. Overall our calculations indicate that chemisorption energies in cases with SOC are slightly more stable than the cases with NSOC in the 0.049-0.238 eV range. The work functions and net magnetic moments respectively increased and decreased in all cases compared with the corresponding quantities of bare dhcp Am (0001) surface. The partial charges inside the muffin-tins, difference charge density distributions, and the local density of states have been used to analyze the Am-adatom bond interactions in detail. The implications of chemisorption on Am 5f electron localization-delocalization are also discussed.Comment: 9 Tables, 5 figure