Characterization and Strategies for Implementing Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems in Consolidated Cities with High Flood Risk. Case Study: Barranquilla - Colombia

Urban Water Managemen

Updating freeTribe to Support Efficient Synchronous Awareness in the Web Context

Abstract: The research field of Computer-Supported Cooperative Work has been reflected fundamentally in theoretical contributions. This contributions have constitute the base to carry out several intents to facilitate the work of the collaborative systems developers, however, current tool-kits, APIs or class libraries only eliminate partially the gap between the technical aspects that impose the information technology and the stressed social character of the process of collaboration in the World Wide Web. In this paper is presented the framework freeTribe, which involve the domain of the distributed groupwares leaning on the Cooperative Model of the methodology AMENITIES, in the middleware platform ICE and in RIA technologies; freeTribe has been designed as a software framework, to maximize its reusability and adaptability with a minimal programming effort. Support for synchronous group tasks in the Web context is increasingly recognized as a desideratum for collaborative systems and several tools have emerged recently that help groups of people with the same goals to work together, but many issues for these collaborative systems remain under studied. We identified synchronous awareness as one of these issues in collaborative systems, and updated freeTribe with four well-accepted kinds of awareness (group awareness, workspace awareness, contextual awareness, and peripheral awareness) by the community focusing our interest in its synchronous mechanism for efficient interaction in Web contexts.Keywords: computer-supported cooperative work, groupware, synchronous awareness.

Relationship Between Dyslipidemia and Obesity in Children

Purpose: Dyslipidemia is a general term that refers to abnormal levels of lipids. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship among the nutritional state and the percentage of body fat with the levels of lipids in 10 to 13 year old children living in the city of Durango, Mexico. Method: The study was carried out with 823 elementary school children. The selection was done at random. The biochemical studies were done in a subpopulation of 425 children. Each child underwent the following studies: sociodemographic, anthropometric and corporal composition. After fasting overnight, a venous blood sample was obtained. lipid profile including cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and triglycerides were determined in serum. In order to classify lipid levels we used the reference values suggested by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). The desirable values were: TC \u3c170 mg\u3e/dl, HDL -C \u3e45 mg/dl, LDL -C \u3c110 mg\u3e/dl and TG \u3c100 mg\u3e/dl. The nutritional state was calculated according the age and sex specific BMI values developed by the CDC. Fat mass content was determined using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (Tanita TBF-215). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS14. Results: This study included 428 (52%) boys and 395 (48%) girls. Mean age was 11.5 years. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 36.7. In the population studied we found abnormal levels of lipids in: cholesterol (41.8%), HDL-C (55.8%), LDL-C (32.3%) and TG (38.5%). The girls showed lower levels of HDL-C than the boys (p \u3c 0.05), the other lipoproteins were not statistical different ( p \u3e 0.05). The lipids levels (TC, LDL-C and TG) were higher in those with a BMI greater than 85 th percentile of BMI, and DHL-C was lower. In those with a body fat greater than 20%, all the lipids levels resulted abnormal. Conclusions: A high risk of dislypidemia was associated with gender, BMI and body fat

La oralitura del pueblo wayuu para el fortalecimiento de la expresión oral en los estudiantes de grado quinto de primaria del centro educativo indígena N°6 de Paraguachón la Guajira

Apéndice A. Carpeta de evidencia de la práctica pedagógicaEl presente estudio tiene como propósito Analizar la oralitura del pueblo wayuu, para el fortalecimiento de la expresión oral en los estudiantes de grado cuarto de primaria del Centro Educativo Indígena N°6 de Paraguachón, la Guajira. Para resolver el problema de investigación se abordó desde lo metodológico bajo un enfoque de investigación tipo Fenomenológico- positivista, el método fue cualitativo y diseño etnográfico, como instrumento se aplicaron encuestas y registro en diarios de campo a una población total de 30 alumnos y 5 docentes. Quienes representan el total de la muestra para esta investigación, como principales resultados se encontraron varias deficiencias en la planeación y desarrollo de los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje de la expresión oral y escrita además, se evidenció una omisión de contenidos culturales referencias a cuentos, historias, mitos o narraciones de la etnia wayuu, que debería ser transversal y estar presente en todas las áreas del conocimiento, la mayoría de los docentes no son wayuu ni hablantes del wayuunaiki, lo cual dificulta en gran medida el desarrollo de la oralitura. En el Grado cuarto de dicha institución educativa, como conclusiones principales, se destaca que con respecto a la estrategia didáctica les permitió a los estudiantes participar activa y decididamente en cada una de las actividades propuestas, experiencias novedosas en las que el trabajo colaborativo y el seguimiento de instrucciones les permitió ir desarrollando su oralidad compartida.The purpose of this study is to analyze the orality of the Wayuu people, for the strengthening of oral expression in fourth grade students of the Indigenous Educational Center No. 6 of Paraguachón, La Guajira. To solve the research problem, it was approached from the methodological point of view under a Phenomenological-positivist research approach, the method was qualitative and ethnographic design. As an instrument, surveys and recording in field diaries were applied to a total population of 30 students and 5 classroom teachers, who represent the total sample for this research. As main results, several deficiencies were found in the planning and development of the teaching-learning processes of oral and written expression, in addition, an omission of cultural contents was evidenced, references to tales, stories, myths or narratives of the Wayuu ethnic group, which should Being transversal and being present in all areas of knowledge, most of the teachers are neither Wayuu nor Wayuunaiki speakers, which greatly hinders the development of oraliture in the fourth grade of said Educational Institution. As main conclusions, it is highlighted that with respect to the didactic strategy it allowed the students to participate actively and resolutely in each of the proposed activities; novel experiences in which collaborative work and following instructions allowed them to develop their shared orality

Problemas de orientación y mediación de la evaluación formativa en la educación superior mediada por las TIC: caso UNAD

TablasLa propuesta de la investigación está enmarcada dentro de una invitación a la reflexión acerca de la orientación y evaluación para el aprendizaje para cualificar la calidad académica en un contexto más equitativo, basados en la premisa que la motivación y orientación del estudiante debe ser prioridad del docente, entendiendo esta como la base de todo aprendizaje y la única forma de movilizar y generar competencias en los estudiantes y que esas competencias individuales, se potencialicen en cada una de los diferentes componentes del E-learning. Para ello el acompañamiento del tutor deberá ser permanente, oportuno con una comunicación fluida, aprovechando las herramientas que de los ambientes virtuales ofrecen de forma individual y colaborativa pero siempre haciendo estricta orientación y evaluación de cada uno de los procesos que estructuran el aprendizaje a través de las TIC.The proposed research is framed within an invitation to reflect on the orientation and assessment for learning for qualifying academic quality at a fair playing field, based on the premise that motivation and student orientation should be a priority of teachers , understood as the foundation of all learning and the only way to mobilize and build competencies in students and that these individual competences, potentializing in each of the different components of E-learning. To do the accompaniment of the guardian must be permanent, timely communication with a fluency, using the tools of virtual environments offer individually but always evaluating collaborative transversely to the strict educational process and orienting each one of the processes that structure learning through ICT

Enzymatic, immunological and phylogenetic characterization of Brucella suis urease

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The sequenced genomes of the <it>Brucella </it>spp. have two urease operons, <it>ure</it>-1 and <it>ure</it>-2, but there is evidence that only one is responsible for encoding an active urease. The present work describes the purification and the enzymatic and phylogenomic characterization of urease from <it>Brucella suis </it>strain 1330. Additionally, the urease reactivity of sera from patients diagnosed with brucellosis was examined.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Urease encoded by the <it>ure</it>-1 operon of <it>Brucella suis </it>strain 1330 was purified to homogeneity using ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatographies. The urease was purified 51-fold with a recovery of 12% of the enzyme activity and 0.24% of the total protein. The enzyme had an isoelectric point of 5, and showed optimal activity at pH 7.0 and 28–35°C. The purified enzyme exhibited a Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetics with a <it>K</it>_{<it>m </it>}of 5.60 ± 0.69 mM. Hydroxyurea and thiourea are competitive inhibitors of the enzyme with K_iof 1.04 ± 0.31 mM and 26.12 ± 2.30 mM, respectively. Acetohydroxamic acid also inhibits the enzyme in a competitive way. The molecular weight estimated for the native enzyme was between 130–135 kDa by gel filtration chromatography and 157 ± 7 kDa using 5–10% polyacrylamide gradient non-denaturing gel. Only three subunits in SDS-PAGE were identified: two small subunits of 14,000 Da and 15,500 Da, and a major subunit of 66,000 Da. The amino terminal sequence of the purified large subunit corresponded to the predicted amino acid sequence encoded by <it>ureC1</it>. The UreC1 subunit was recognized by sera from patients with acute and chronic brucellosis. By phylogenetic and cluster structure analyses, <it>ureC1 </it>was related to the <it>ureC </it>typically present in the <it>Rhizobiales</it>; in contrast, the <it>ureC2 </it>encoded in the <it>ure</it>-2 operon is more related to distant species.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We have for the first time purified and characterized an active urease from <it>B. suis</it>. The enzyme was characterized at the kinetic, immunological and phylogenetic levels. Our results confirm that the active urease of <it>B. suis </it>is a product of <it>ure</it>-1 operon.</p

Unique Features of HLA-Mediated HIV Evolution in a Mexican Cohort: A Comparative Study

Background: Mounting evidence indicates that HLA-mediated HIV evolution follows highlystereotypic pathways that result in HLA-associated footprints in HIV at the population level.However, it is not known whether characteristic HLA frequency distributions in differentpopulations have resulted in additional unique footprints. Methods: The phylogenetic dependency network model was applied to assess HLA-mediatedevolution in datasets of HIV pol sequences from free plasma viruses and peripheral bloodmononuclear cell (PBMC)-integrated proviruses in an immunogenetically unique cohort of Mexicanindividuals. Our data were compared with data from the IHAC cohort, a large multi-center cohortof individuals from Canada, Australia and the USA.Results: Forty three different HLA-HIV codon associations representing 30 HLA-HIV codon pairswere observed in the Mexican cohort (q &lt; 0.2). Strikingly, 23 (53%) of these associations differedfrom those observed in the well-powered IHAC cohort, strongly suggesting the existence of uniquecharacteristics in HLA-mediated HIV evolution in the Mexican cohort. Furthermore, 17 of the 23novel associations involved HLA alleles whose frequencies were not significantly different fromthose in IHAC, suggesting that their detection was not due to increased statistical power but todifferences in patterns of epitope targeting. Interestingly, the consensus differed in four positionsbetween the two cohorts and three of these positions could be explained by HLA-associated selection. Additionally, different HLA-HIV codon associations were seen when comparing HLAmediatedselection in plasma viruses and PBMC archived proviruses at the population level, with asignificantly lower number of associations in the proviral dataset. Conclusion: Our data support universal HLA-mediated HIV evolution at the population level,resulting in detectable HLA-associated footprints in the circulating virus. However, it also stronglysuggests that unique genetic backgrounds in different HIV-infected populations may influence HIVevolution in a particular direction as particular HLA-HIV codon associations are determined byspecific HLA frequency distributions. Our analysis also suggests a dynamic HLA-associatedevolution in HIV with fewer HLA-HIV codon associations observed in the proviral compartment,which is likely enriched in early archived HIV sequences, compared to the plasma viruscompartment. These results highlight the importance of comparative HIV evolutionary studies inimmunologically different populations worldwide

Supercritical Extraction Process of Allspice Essential Oil

Se presentan los resultados del proceso de extracción de aceite de pimienta utilizando dióxido de carbono supercríticoAllspice essential oil was extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) in a static process at three different temperatures (308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K), and four levels of pressure (100, 200, 300 and 360 bar). The amount of oil extracted was measured at intervals of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6h, the most extraction yield reached was of 68.47% at 318.15K, 360 bar and 6h of contact time. In this supercritical extraction process, the distribution coefficient (KD), the mean effective diffusion coefficient (Def), the energy of activation (Ea), the thermodynamic properties (ΔG0, ΔH0 and ΔS0) and the apparent solubility (S) expressed as mass fraction (w/w) were evaluated for the first time. At the equilibrium the experimental apparent solubility data were successfully correlated with the modified Chrastil equation

Resistance Factors in the Use of Free Textbooks Syllabus 2022

El articulo de investigación hace referencia a la situación educativa actual del ciclo escolar 2023-2024, donde existe resistencia por parte de los actores educativos, siendo estos los tutores(as) responsables y un numero menor de docentes, que no aprueban el uso de los nuevos libros de textos gratuitos, correspondiente al programa de estudios 2022, por lo que existe resistencia para su aplicación, dicha investigación es de corte cualitativo, y se centra en la comparativa de dos centros de trabajo uno situado en un municipio llamado Cardenas y el segundo Centro, siendo este sede de la capital del estado de Tabasco, ambos centro escolares siendo de organización completa, aunque su contexto varia, la primera en una ranchería del municipio en cuestión y la segunda dentro de la capital del estado. El análisis de esta situación de investigación cuestiona los elementos y/o factores que intervinieron previo, durante y posterior a la aplicación de los libros de textos gratuitos, donde participaron distintos actores educativos en sus respectivos niveles de responsabilidad-autoridad.The research article refers to the current educational situation of the 2023-2024 school year, where there is resistance from educational actors, these being the responsible tutors and a smaller number of teachers, who do not approve the use of the new free textbooks, corresponding to the 2022 curriculum, so there is resistance to its application, This research is qualitative, and focuses on the comparison of two work centers one located in a municipality called Cardenas and the second Center, being this headquarters of the capital of the state of Tabasco, both schools being of complete organization, although their context varies, the first in a ranchería of the municipality in question and the second within the capital of the state. The analysis of this research situation questions the elements and/or factors that intervened before, during and after the application of free textbooks, where different educational actors participated at their respective levels of responsibility-authority

Insulin Resistance and Obesity in Mexican Youth

Purpose: Although research shows that prevalence rates of insulin resistance (IR) is increasing in children, little is known about the impact of obesity in IR in Mexican youth. This study investigated the association between overweight, obesity, and insulin resistance in Mexican adolescents. Methods: Data were collected from 448 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years from a random sample of a high school student population in Durango, Mexico. After fasting overnight, blood samples were obtained from participants. Glucose, insulin, lipid profile, leptin, insulin growth factor, growth hormone, cortisol, TNF-alpha, and C-reactive protein were determined in serum. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated using CDC parameters. Fat mass was determined using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. THE HOMA index was used to calculate IR and a Keskin diagnosis value of 3.1 was considered. Statistical analyses were conducted. Results: The mean age of the sample was 15.44 years and a majority was female (61.4%). Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 31.9%. The BMI mean was slightly higher in females (65.5) than in males (61.1) (p \u3e0.05). Females had a greater mean of body fat percentage (31.9) than males (20.2) (p\u3c 0.05). Prevalence of resistance to insulin by HOMA-IR was 14.4% with no statistically significant gender differences. The IR mean was higher in adolescents with greater BMI (≥85th percentile) than those with low and normal BMI (\u3c85th percentile) (p \u3c0.05). Adolescents with high IR levels (≥3.1) had higher mean values of corporal fat (37.69%) and BMI (89.76) than those with lower IR levels (\u3c3.1) and lower corporal fat and BMI values (26.4%3 and 61.67, respectively). Conclusions: The significant association found between obesity and insulin resistance in Mexican adolescents suggests a greater risk for the development of degenerative disease in this young population during adulthood. Public health programs among Mexican adolescents are essential to prevent obesity and IR related consequences