Festo Corp. v. Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co.: A Fog Between the Bars

This Note examines the interplay between the judicially-created patent law rules of prosecution history estoppel and the doctrine of equivalents. Part II explores the development of these rules as well as their effects and underlying goals. Part II also discusses landmark Supreme Court decisions regarding the doctrine of equivalents and prosecution history estoppel and how the Federal Circuit has applied these rules. Part III discusses the United States Supreme Court decision in Festo Corporation v. Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co. Finally, Part IV analyzes the Festo decision, explains that the decision will likely increase the cost and complexity of patent prosecution and litigation, and offers an alternate approach

SCORING A CHILDHOOD FAVORITE: The Grim Adventures of Billy and Mandy: Dream a Little Dream

The contents of this paper are the culmination of all the knowledge, experiences and work acquired during the year of Master of Music in Scoring for Film, Television and Video Games. Using all that we had learned, we started by finding some media that we would like to score (short film, animation, video game, script, etc.), and the tempo and markers in the media, create a mock-up and several revisions of our score for the media, prepare the score and parts, prepare for recording in one of the most esteemed and respected studios in the world, and mixing/mastering the recording for premier. Having gone to undergraduate for composition, I felt comfortable in my composition, orchestration, and preparatory skills coming into the program. I knew that my biggest challenges would be reading scenes to extract the emotion out of them and creating realistic mock-ups. I had done a little work with mock-ups and scoring for media in my undergraduate, but never really dedicated much time to either of these things. I wanted my thesis project to really showcase my style and be unlike anything else I had done before. I also knew that it was going to be hard work, but it would be worth it. This year has certainly been a strange one with the coronavirus breakout, especially with the thesis project. I hope that someone looking at this reflection in the future might be inspired, guided, and/or calmed by seeing what it was like to prepare this project in the midst of a pandemic, when nothing is certain and everything is changing all the time.https://remix.berklee.edu/graduate-studies-scoring/1163/thumbnail.jp

Bild und Anstiftung: Die Harlan, Hippler, und Rupprecht Verfahren in Nachkriegsdeutschland 1945-51

Diese Dissertation untersucht die rechtliche Anwendbarkeit einer strafrechtlichen Anklage wegen Anstiftung durch Bilderzeugnisse von ihrer ersten Erwähnung am Internationalen Militärgerichtshof (MT) anhand der Fälle Streicher und Fritzsche in der Zeit nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg. Da keiner der Angeklagten weder beim IMT noch beim NMT (Nürnberger Militärtribunale, 1946-9) speziell wegen Volksverhetzung durch Bild- und Filmerzeugnisse angeklagt wurde, blieb es eine offene Frage, ob hasserfüllte und aufhetzende Bilder den gleichen Stellenwert hatten wie die Aufstachelung durch gedruckte oder gesprochene Worte. Die Alliierten stellten diese rechtliche Verbindung nie her. Die deutschen Spruchkammern und die Justiz der Nachkriegszeit während des Entnazifizierungsprozesses taten es jedoch, um Mitglieder und Vermittler des ehemaligen nationalsozialistischen Regimes zu identifizieren und zu bestrafen. Diese Bemühungen wurden durch rechtliche, historische, politische, soziale und praktische Faktoren beeinträchtigt: Die verschiedenen Verfahren warfen die Frage der Hetze (gegen Juden und andere) in den Fällen gegen die Filmregisseure Veit Harlan und Fritz Hippler und gegen Julius Streichers Karikaturisten Philipp Rupprecht auf. Diese drei Ermittlungen stellen die einzigen Fälle dar, in denen eine Anstiftung durch das Bild in Betracht gezogen wurde. Die Vereinigten Staaten haben die rechtliche Natur der Aufhetzung ausführlich untersucht – auf analoge Weise, die dem deutschen Nachkriegsrecht zugute gekommen sein könnte, als es darum kämpfte, sich mit dem Erbe des Nationalsozialismus auseinanderzusetzen – aber nur die Deutschen selbst versuchten, die Verantwortung auf diejenigen auszudehnen, die Deutschland von 1933-45 mit antisemitischen Bilder überfluteten. Die gleichen Bilder durchdringen heute das Internet und schüren immer noch Hass, sowohl nationale als auch internationale Rechtssysteme befinden sich heute immer noch an der gleichen Stelle wie in den Jahren unmittelbar nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg

Monotonic properties of the shift and penetration factors

We study derivatives of the shift and penetration factors of collision theory with respect to energy, angular momentum, and charge. Definitive results for the signs of these derivatives are found for the repulsive Coulomb case. In particular, we find that the derivative of the shift factor with respect to energy is positive for the repulsive Coulomb case, a long anticipated but heretofore unproven result. These results are closely connected to the properties of the sum of squares of the regular and irregular Coulomb functions; we also present investigations of this quantity.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figur

Origami constraints on the initial-conditions arrangement of dark-matter caustics and streams

In a cold-dark-matter universe, cosmological structure formation proceeds in rough analogy to origami folding. Dark matter occupies a three-dimensional 'sheet' of free- fall observers, non-intersecting in six-dimensional velocity-position phase space. At early times, the sheet was flat like an origami sheet, i.e. velocities were essentially zero, but as time passes, the sheet folds up to form cosmic structure. The present paper further illustrates this analogy, and clarifies a Lagrangian definition of caustics and streams: caustics are two-dimensional surfaces in this initial sheet along which it folds, tessellating Lagrangian space into a set of three-dimensional regions, i.e. streams. The main scientific result of the paper is that streams may be colored by only two colors, with no two neighbouring streams (i.e. streams on either side of a caustic surface) colored the same. The two colors correspond to positive and negative parities of local Lagrangian volumes. This is a severe restriction on the connectivity and therefore arrangement of streams in Lagrangian space, since arbitrarily many colors can be necessary to color a general arrangement of three-dimensional regions. This stream two-colorability has consequences from graph theory, which we explain. Then, using N-body simulations, we test how these caustics correspond in Lagrangian space to the boundaries of haloes, filaments and walls. We also test how well outer caustics correspond to a Zel'dovich-approximation prediction.Comment: Clarifications and slight changes to match version accepted to MNRAS. 9 pages, 5 figure

Evaluating epistemic uncertainty under incomplete assessments

The thesis of this study is to propose an extended methodology for laboratory based Information Retrieval evaluation under incomplete relevance assessments. This new methodology aims to identify potential uncertainty during system comparison that may result from incompleteness. The adoption of this methodology is advantageous, because the detection of epistemic uncertainty - the amount of knowledge (or ignorance) we have about the estimate of a system's performance - during the evaluation process can guide and direct researchers when evaluating new systems over existing and future test collections. Across a series of experiments we demonstrate how this methodology can lead towards a finer grained analysis of systems. In particular, we show through experimentation how the current practice in Information Retrieval evaluation of using a measurement depth larger than the pooling depth increases uncertainty during system comparison