The influence of numerical variability in small-sided games on youth football goalkeepers’ tactical-technical behaviour

Purpose. The main purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the tactical-technical behaviour of football goal keepers (GKs) across 5 small-sided games (SSGs) formats with temporary numerical variability. Methods. The sample involved 4 male under-17 GKs from the same team aged 16.1 ± 0.52 years. Three sessions were held on 3 different days to collect information. On each day, the 10-minute SSGs exercise with temporary numerical vari ability was repeated twice. The numerical ratio of players changed every 2 minutes without interrupting the practice. The exercise always started with a situation of 3 vs. 3 + GK (‘+ GK’ for both teams in each format), going through 4 vs. 3 + GK, 5 vs. 3 + GK, 3 vs. 4 + GK, and 3 vs. 5 + GK. Results. The 3 vs. 3 + GK format and the numeric superiority by 1 and 2 (4 vs. 3 + GK and 5 vs. 3 + GK) induced fewer defensive tasks in comparison with numeric inferiority (3 vs. 4 + GK and 3 vs. 5 + GK). From an offensive perspective, 3 vs. 3 + GK caused more offensive tasks in comparison with numeric superiority by 1 and 2 (4 vs. 3 + GK and 5 vs. 3 + GK). However, the game formats in numeric inferiority (3 vs. 4 + GK and 3 vs. 5 + GK) induced more offensive tasks. Conclusions. This study suggests the use of temporary numerical variability SSGs to increase offensive and defensive GK tactical-technical behaviour.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A INTERCEPTAÇÃO TELEFÔNICA E SUA IMPORTÂNCIA NO PROCESSO PENAL BRASILEIRO

A proposta do artigo é analisar a importância da interceptação telefônica no direito processual brasileiro. A lei federal nº 9.296/96 formaliza o procedimento necessário para que o direito à inviolabilidade das comunicações seja relativizado para atender as demandas de provas e meios de obtenção de provas no processo penal brasileiro. O presente artigo discorre sobre princípios constitucionais penais que permitem a existência deste instituto, além de analisar minuciosamente os requisitos legais para a autorização da interceptação das comunicações telefônicas e telemáticas de um indivíduo. Ademais, algumas outras problemáticas doutrinárias serão abordadas e jurisprudência sobre a temática será exposta e analisada para corroborar o posicionamento da pesquisa em tela. &nbsp

Space without smoke: uma experiência em microgravidade

Em 11 e 13 de Setembro de 2002 realizaram- se os voos da 5th Student Parabolic Flight Campaign promovido pela Agência Espacial Europeia (ESA), na qual participaram 32 equipas de 15 países, uma das quais portuguesa. A experiência do projecto português Space without Smoke foi bem sucedida e despertou grande interesse dos responsáveis da organização

The relationship between different large-sided games and official matches on professional football players’ locomotor intensity

© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Large-sided games (LSG) are commonly used in the training contexts for providing either technical/tactical or locomotor/physiological stimuli. Despite natural similarities with the official match, the locomotor profile seems to be different, which must be considered by the coaches to identify compensatory strategies for achieving the ideal dose of training. The aim of this study was two-fold: (1) to investigate the locomotor demands imposed by LSGs and the official matches; and (2) to compare the effect of different pitch sizes' LSG conditions in the locomotor demands. This study followed an observational design. Sixteen professional football players from the same team (26.3 ± 3.0 years old) were included. The study was conducted over four weeks. The same GK + 10 × 10 + GK play format with different pitch sizes (i.e., area per player ranging between 195 m2 to 291 m2) was analyzed. Three official matches were also collected in which the 10 most demanding minutes were considered for further comparisons. Only the same players who participated in matches were considered in comparison with the LSG. The data were obtained using a 10-Hz global positioning system technology. Total distance (TD) and mechanical work (MW) scores increased 20% and 23%, respectively, between the smallest and biggest pitch sizes (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in locomotor intensity metrics between opponents from different positions on the table (p = 0.001). The biggest LSG (i.e., 291 m2 per player) was the only one that required similar levels of locomotor intensity as required in the official full match. The present study demonstrates that LSG pitch size variation requires different locomotor intensities. Bigger pitch sizes cause an increase in TD and MW. In addition, considering the position on the table, the level of opponents induces different TD covered. Finally, the largest LSG simulates the official match more accurately.This work was supported by the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES, “Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives,” granted by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant Number: 51NF40-185901). A.I. acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant Number: 10001C_189407). R.C. and E.R.G. acknowledge support from LARSyS—Portuguese national funding agency for science, research, and technology (FCT) pluriannual funding 2020–2023 (Reference: UIDB/50009/2020). This study is framed in Marítimo Training Lab Project. The project received funding under application no. M1420-01-0247-FEDER-000033 in the System of Incentives for the Production of Scientific and Technological Knowledge in the Autonomous Region of Madeira—PROCiência 2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The influence of small-sided football games with numerical variability in external training load

: Small-sided games (SSGs) are a motivational strategy and effective training method to develop skills and physical fitness at optimal intensity. This study investigates the influence of variability in the number of players on the physiological response using SSGs. The sample was composed of 10 field players with an average age of 15.9 ± 0.50 years old. Three sessions were held on 3 different days to collect information. The 10 min SSG exercise with temporal numerical variability was repeated twice on each day. The numerical ratio of players involved changed every 2 min without disrupting the practice. In a game space with 35 × 25 m, the exercise always started in a situation of 3 vs. 3. External training load metrics (i.e., physical activity counts, activity intensity, and energy expenditure) were assessed using Actigraph WGT3X accelerometers. The 3 vs. 3 format game had higher physical activity counts (i.e., higher vector magnitude) and requested more time spent in very vigorous physical activity intensity. Consequently, the 3 vs. 3 format in young football players had higher energy expenditure (i.e., a higher METs) than that in the other studied game formats. This study confirms the influence of SSGs with numerical variability in external training load.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Sports Injuries of a portuguese professional football team during three consecutive seasons

© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Professional football players are exposed to high injury risk due to the physical demands of this sport. The purpose of this study was to characterize the injuries of a professional football team in the First Portuguese League over three consecutive sports seasons. Seventy-one male professional football players in the First Portuguese Football League were followed throughout the sports seasons of 2019/2020, 2020/2021, and 2021/2022. In total, 84 injuries were recorded. Each player missed an average of 16.6 days per injury. Lower limbs were massively affected by injuries across all three seasons, mainly with muscular injuries in the quadriceps and hamstrings and sprains in the tibiotarsal structure. Overall, the injury incidence was considerably higher in matches than in training. The two times of the season that proved most conducive to injuries were the months of July and January. Our results emphasize the importance of monitoring sports performance, including injury occurrence, and assisting in identifying risk factors in professional football. Designing individualized training programs and optimizing prevention and recovery protocols are crucial for maximizing this global process.C.F. and E.G. acknowledge support from LARSyS—Portuguese national funding agency for science, research, and technology (FCT) pluriannual funding 2020–2023 (Reference: UIDB/50009/2020). This study was framed in the Marítimo Training Lab Project. The project received funding under application no. M1420-01-0247-FEDER-000033 in the System of Incentives for the Production of Scientific and Technological Knowledge in the Autonomous Region of Madeira—PROCiência 2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Environmentally mediated reproductive success predicts breeding dispersal decisions in an early successional amphibian

Dispersal is a central mechanism in ecology and evolution. Dispersal evolution is driven by a trade-off between costs and benefits, which is influenced by interindividual variability and local environmental conditions (context-dependent dispersal). Many studies have investigated how dispersal decisions may be influenced by environmental factors, including density, predation and interspecific competition. Yet few have attempted to examine how habitat disturbance may affect the dispersal process in spatially structured populations. In early successional species, one might expect individuals to adjust their dispersal decisions based on two main factors that potentially have an influence on reproductive success: patch size and the level of patch disturbance. In this study, we examined how these two factors affect breeding success and dispersal decisions in an early successional amphibian, the yellow- bellied toad, Bombina variegata. To this end, we used capture–recapture data collected on a spatially structured population occupying 28 breeding patches. We took advantage of recent developments in multievent capture–recapture models to detect signs of context-dependent dispersal. The results revealed that the probability of successful reproduction and the number of newly metamorphosed individuals increased with both the size and the proportion of disturbance of a patch. In addition, our results showed that the factors affecting breeding success also influenced breeding dispersal probability. Large patch size negatively influenced emigration probability; in contrast, it positively influenced immigration probability. Equally, higher disturbance had a strong negative influence on emigration probability and slightly positively affected immigration probability. These findings strongly suggest that individuals make context-dependent dispersal decisions, adjusted to maximize future fitness prospects in a patch, allowing them to better cope with rapid changes in environmental conditions resulting from the ecological succession process. This opens new areas of potential research into the role of dispersal in organism specialization along an ecological succession gradient

Competence-based performance assessment : a model which integrates competence-based management, balanced scorecard and 360º feedback

Este artigo avalia a percepção de funcionários do Banco do Brasil acerca do novo modelo de gestão de desempenho adotado pela empresa. A pesquisa, de caráter descritivo e exploratório, utilizou-se de questionário semi-estruturado para coleta de dados quantitativos e qualitativos. A amostra foi constituída por 532 funcionários de nove unidades do banco, nas quais o modelo foi implementado para fins de validação. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, de variância e fatorial entre as variáveis componentes do estudo, e análise de conteúdo dos dados qualitativos. Os resultados indicam ser muito positiva a percepção dos sujeitos da pesquisa. O novo instrumento foi considerado mais eficaz, democrático e participativo, conseguindo integrar pressupostos de modelos e instrumentos de gestão referenciados pela literatura como modernos e eficazes, como a gestão por competências, o balanced scorecard e a avaliação 360 graus. Para finalizar, são apresentadas recomendações práticas e sugestões para realização de pesquisas futuras.The present work aims to assess the perception of Bank of Brazil employees on the new model of performance assessment adopted by the bank. This exploratory and descriptive research used a semi-structured questionnaire to collect the quantitative and qualitative data. The sample consisted of 532 employees working in the nine branches of the bank where the model was implemented for validation. Descriptive, factorial and variance analyses were made on the variables involved in the study, and analysis of the qualitative data. The new tool was considered more effective, democratic, participative and able to integrate postulates of management models and tools such as Competence-Based Management, Balanced Scorecard and 360º Feedback, which are accredited by the literature as being modern and effective. Practical advice and future directions for this sort of research are provided

Prevalence and predictors of coronary artery disease in patients with a calcium score of zero

The absence of coronary calcification is associated with an excellent prognosis. However, a calcium score of zero does not exclude the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) or the possibility of future cardiovascular events. Our aim was to study the prevalence and predictors of coronary artery disease in patients with a calcium score of zero. Prospective registry consisted of 3,012 consecutive patients that underwent cardiac CT (dual source CT). Stable patients referred for evaluation of possible CAD that had a calcium score of zero (n = 864) were selected for this analysis. The variables that were statistically significant were included in a multivariable logistic regression model. From 864 patients with a calcium score of zero, 107 (12.4 %) had coronary plaques on the contrast CT (10.8 %, n = 93 with nonobstructive CAD and 1.6 %, n = 14 with obstructive CAD). By logistic regression analysis, the independent predictors of CAD in this population were age >55 years [odds ratio (OR) 1.63 (1.05-2.52)], hypertension [OR 1.64 (1.05-2.56)] and dyslipidemia [OR 1.54 (1.00-2.36)]. In the presence of these 3 variables, the probability of having coronary plaques was 21 %. The absence of coronary artery calcification does not exclude the presence of coron