Materials response to thermo-hydric strains obtained by climatic monitoring : case study of the Saint-Remi basilica of Reims.

Température et humidité sont deux paramètres jouant un rôle majeur dans les processus d’altération des pierres. Pour étudier l’effet de ces paramètres sur la basilique Saint-Remi de Reims, une approche non invasive a été choisie. Le suivi environnemental (mesures de température et d’humidité relative) permet d’identifier des micro-climats sur le monument et des évènements typiques : jour ensoleillé, passage nuageux, jour pluvieux frais, jour pluvieux chaud et jour de gel. Afin d’évaluer le comportement de matériaux de la basilique dans des conditions réalistes, un dispositif expérimental reproduisant les variations de température et d’humidité des évènements typiques a été mis au point. Le suivi local de la déformation et de la température permet d’évaluer les contraintes thermo-hydriques générées. Deux calcaires sont ainsi analysés : la pierre de Courville (pierre d’origine) et la pierre de Savonnières (pierre de restauration) ainsi qu’un mortier de restauration, le Lithomex. La pierre de Courville présente globalement des contraintes élevées et localisées par rapport à la Savonnières, supposant une moins bonne durabilité du calcaire d’origine. D’autre part, de fortes contraintes à l’interface Savonnières-Lithomex laissent présager une moins bonne compatibilité entre ces matériaux. La pénétration de l’eau à travers la couche de Lithomex est cependant un point critique pour aborder la durabilité du mortier sur les calcaires. Plus proches de la réalité que des tests classiques et adaptés aux conditions particulières de la basilique, les conditions expérimentales réalistes permettent d’obtenir des informations pertinentes sur les possibles altérations des pierres.Temperature and relative humidity are two parameters playing a key role in stone weathering. A non-invasive approach has been chosen to study the effect of those parameters on the materials of the Saint-Remi basilica in Reims (France). The environmental monitoring (temperature and relative humidity measurements) allowed to identify micro-climates on the monument and typical events: cloudy periods, sunny-, cold rainy-, warm rainy- and frost days. An experimental apparatus reproducing temperature and humidity variations of the typical events was designed to assess materials’ behaviors in realistic experimental conditions. Local strain and temperature measurements allowed to estimate thermo-hydric stress generated in the materials. The behaviors of two limestones – the Courville (original stone) and Savonnières (restoration stone) limestones – and a restoration mortar – the Lithomex.The Courville limestone showed high and localized stress compared to the Savonnières, suggesting better durability for the Savonnières. On the other hand, high stress is generated at the interface Lithomex-Savonnières hinting at better compatibility between the Lithomex mortar and the Courville limestone. In terms of Lithomex compatibility with the stones, a critical parameter would be the water penetration through the Lithomex layer. The realistic experimental conditions provide relevant information on possible weathering mechanisms on the basilica, adapted to this specific environment and closer to reality than other classical tests

Experimental thermo-hydric study to simulate natural weathering conditions

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New practical approach of integrated photonic based on biomimetic peptidic/silica self-assembled nanotubes

International audienceWe report on the first developments for a new approach of integrated photonic using optical evanescent coupling from organic microstructures to bundles of hybrid nanotubes (NT). Microstructures are organic disks acting as photon reservoirs, integrated on a photonic chip fabricated by micro-technologic processes. Biomimetic peptidic/ silica nanotubes are realized by molecular self-assembly allowing high aspect ratio. Such heterostructures have been included directly on the organic chip as an innovative solution based on nanotubes in situ chipapproach. The latter allowed us to obtain an adequate evanescent coupling localized between micronic-disks and bundles of nanotubes. As a result, we highlight a specific photonic propagation along various heterostructured- NT-bundles featuring distances beyond the centimeter and losses from 1.2 to 6.6 dB/cm. It presents an advantageous confinement of the optical mode marked with strong energy localizations between nanotubes

Unpredicted failure of deep brain stimulation by the impedance measures in a child with severe PANK2- gene related generalized dystonia

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Phospholipid transfer to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) upon triglyceride lipolysis is directly correlated with HDL-cholesterol levels and is not associated with cardiovascular risk

International audienceBackground and aimsWhile low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) represent a well-established cardiovascular risk factor, extremely high HDL-C is paradoxically associated with elevated cardiovascular risk, resulting in the U-shape relationship with cardiovascular disease. Free cholesterol transfer to HDL upon lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL) was recently reported to underlie this relationship, linking HDL-C to triglyceride metabolism and atherosclerosis. In addition to free cholesterol, other surface components of TGRL, primarily phospholipids, are transferred to HDL during lipolysis. It remains indeterminate as to whether such transfer is linked to HDL-C and cardiovascular disease.Methods and resultsWhen TGRL was labelled with fluorescent phospholipid 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI), time- and dose-dependent transfer of DiI to HDL was observed upon incubations with lipoprotein lipase (LPL). The capacity of HDL to acquire DiI was decreased by −36% (p<0.001) in low HDL-C patients with acute myocardial infarction (n = 22) and by -95% (p<0.001) in low HDL-C subjects with Tangier disease (n = 7), unchanged in low HDL-C patients with Type 2 diabetes (n = 17) and in subjects with high HDL-C (n = 20), and elevated in subjects with extremely high HDL-C (+11%, p<0.05) relative to healthy normolipidemic controls. Across all the populations combined, HDL capacity to acquire DiI was directly correlated with HDL-C (r = 0.58, p<0.001). No relationship of HDL capacity to acquire DiI with both overall and cardiovascular mortality obtained from epidemiological studies for the mean HDL-C levels observed in the studied populations was obtained.ConclusionsThese data indicate that the capacity of HDL to acquire phospholipid from TGRL upon LPL-mediated lipolysis is proportional to HDL-C and does not reflect cardiovascular risk in subjects widely differing in HDL-C levels

Free cholesterol transfer to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) upon triglyceride lipolysis underlies the U-shape relationship between HDL-cholesterol and cardiovascular disease

Background: Low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) represent a well-established cardiovascular risk factor. Paradoxically, extremely high HDL-C levels are equally associated with elevated cardiovascular risk, resulting in the U-shape relationship of HDL-C with cardiovascular disease. Mechanisms underlying this association are presently unknown. We hypothesised that the capacity of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to acquire free cholesterol upon triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TGRL) lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase underlies the non-linear relationship between HDL-C and cardiovascular risk. Methods: To assess our hypothesis, we developed a novel assay to evaluate the capacity of HDL to acquire free cholesterol (as fluorescent TopFluor® cholesterol) from TGRL upon in vitro lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase. Results: When the assay was applied to several populations markedly differing in plasma HDL-C levels, transfer of free cholesterol was significantly decreased in low HDL-C patients with acute myocardial infarction (−45%) and type 2 diabetes (–25%), and in subjects with extremely high HDL-C of >2.59 mmol/L (>100 mg/dL) (−20%) versus healthy normolipidaemic controls. When these data were combined and plotted against HDL-C concentrations, an inverse U-shape relationship was observed. Consistent with these findings, animal studies revealed that the capacity of HDL to acquire cholesterol upon lipolysis was reduced in low HDL-C apolipoprotein A-I knock-out mice and was negatively correlated with aortic accumulation of [3H]-cholesterol after oral gavage, attesting this functional characteristic as a negative metric of postprandial atherosclerosis. Conclusions: Free cholesterol transfer to HDL upon TGRL lipolysis may underlie the U-shape relationship between HDL-C and cardiovascular disease, linking HDL-C to triglyceride metabolism and atherosclerosis.Fil: Feng, Ma. Inserm; Francia. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; FranciaFil: Darabi, Maryam. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia. Inserm; FranciaFil: Tubeuf, Emilie. Inserm; Francia. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; FranciaFil: Canicio, Aurélie. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia. Inserm; FranciaFil: Lhomme, Marie. Institute Of Cardiometabolism And Nutrition; FranciaFil: Frisdal, Eric. Inserm; Francia. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; FranciaFil: Lanfranchi Lebreton, Sandrine. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; FranciaFil: Matheron, Lucrèce. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; FranciaFil: Rached, Fabiana. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia. Inserm; FranciaFil: Ponnaiah, Maharajah. Institute Of Cardiometabolism And Nutrition; FranciaFil: Serrano, Carlos V.. Instituto Do Coracao Do Hospital Das Clinicas; BrasilFil: Santos, Raul D.. Instituto Do Coracao Do Hospital Das Clinicas; BrasilFil: Brites, Fernando Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Instituto Do Coracao Do Hospital Das Clinicas; BrasilFil: Bolbach, Gerard. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; FranciaFil: Gautier, Emmanuel. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia. Inserm; FranciaFil: Huby, Thierry. Inserm; Francia. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; FranciaFil: Carrie, Alain. Inserm; Francia. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; FranciaFil: Bruckert, Eric. Inserm; Francia. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; FranciaFil: Guerin, Maryse. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia. Inserm; FranciaFil: Couvert, Philippe. Inserm; Francia. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; FranciaFil: Giral, Philippe. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia. Inserm; FranciaFil: Lesnik, Philippe. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia. Inserm; FranciaFil: Le Goff, Wilfried. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia. Inserm; FranciaFil: Guillas, Isabelle. Inserm; Francia. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; FranciaFil: Kontush, Anatol. Inserm; Francia. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Franci

Galaxy Is a Suitable Bioinformatics Platform for the Molecular Diagnosis of Human Genetic Disorders Using High-Throughput Sequencing Data Analysis: Five Years of Experience in a Clinical Laboratory

International audienceAbstract Background To date, the usage of Galaxy, an open-source bioinformatics platform, has been reported primarily in research. We report 5 years’ experience (2015 to 2020) with Galaxy in our hospital, as part of the “Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris” (AP-HP), to demonstrate its suitability for high-throughput sequencing (HTS) data analysis in a clinical laboratory setting. Methods Our Galaxy instance has been running since July 2015 and is used daily to study inherited diseases, cancer, and microbiology. For the molecular diagnosis of hereditary diseases, 6970 patients were analyzed with Galaxy (corresponding to a total of 7029 analyses). Results Using Galaxy, the time to process a batch of 23 samples—equivalent to a targeted DNA sequencing MiSeq run—from raw data to an annotated variant call file was generally less than 2 h for panels between 1 and 500 kb. Over 5 years, we only restarted the server twice for hardware maintenance and did not experience any significant troubles, demonstrating the robustness of our Galaxy installation in conjunction with HTCondor as a job scheduler and a PostgreSQL database. The quality of our targeted exome sequencing method was externally evaluated annually by the European Molecular Genetics Quality Network (EMQN). Sensitivity was mean (SD)% 99 (2)% for single nucleotide variants and 93 (9)% for small insertion-deletions. Conclusion Our experience with Galaxy demonstrates it to be a suitable platform for HTS data analysis with vast potential to benefit patient care in a clinical laboratory setting