2,438 research outputs found
Augmented Superfield Approach To Unique Nilpotent Symmetries For Complex Scalar Fields In QED
The derivation of the exact and unique nilpotent Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin
(BRST)- and anti-BRST symmetries for the matter fields, present in any
arbitrary interacting gauge theory, has been a long-standing problem in the
framework of superfield approach to BRST formalism. These nilpotent symmetry
transformations are deduced for the four (3 + 1)-dimensional (4D) complex
scalar fields, coupled to the U(1) gauge field, in the framework of augmented
superfield formalism. This interacting gauge theory (i.e. QED) is considered on
a six (4, 2)-dimensional supermanifold parametrized by four even spacetime
coordinates and a couple of odd elements of the Grassmann algebra. In addition
to the horizontality condition (that is responsible for the derivation of the
exact nilpotent symmetries for the gauge field and the (anti-)ghost fields), a
new restriction on the supermanifold, owing its origin to the (super) covariant
derivatives, has been invoked for the derivation of the exact nilpotent
symmetry transformations for the matter fields. The geometrical interpretations
for all the above nilpotent symmetries are discussed, too.Comment: LaTeX file, 17 pages, journal versio
From Trees to Loops and Back
We argue that generic one-loop scattering amplitudes in supersymmetric
Yang-Mills theories can be computed equivalently with MHV diagrams or with
Feynman diagrams. We first present a general proof of the covariance of
one-loop non-MHV amplitudes obtained from MHV diagrams. This proof relies only
on the local character in Minkowski space of MHV vertices and on an application
of the Feynman Tree Theorem. We then show that the discontinuities of one-loop
scattering amplitudes computed with MHV diagrams are precisely the same as
those computed with standard methods. Furthermore, we analyse collinear limits
and soft limits of generic non-MHV amplitudes in supersymmetric Yang-Mills
theories with one-loop MHV diagrams. In particular, we find a simple explicit
derivation of the universal one-loop splitting functions in supersymmetric
Yang-Mills theories to all orders in the dimensional regularisation parameter,
which is in complete agreement with known results. Finally, we present concrete
and illustrative applications of Feynman's Tree Theorem to one-loop MHV
diagrams as well as to one-loop Feynman diagrams.Comment: 52 pages, 17 figures. Some typos in Appendix A correcte
Lyapunov and Wirtinger inequalities
AbstractIn this paper, we prove the Lyapunov inequality for the second-order linear differential equation (r(t)φ(y′(t)))′+p(t)φ(y(t))=0, where(i)φ(s) = |s|αt-2s, α > 1 is a fixed real number(ii)r(t) and p(t) are integrable on [a, b] with r(t) > 0 on [a, b].On the other hand, a generalized Wirtinger inequality is also given
Tracing Ghost Cavities with Low Frequency Radio Observations
We present X-ray and multi-frequency radio observations of the central radio
sources in several X-ray cavity systems. We show that targeted radio
observations are key to determining if the lobes are being actively fed by the
central AGN. Low frequency observations provide a unique way to study both the
lifecycle of the central radio source as well as its energy input into the ICM
over several outburst episodes.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, To appear in the Proceedings of "Heating vs.
Cooling in Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies", eds. H. Boehringer, P.
Schuecker, G. W. Pratt & A. Finoguenov (ESO Astrophysics Symposia,
Springer-Verlag), Garching (Germany), August 200
Effect of Boron substitution on the superconductivity of non-oxide perovskite MgCNi3
We report synthesis, structural and magnetic (DC and AC) properties of Boron
substituted MgCNi3 superconductor. A series of polycrystalline bulk samples
Mg1.2C1.6-xBxNi3 (x = 0.0, 0.08 and 0.16) is synthesized through standard
solid-state reaction route, which are found to crystallize in cubic perovskite
structure with space group Pm3m. Rietveld analysis of observed XRD data show
that lattice parameters expand from a = 3.8106 (4) {\AA} for pure, to 3.8164
(2) {\AA} and 3.8173 (5) {\AA} for 5% and 10% Boron substituted samples
respectively. DC magnetization exhibited superconducting transition (Tc) at
around 7.3 K for pure sample, and the same decreases slightly with Boron
substitution. The lower critical field (Hc1) at 2 K is around 150 Oe for pure
sample, which increases slightly with Boron substitution. For pure sample the
upper critical field (Hc2) being determined from AC susceptibility measurements
is 11.6 kOe and 91.70 kOe with 50% and 90% diamagnetism criteria respectively,
which decreases to 5.57 kOe and 42.5 kOe respectively for 10% Boron substituted
sample. 10% Boron substitution at Carbon site has decreased both the Hc2 and
Tc. On the other hand lower critical field (Hc1) at 2 K is slightly increased
from around 150 Oe for pure sample, to 200 Oe for 10% Boron substituted sample.
Seemingly, the Carbon site Boron substitution induced disorder though has
increased slightly the Hc1 but with simultaneous decrease in superconducting
transition temperature (Tc) and upper critical field (Hc2). The high relative
proportion of Ni in studied MgCNi3 suggests that magnetic interactions are
important and non-oxide perovskite structure make it interesting.Comment: 13 Pages Text + Figures: comments/suggestions
([email protected]
New symmetries for Abelian gauge theory in superfield formulation
We show the existence of some new local, covariant and continuous symmetries
for the BRST invariant Lagrangian density of a free two ()-dimensional
(2D) Abelian U(1) gauge theory in the framework of superfield formalism. The
Noether conserved charges corresponding to the above local continuous
symmetries find their geometrical origin as the translation generators along
the odd (Grassmannian)- and even (bosonic) directions of the four (-dimensional compact supermanifold. Some new discrete symmetries are shown
to exist in the superfield formulation. The logical origin for the existence of
BRST- and co-BRST symmetries is shown to be encoded in the Hodge decomposed
versions (of the 2D fermionic vector fields) that are consistent with the
discrete symmetries of the theory.Comment: LaTeX, 12 pages, no figures, Eqns. (3.10),(4.6),(4.7) correcte
Nilpotent Symmetries for QED in Superfield Formalism
In the framework of superfield approach, we derive the local, covariant,
continuous and nilpotent (anti-)BRST and (anti-)co-BRST symmetry
transformations on the U(1) gauge field and the (anti-)ghost fields
of the Lagrangian density of the two -dimensional QED by
exploiting the (dual-)horizontality conditions defined on the four -dimensional supermanifold. The long-standing problem of the derivation of
the above symmetry transformations for the matter (Dirac) fields in the framework of superfield formulation is resolved by a new set of
restrictions on the -dimensional supermanifold. These new physically
interesting restrictions on the supermanifold owe their origin to the
invariance of conserved currents of the theory. The geometrical interpretation
for all the above transformations is provided in the framework of superfield
formalism.Comment: LaTeX file, 12 pages, title slightly changed, text altered, typos
corrected, minor changes in equations (3.1), (3.7), (3.8) and (3.9),
journal-ref give
Phase Separation in LiFePO Induced by Correlation Effects
We report on a significant failure of LDA and GGA to reproduce the phase
stability and thermodynamics of mixed-valence LiFePO compounds.
Experimentally, LiFePO compositions () are known to be
unstable and phase separate into Li FePO and FePO. However,
first-principles calculations with LDA/GGA yield energetically favorable
intermediate compounds an d hence no phase separation. This qualitative failure
of LDA/GGA seems to have its origin in the LDA/GGA self-interaction which de
localizes charge over the mixed-valence Fe ions, and is corrected by explicitly
considering correlation effects in this material. This is demonstrated with
LDA+U calculations which correctly predict phase separation in LiFePO
for eV. T he origin of the destabilization of intermediate
compounds is identified as electron localization and charge ordering at
different iron sites. Introduction of correlation also yields more accurate
electrochemical reaction energies between FePO/LiFePO and
Li/Li electrodes.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, Phys. Rev. B 201101R, 200
Modularisation strategies in the AEC industry:a comparative analysis
Many industries have benefited from modularisation; while in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry, the concept of modularisation is associated with dimensional coordination. This has added to an already extensive list of challenges due to market size and the concept of economies of scale in AEC industry, to name but a few. Moreover, there is a myth that the AEC industry is bound to stay associated with build-to-order or made-to-order approach caused the AEC industry to restrict modularisation to the component level. This changes the balance in favour of what this paper calls a bottom-up approach. On the other hand, a valid alternative strategy–referred to in this study as top-down strategy–remains very much underexploited. The clients, therefore, do not have a neutral means by which they can assess which strategy is in their best interest. Likewise, if a construction company plans to make a strategic move towards the principles of modularisation and off-site manufacturing, they do not have clear decision support tools. This study investigates these two main modularisation strategies in the AEC industry to provide some examples of successful cases regarding how, when and where such strategy have been applied by different construction companies in different cases. The collected and collated empirical data and the results from the interviews will help clients and companies to analyse their own cases and make operational decisions on how, when and where to best utilise the bottom-up and top-down modularisation techniques while considering the pros and cons of such decisions
Noncommutative Dipole Field Theories And Unitarity
We extend the argument of Gomis and Mehen for violation of unitarity in field
theories with space-time noncommutativity to dipole field theories. In dipole
field theories with a timelike dipole vector, we present 1-loop amplitudes that
violate the optical theorem. A quantum mechanical system with nonlocal
potential of finite extent in time also shows violation of unitarity.Comment: typos corrected, more details added in Sec 5, version to appear in
JHE
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