Research of Driving Circuit in Coaxial Induction Coilgun

Power supply is crucial equipment in coaxial induction coil launcher. Configuration of the driving circuit directly influences the efficiency of the coil launcher.This paper gives a detailed analysis of the properties of the driving circuit construction based on the capacitor source. Three topologies of the driving circuit are compared including oscillation, crowbar and half-wave circuits. It is proved that which circuit has the better efficiency depends on the detailed parameters of the experiment, especially the crowbar resistance. Crowbar resistor regulates not only efficiency of the system, but also temperature rise of the coil. Electromagnetic force (EMF) applied on the armature will be another problem which influences service condition of the driving circuits. Oscillation and crowbar circuits should be applied to both of the synchronous and asynchronous induction coil launchers, respectively. Half-wave circuit is seldom used in the experiment. Although efficiency of the half-wave circuit is very high, the speed of the armature is low. A simple independent half-wave circuit is proposed in this paper. In general, the comprehensive property of crowbar circuit is the most practical in the three typical circuits. Conclusions of the paper could provide guidelines for practice

Quantitative characterization of mechano-biological interrelationships of single cells

Abstract(#br)This paper presented a quantitative investigation on the alteration of cell biological functions in relation to the change of mechanical properties of single cells. Leukemia NB4 cells were used as cell line. The dielectrophoresis (DEP) method was utilized to verify the mechanical properties variation of NB4 cells under the electric field treatment. A quantitative study of cell mechanical properties was then carried out using optical tweezers (OT), and cell biological properties using gene expression measurement. The result shows cell stiffness decreased after electric treatment. Biological properties related to cell motility, structure, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and metastases changed with cell mechanical properties variation

Review on City-Level Carbon Accounting

Carbon accounting results for the same city can differ due to differences in protocols, methods, and data sources. A critical review of these differences and the connection among them can help to bridge our knowledge between university-based researchers and protocol practitioners in accounting and taking further mitigation actions. The purpose of this study is to provide a review of published research and protocols related to city carbon accounting, paying attention to both their science and practical actions. To begin with, the most cited articles in this field are identified and analyzed by employing a citation network analysis to illustrate the development of city-level carbon accounting from three perspectives. We also reveal the relationship between research methods and accounting protocols. Furthermore, a timeline of relevant organizations, protocols, and projects is provided to demonstrate the applications of city carbon accounting in practice. The citation networks indicate that the field is dominated by pure-geographic production-based and community infrastructure-based accounting; however, emerging models that combine economic system analysis from a consumption-based perspective are leading to new trends in the field. The emissions accounted for by various research methods consist essentially of the scope 1–3, as defined in accounting protocols. The latest accounting protocols include consumption-based accounting, but most cities still limit their accounting and reporting from pure-geographic production-based and community infrastructure-based perspectives. In conclusion, we argue that protocol practitioners require support in conducting carbon accounting, so as to explore the potential in mitigation and adaptation from a number of perspectives. This should also be a priority for future studies

A Myb Transcription Factor of Phytophthora sojae, Regulated by MAP Kinase PsSAK1, Is Required for Zoospore Development

PsSAK1, a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase from Phytophthora sojae, plays an important role in host infection and zoospore viability. However, the downstream mechanism of PsSAK1 remains unclear. In this study, the 3'-tag digital gene expression (DGE) profiling method was applied to sequence the global transcriptional sequence of PsSAK1-silenced mutants during the cysts stage and 1.5 h after inoculation onto susceptible soybean leaf tissues. Compared with the gene expression levels of the recipient P. sojae strain, several candidates of Myb family were differentially expressed (up or down) in response to the loss of PsSAK1, including of a R2R3-type Myb transcription factor, PsMYB1. qRT-PCR indicated that the transcriptional level of PsMYB1 decreased due to PsSAK1 silencing. The transcriptional level of PsMYB1 increased during sporulating hyphae, in germinated cysts, and early infection. Silencing of PsMYB1 results in three phenotypes: a) no cleavage of the cytoplasm into uninucleate zoospores or release of normal zoospores, b) direct germination of sporangia, and c) afunction in zoospore-mediated plant infection. Our data indicate that the PsMYB1 transcription factor functions downstream of MAP kinase PsSAK1 and is required for zoospore development of P. sojae

Teaching that docks with Students\u27 Emotional Needs - the Application of Teaching that Docks with Students\u27 Emotional Needs - the Application of Communicational Analysis Transactional Analysis in University Educationin University Education

In essence, teaching is a type of communication features one-to-many , which includes both cognitive and emotional layers. Currently, the ever-lasting stream of new technologies act as supplements of the traditional teaching making up the shortage in cognitive level, while innovative idea is also required in the emotional level of communication in teaching between teachers and students. The introduction of communication analysis technology into the traditional classroom is conducive to addressing the problems of communication existed between teachers, young teachers particular, and students from the perspective of emotion level. The combination of transactional analysis and traditional classroom instruction requires the realization of the changes referring three concepts in terms of the value of students, teachers and education. The value of students highlights the awareness of the active and resourceful part of the students and utilizes a variety of methods to give students comforting strokes ; the teaching value emphasizes the teacher\u27s self-orientation and the handling of the issue concerning mentality in teaching; the teachers value refers to dig out the five resources existed in every teacher, namely, nurturing parent, critical parent, adult, free child, and adaptive child. And the various resources shall be selected flexibly in line with the different circumstances to master classroom rhythm. Keywords: transactional analysis teaching Emotional Need

Experimental analysis and research on flexural properties of reinforced concrete composite beams

In order to further study the flexural properties of reinforced concrete beams after composite reinforcement, three composite beams and one cast-in-situ beam were tested under static load focusing on the bearing capacity, the law of crack development and the change of deflection. Test results demonstrate the yield strength, ultimate bending strength, and deflection of the composite beams are similar to those of the cast-in-situ beam, which confirms that the reinforced concrete composite beams can be used for reinforcement purposes in engineering projects

PTB/nPTB: master regulators of neuronal fate in mammals.

PTB was initially discovered as a polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (hence the name), which corresponds to a specific RNA-binding protein associated with heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particle (hnRNP I). The PTB family consists of three members in mammalian genomes, with PTBP1 (PTB) expressed in most cell types, PTBP2 (also known as nPTB or brPTB) exclusively found in the nervous system, and PTBP3 (also known as ROD1) predominately detected in immune cells. During neural development, PTB is down-regulated, which induces nPTB, and the expression of both PTB and nPTB becomes diminished when neurons mature. This programed switch, which largely takes place at the splicing level, is critical for the development of the nervous system, with PTB playing a central role in neuronal induction and nPTB guarding neuronal maturation. Remarkably, sequential knockdown of PTB and nPTB has been found to be necessary and sufficient to convert non-neuronal cells to the neuronal lineage. These findings, coupled with exquisite understanding of the molecular circuits regulated by these RNA-binding proteins, establish a critical foundation for their future applications in regenerative medicine

PTB/nPTB: master regulators of neuronal fate in mammals.

PTB was initially discovered as a polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (hence the name), which corresponds to a specific RNA-binding protein associated with heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particle (hnRNP I). The PTB family consists of three members in mammalian genomes, with PTBP1 (PTB) expressed in most cell types, PTBP2 (also known as nPTB or brPTB) exclusively found in the nervous system, and PTBP3 (also known as ROD1) predominately detected in immune cells. During neural development, PTB is down-regulated, which induces nPTB, and the expression of both PTB and nPTB becomes diminished when neurons mature. This programed switch, which largely takes place at the splicing level, is critical for the development of the nervous system, with PTB playing a central role in neuronal induction and nPTB guarding neuronal maturation. Remarkably, sequential knockdown of PTB and nPTB has been found to be necessary and sufficient to convert non-neuronal cells to the neuronal lineage. These findings, coupled with exquisite understanding of the molecular circuits regulated by these RNA-binding proteins, establish a critical foundation for their future applications in regenerative medicine