Modeling of stress -strained state of steel frames with prestressed beam

Актуальність теми роботи полягає в тому, що застосування різних методів підсилення та удосконалення металевих конструкцій дає змогу підвищити економічність каркасу. Моделювання напружено-деформівного стану рам дозволяє підтвердити чи спростувати ефективність цих методів.Actuality of theme is that the use of different methods of strengthening and improvement of metal structures makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the frame. Modeling of the stress-strain state of the frame allows to confirm or refute the effectiveness of these methods

Involuntary termination of private property rights under the civil legislation of Ukraine

The article investigates theoretical and practical problems of civil regulation of involuntary termination of private property rights. Private ownership is one of the essential human rights. That is why it is extremely important to provide its appropriate protection. It is especially important in terms of current Ukrainian realities in the context of continuous hostilities, the temporary occupation of part of the country's territory, rapid economic reforms aimed at bringing the Ukrainian economy closer to the standards of the European Union. The involuntary termination of private property right should be an exception used in very rare cases, established by law. Considering this, the article analyzes established by Ukrainian legislation cases of involuntary termination of private ownership from the point of view of human rights protection. Some imperfections in the legal regulation of involuntary termination of private property are revealed and ways of improvement of the current state are suggested. It is concluded that involuntary termination of private ownership takes place in a limited number of cases, but it does not directly follow from Art. 346 of the Civil Code of Ukraine. It was offered to supply Art. 346 of the Civil Code of Ukraine with the provision that ownership shall be terminated by compulsory order only on the grounds and in the manner provided by the Civil Code and the Laws of Ukraine

COMPARATIVE PSYCHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSIVE DISEASE AND HYPOTHYROIDISM

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine whether certain cognitive domains exist in the assessment of cognitive functions in HD patients, patients with hypothyroidism and HD patients with concomitant hypothyroidism. Material and methods: The patients were divided into 3 groups according to nosology: Group I – 21 patients with hypertensive disease (HD); Group II – 18 patients with hypothyroidism, Group III – 19 hypertensive patients with concomitant hypothyroidism. Results: It was revealed that patients with HD had a decrease in memory according to the test proposed by A.R. Luria for learning 10 words, (p<0.05), as well as Digit span from Mattisse scale, (p<0.05). In patients with hypothyroidism, a short span of attention was revealed, according to the method of “Selectivity of attention” (G. Munsterberg test), (p<0.05). The analysis of the results showed that considering the interaction of factors (HD and hypothyroidism), the most affected cognitive domains are memory, executive functions and optical-spatial functions, respectively, (p<0.05). Conclusions: To diagnose CI in patients with HD who have problems with the domain of cognitive function memory, it is advisable to use a test for learning 10 words according to the method proposed by A.R. Luria and Digit span from Mattisse scale. In patients with hypothyroidism, attention and executive functions should be determined using the Schulte Tables and the “Selectivity of Attention” method (G. Munsterberg test). With the combined pathology, HD patients with a concomitant hypothyroidism should use Schulte Tables, test for learning 10 words by A.R. Luria and Clock Drawing Test

Avaliação do potencial de diferenciação das células da crista neural truncal de aves cultivadas sobre Matrigel

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Florianópolis, 2013.A Crista Neural (CN) constitui uma população de células que emergem a partir das pregas dorsais do neuroepitélio durante a neurulação. Estas células migram ao longo de todo o eixo antero-posterior embrionário dos vertebrados até encontrarem seus locais definidos onde irão diferenciar em diversos derivados neurais e mesenquimais. As células da CN cefálica (CNC) e da CN Truncal (CNT) podem dar origem a neurônios e células gliais do sistema nervoso periférico, melanócitos e células endócrinas. Diferentemente do que ocorre com a CNC, a CNT possui uma limitada capacidade de originar elementos mesenquimais in vivo. Entretanto, sob determinadas condições in vitro, a CNT pode originar fenótipos mesenquimais. Até o momento, a maior parte dos estudos com a CNT foram realizados sobre substratos bidimensionais (2D), geralmente revestidos moléculas isoladas da matriz extracelular (colágeno, laminina, fibronectina) ou sobre monocamadas de fibroblastos embrionários (3T3). Atualmente, sabe-se que este tipo de ambiente não reflete a complexa fisiologia dos tecidos in vivo. No presente estudo nós realizamos cultivos de células isoladas da CNT sobre um extrato solúvel da membrana basal, comumente denominado de Matrigel. Elaboramos uma metodologia que permitiu criar dois microambientes dentro do mesmo poço de cultivo: um ambiente bidimensional (2D) e um ambiente tridimensional (3D). Verificamos que o Matrigel permite a diferenciação dos principais fenótipos da CNT (neurais: células gliais, células musculares lisas, neurônios, melanócitos e mesenquimais: condrócitos). Embora tenham sido observadas algumas variações na obtenção dos fenótipos descritos conforme o lote de Matrigel utilizado, o uso de uma mistura destes lotes permitiu normalizar a frequência de poços de cultivo contendo cada tipo celular. Além disso, 70% dos poços de cultivo apresentavam nódulos de cartilagem, os quais frequentemente se encontravam na região 3D. Interessantemente, esta frequência de condrócitos detectada utilizando um microambiente 3D de Matrigel, resultou ser muito maior quando comparado a trabalhos anteriores realizados sobre ambientes 2D convencionais. Estes dados sugerem que o Matrigel pode ser um ótimo substrato para estudar a diferenciação e multipotencialidade das células da CN.Abstract : The Neural Crest (NC) is a cell population that detach from dorsal neural folds during neurulation. These cells migrate along the entire vertebrate embryonic axis until they find their final destination and differentiate into both neural and mesenchymal phenotypes. Cephalic NC (CNC) and Trunk NC cells (TNCCs) give rise to neurons and glia from the peripheral nervous system, melanocytes and endocrine cells. Differently from CNC, TNC have a limited capacity to give rise to mesenchymal derivatives in vivo. Nevertheless, under special culture conditions, TNC can give rise to mesenchymal phenotypes. Until now, most of studies of TNC were conducted on 2D substrates, usually covered with extracellular matrix molecules (e.g. collagen, laminin, fibronectin) or under fibroblast feeder-layers (3T3). Nowadays, it is worth knowing that this kind of environment does not mimic the complex tissue physiology in vivo. In the present study, we conducted cell cultures isolated from TNC on a soluble extract of basal membrane, commonly named Matrigel. We performed a new methodology that permitted to create two microenvironments in the same culture well: a two-dimensional (2D) and a three-dimensional (3D) environment. We observed that Matrigel permits the differentiation of the main TNC phenotypes (glial cells, melanocytes, smooth muscle cells, neurons and chondrocytes). Even though we observed some described variations on the phenotypes obtained according to the Matrigel lot used, the use of a mixture of lots allowed normalizing the frequency of culture wells containing each cell type. Moreover, 70% of culture wells contained cartilage nodules, which were frequently on the 3D zone. Interestingly, this frequency of chondrocytes detected using a 3D microenvironment of Matrigel resulted even higher than previous reports performed on traditional 2D cultures. Together, this data suggest that Matrigel could be an excellent substrate to study NC differentiation and multipotenciality

КОНОТАЦІЙНЕ ЗАБАРВЛЕННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ВОЛОНТЕРСЬКОЇ ЛЕКСИКИ У КНИЗІ БІЛЛА КЛІНТОНА «HOW EACH OF US CAN CHANGE THE WORLD»

У статті розглянуто книгу відомого американського політика й з допомогою структурно-семантичного методу визначено 5 груп соціально-волонтерської маркованої лексики, проаналізовано її конотативне забарвлення. (In this article we studied the book of famous American politician with the help of semantic-structural method and we distinguished 5 groups of socio-volunteering word stock, connotational marking features of which were analyzed.

Detectability of smart proppants traced with gadolinium and samarium in the Vaca Muerta formation

The use of smart proppants traced with gadolinium and samarium was evaluated in a realistic model by Monte Carlo simulations.The addition of compounds with high thermal neutron capture cross section, such as gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) and samarium oxide (Sm2O3) into ceramic proppants, makes them detectable after placement in induced fractures.Proppants traced with different oxide concentrations were studied in a generic borehole-formation-tool configuration, modeled with MCNP. The Vaca Muerta formation model was constructed based on measured geochemical data. A theoretical formation of water-saturated limestone with 20% porosity was also used as a reference case of study. The minimum concentration of gadolinium and samarium oxides needed, in order to make them detectable by logging tools, was determined. In the case of gadolinium, results are in agreement with previous reported values for Gd2O3 addition of about 0.4% by weight of proppant.In the case of samarium, a minimum concentration of 1.25% by weight of Sm2O3 addition could be detected in both Limestone and Vaca Muerta formations.Fil: Herrera, Maria Silvia. YPF - Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Ortiz, Alberto. YPF - Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Hryb, Damián. YPF - Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Rendtorff Birrer, Nicolás Maximiliano. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Tecnología de Recursos Minerales y Cerámica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Tecnología de Recursos Minerales y Cerámica; Argentin

The Economic Essence and Role of the Budget Security of the State: National and Foreign Experience

The article is aimed at researching the economic essence of the budget security of the State. The essence of the concept of «budget security» is considered and the own interpretation of this concept is offered. Two methodological approaches to the definition of goals and objectives of the budget security are analyzed. The first approach is in the period of economic and financial crisis, the second – in the period of economic growth. Prospects for further research in this direction are improvement of the regulatory framework regulating the budget process in Ukraine and introduction of a wider range of the budget security indicators

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ КАСКАДНОЇ ГОДІВЛІ СТАВОВИХ РИБ НЕТРАДИЦІЙНИМИ КОРМАМИ

Growing fish is closely related to its feeding, which aims to obtain the maximum number of high quality products in the shortest possible time with minimal feed costs. In this case, the commercial aspect becomes dominant, where profit is the deciding factor. There fore, in the feeding of fish there is a constant search for ways to reduce the cost of feed and increase their productivity, which is gradually but difficult to achieve due to the apparent contradiction of these objectives. At the beginning of the activity of farms in the field of fisheries, it is best to use a semi-intensive method of cultivation, which does not involve too complex fish farming processes.Fish feeding technology involves the rational use of feed in order to obtain high fish productivity at the lowest cost of feed to increase fish weight. At the same time it is necessary to achieve the best quality of feed and optimal content of nutrients in them to ensure the normal course of physiological processes, taking into account the age and species specifics of farmed fish. Normalized feeding of fish can be carried out if we take into account the quality and nutritional value of artificial feed, the density of fish in multiculture, the development of natural feed base, the physiological state of fish and the goal of production. Depending on the technology of fish production and the type of specific features of specific cultivation objects, a large number of feed materials are used.Due to the increase in the cost of artificial feed and due to the reduction of operating costs in modern times require the use of nontraditional feed – plant origin, agricultural products, pasta from fish and plant raw materials of the aquatic environment and land. The criterion for the cost and effectiveness of non-traditional feeds is their high content of crude protein and nitrogen-free extractives.Given the inequality of crude protein content in non-traditional feeds and the dynamics of the mass of natural live feed during the growing season, it is necessary to balance them to obtain the required weight of marketable fish.Вирощування риби тісно пов'язане з її годівлею, метою якої є отримання максимальної кількості продукції високої якості в найкоротші терміни за мінімальних витрат кормів. При цьому домінуючого значення набуває комерційний аспект, де прибуток є вирішальним фактором. Тому у годівлі риб триває постійний пошук шляхів здешевлення кормів і підвищення їх продуктивності, що поступово, але досить важко досягається з причини явного протиріччя цих завдань. На початку діяльності фермерських господарств у галузі рибного господарства найдоцільніше застосувати напівінтенсивний спосіб вирощування, який не передбачає занадто складних рибницьких процесів [1‒2].Технологія годівлі риби передбачає раціональне використання кормів з метою отримання високої рибопродуктивності при найменших витратах кормів на приріст маси риби. При цьому необхідно добиватись найкращої якості кормів та оптимального вмісту в них поживних речовин для забезпечення нормального перебігу фізіологічних процесів з урахуванням вікової і видової специфіки культивованих риб [2‒3].У зв'язку із збільшенням вартості штучних кормів та з метою зниження експлуатаційних затрат в сучасний період зростає необхідність використання нетрадиційних кормів – рослинного походження, продуктів переробки сільськогосподарської продукції, пасти зі смітної риби та рослинної сировини водного середовища та суходолу. Критерієм вартості та ефективності нетрадиційних кормів є наявність у них високого вмісту сирого протеїну та безазотистих екстрактивних речовин.Найвищий вміст сирого протеїну виявлений у соняшниковому шроті (42%), люпині (до 40%), у стрілолисті та різкому зниженні у зернових кормах (висівках пшениці – до 17%, висівки – до 15%, кукурудза – до 10%).Враховуючі нерівнозначність вмісту сирого протеїну у нетрадиційних кормах та динаміки маси природного живого корму за вегетаційний період необхідно їх збалансовувати, щоб отримати необхідну масу товарної риби. Для цього складається план потреби природних (нетрадиційних) кормів і штучних комбікормів (при їх співвідношенні 50:50) та план використання для кожної водойми та певної щільності посадки риб.Рекомендована щільність посадки складає від 2,0 до 4,0 тис. зарибку на гектар водного середовища

Stress-mediated hyperactivity and anhedonia resistant to diazepam and fluoxetine in Drosophila

Distresses may induce behavioral phenotypes constituting heuristic models for psychopharmacology studies. In several species, including Drosophila, antidepressants counteract stress-induced phenotypes allowing the use of these models to test new psychoactive drugs. Here, we developed a novel and time-efficient protocol to provoke stress-induced phenotypes in Drosophila for the study of psychopharmacological agents. In the first experiment, flies (n = 12/groups) were exposed to a random-sequence of different types of stresses during nearly 24 h (including social isolation, fasting, heat, and electric shock), a protocol named short-term variable stress (SVS). Second, flies were exposed to a single stressful stimulus (social isolation, fasting, heat shock or electric shock, n = 12/groups). Next, flies submitted to SVS protocol were treated with vehicle, diazepam or fluoxetine (n = 12/groups). At the end of the stress protocols, behavioral phenotypes were evaluated in the open field (OF) and sucrose preference tests. In comparison to the unstressed group, flies exposed to SVS exhibited hyperactivity, as well as shorter times exploring the boundaries of the OF. In contrast to fasting stress, SVS reduced sucrose preference in flies. By analyzing the effects of individual stimuli on fly behavior, fasting and electric shock appear to be the predominant influences on the SVS-induced behaviors. Although fluoxetine or diazepam reduced the initial locomotor activity of flies, no treatment prevented the sequelae of SVS. Altogether, this study provides a time-efficient model system for the study of stress-mediated hyperactivity and anhedonia-like state resistant to fluoxetine and diazepam. The applications of SVS in Drosophila to preclinical psychopharmacology require further studies.LAY SUMMARY Exposition to unpredictable stress plays a significant role in psychiatric disorder’s onset. Behavioral traits of these disorders can be partially modeled in rodents aimed at developing psychopharmacological therapies. However, studies in rodents were questioned by ethical issues. Focused on 3Rs principles, we developed a preclinical model for stress and psychopharmacology research in Drosophila. Variable stress induced behavioral alterations, including hyperlocomotion and reduced preference for sucrose in flies. However, behavioral alterations were resistant to fluoxetine and diazepam.Fil: Ramos Hryb, Ana Belen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Ramirez, Mauro Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Lino de Oliveira, Cilene. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Pagani, Mario Rafael. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay; Argentin