Rare semileptonic decay of χc1(1p)\chi_{c1}(1p) meson In QCD

The rare semileptonic $\chi_{c1}(1p)\rightarrow D_{s}^{+}e\bar{\nu }$ decay is analyzed, by using the three-point QCD sum rules. Taking into account the two-gluon condensate contributions, the transition form factors related to this decay are calculated and are used to determine the total decay width and branching fraction. Our findings may be approved by future experiments.Comment: 15,

Calculating the Cost of Co2e Emitted to Generate the Required Electricity: Case Study of Lecture Rooms in the Faculty of Engineering- Universiti Putra Malaysia.

Malaysia is endowed with abundant supplies of non-renewable energy resources, especially oil and gas. However, its current oil and gas reserves are expected to be depleted within the next few years. If new oil fields are not found, Malaysia will have its oil depleted around 2030.Malaysia has actively participated and involved in key conventions regarding environment and sustainable development, such as Montreal Protocol and Kyoto Protocol. University Putra Malaysia (UPM) as one of the largest universities in Malaysia should try to make its energy consumption as efficient as possible and Faculty of Engineering may be the pioneer in this regard. As the result of this study we can see that only for generating the required electricity for the eight lecture rooms at faculty of engineering about RM 45 per day is the cost of Co2e emissions. In this study authors will calculate the cost of Co2e Emitted to Generate the Required Electricity for the Lecture Rooms in the Faculty of Engineering of Universiti Putra Malaysia

Planning and supervision of reactor defueling using discrete event techniques

New fuel handling and conditioning activities for the defueling of the Experimental Breeder Reactor II are being performed at Argonne National Laboratory. Research is being conducted to investigate the use of discrete event simulation, analysis, and optimization techniques to plan, supervise, and perform these activities in such a way that productivity can be improved. The central idea is to characterize this defueling operation as a collection of interconnected serving cells, and then apply operational research techniques to identify appropriate planning schedules for given scenarios. In addition, a supervisory system is being developed to provide personnel with on-line information on the progress of fueling tasks and to suggest courses of action to accommodate changing operational conditions. This paper provides an introduction to the research in progress at ANL. In particular, it briefly describes the fuel handling configuration for reactor defueling at ANL, presenting the flow of material from the reactor grid to the interim storage location, and the expected contributions of this work. As an example of the studies being conducted for planning and supervision of fuel handling activities at ANL, an application of discrete event simulation techniques to evaluate different fuel cask transfer strategies is given at the end of the paper

Estilos de liderazgo de profesores de Educación Física iraníes

The present study aimed to determine the most adequate leadership style for Iranian Physical Education teachers. The sample was composed of 384 Physical Education teachers from Iran of 4 regions and 20 provinces. Multistage sampling and simple random sampling were used. The variables studied in this research were: 1) Leadership style. 2) Sociocultural attitudes. 3) Personality dimensions. 4) Situational factors. The leadership style was evaluated with the Likert Leadership Styles Standard Questionnaire. The sociocultural attitudes of the physical education teachers were determined with the Cultural Attitudes Questionnaire. The personality traits of the educators were analysed with the Five Personality Trait Inventory. The situational factors of employees were assessed with the Standard Staff Readiness Questionnaire. The final model of the appropriate leadership style with personality traits, cultural attitudes and situational factors of Physical Education teachers indicates that the most appropriate leadership styles for the Iranian Physical Education teachers were Delegating and Coaching styles, followed by Supporting and Directing styles.El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el estilo de liderazgo más adecuado para los profesores iraníes de educación física. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 384 docentes de educación física de Irán de 4 regiones y 20 provincias. Se utilizó muestreo polietápico y muestreo aleatorio simple. Las variables estudiadas en esta investigación fueron: 1) Estilo de liderazgo. 2) Actitudes socioculturales. 3) Dimensiones de la personalidad. 4) Factores situacionales. El estilo de liderazgo se evaluó con el Cuestionario Estándar de Estilos de Liderazgo. Las actitudes socioculturales de los profesores de educación física se determinaron con el Cuestionario de Actitudes Culturales. Los rasgos de personalidad de los educadores se analizaron con el Inventario de los Cinco Rasgos de Personalidad. Los factores situacionales de los empleados se evaluaron con el Cuestionario Estándar de Preparación del Personal. El modelo final del estilo de liderazgo apropiado con rasgos de personalidad, actitudes culturales y factores situacionales de los profesores de Educación Física indica que los estilos de liderazgo más apropiados para los profesores iraníes de Educación Física fueron los estilos de Delegación y Entrenamiento, seguidos por los estilos de Apoyo y Dirección

Neutrophils Suppress Intraluminal NK Cell-Mediated Tumor Cell Clearance and Enhance Extravasation of Disseminated Carcinoma Cells

Immune cells promote the initial metastatic dissemination of carcinoma cells from primary tumors. In contrast to their well-studied functions in the initial stages of metastasis, the specific roles of immunocytes in facilitating progression through the critical later steps of the invasion–metastasis cascade remain poorly understood. Here, we define novel functions of neutrophils in promoting intraluminal survival and extravasation at sites of metastatic dissemination. We show that CD11b+/Ly6G+neutrophils enhance metastasis formation via two distinct mechanisms. First, neutrophils inhibit natural killer cell function, which leads to a significant increase in the intraluminal survival time of tumor cells. Thereafter, neutrophils operate to facilitate extravasation of tumor cells through the secretion of IL1β and matrix metalloproteinases. These results identify neutrophils as key regulators of intraluminal survival and extravasation through their cross-talk with host cells and disseminating carcinoma cells. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides important insights into the systemic contributions of neutrophils to cancer metastasis by identifying how neutrophils facilitate intermediate steps of the invasion–metastasis cascade. We demonstrate that neutrophils suppress natural killer cell activity and increase extravasation of tumor cells.Human Frontier Science Program (Strasbourg, France) (fellowship LT00728/2008-L)Charles King Trust FoundationMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Ludwig Center for Cancer ResearchCancer Research Institute (New York, N.Y.) (Irvington Fellowship)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (grant P01 CA080111)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (grant CA163109

Nutritive value of unconventional fibrous ingredients fed to Guinea pigs in the Democratic Republic of Congo

peer reviewedThe energy and protein value for Guinea pigs (GP) of 9 forages (7 dicots and 2 grasses) and 5 hay-based diets was determined. The apparent faecal digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and energy was measured on GP housed in metabolic cages. The forages and the diets were digested in vitro using pepsin and pancreatin hydrolysis and gas fermentation test to simulate stomach, small intestine and large intestine, respectively. Most of the dicots had high digestible crude protein content (152–201 g/kg DM) and the 2 grasses showed lower values (80–85 g/kg DM). Digestible energy content of the forages ranged between 5.79 to 13.08 MJ/kg DM. None of the forage species or hay-based diets provided sufficient energy to supply the 11.7 MJ/kg metabolic energy requirements. The influence of intestinal fermentation on energy and protein values was highlighted by correlations (P<0.05) between in vivo and in vitro data, including gas fermentation. It is the first time that such relationships are reported in single-stomach animals

Phase 1–2 Trial of Antisense Oligonucleotide Tofersen for SOD1 ALS

BACKGROUND Tofersen is an antisense oligonucleotide that mediates the degradation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) messenger RNA to reduce SOD1 protein synthesis. Intrathecal administration of tofersen is being studied for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) due to SOD1 mutations. METHODS We conducted a phase 1–2 ascending-dose trial evaluating tofersen in adults with ALS due to SOD1 mutations. In each dose cohort (20, 40, 60, or 100 mg), participants were randomly assigned in a 3:1 ratio to receive five doses of tofersen or placebo, administered intrathecally for 12 weeks. The primary outcomes were safety and pharmacokinetics. The secondary outcome was the change from baseline in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) SOD1 concentration at day 85. Clinical function and vital capacity were measured. RESULTS A total of 50 participants underwent randomization and were included in the analyses; 48 participants received all five planned doses. Lumbar puncture–related adverse events were observed in most participants. Elevations in CSF white-cell count and protein were reported as adverse events in 4 and 5 participants, respectively, who received tofersen. Among participants who received tofersen, one died from pulmonary embolus on day 137, and one from respiratory failure on day 152; one participant in the placebo group died from respiratory failure on day 52. The difference at day 85 in the change from baseline in the CSF SOD1 concentration between the tofersen groups and the placebo group was 2 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI], −18 to 27) for the 20-mg dose, −25 percentage points (95% CI, −40 to −5) for the 40-mg dose, −19 percentage points (95% CI, −35 to 2) for the 60-mg dose, and −33 percentage points (95% CI, −47 to −16) for the 100-mg dose. CONCLUSIONS In adults with ALS due to SOD1 mutations, CSF SOD1 concentrations decreased at the highest concentration of tofersen administered intrathecally over a period of 12 weeks. CSF pleocytosis occurred in some participants receiving tofersen. Lumbar puncture–related adverse events were observed in most participants. (Funded by Biogen; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02623699. opens in new tab; EudraCT number, 2015-004098-33. opens in new tab.

The effects of CRF antagonists, antalarmin, CP154,526, LWH234, and R121919, in the forced swim test and on swim-induced increases in adrenocorticotropin in rats

Exposure to extreme stress has been suggested to produce long-term, detrimental alterations in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis leading to the development of mental disorders such as depression. Therefore, compounds that block the effects of stress hormones were investigated as potential therapeutics for depression.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46365/1/213_2005_Article_2164.pd