An HI study of three long-tailed irregular galaxies in the cluster Abell1367

We present the results on the distribution and kinematics of H\sc{i} gas with higher sensitivity and in one case of higher spectral resolution as well than reported earlier, of three irregular galaxies CGCG 097073, 097079 and 097087 (UGC 06697) in the cluster Abell 1367. These galaxies are known to exhibit long (50$-$75 kpc) tails of radio continuum and optical emission lines (H$\alpha$) pointing away from the cluster centre and arcs of starformation on the opposite sides of the tails. These features as well as the H{\sc i} properties, with two of the galaxies (CGCG 097073 and 097079) exhibiting sharper gradients in H{\sc i} intensity on the side of the tails, are consistent with the H{\sc i} gas being affected by the ram pressure of the intracluster medium. However the H{\sc i} emission in all the three galaxies extends to much smaller distances than the radio-continuum and H$\alpha$ tails, and are possibly still bound to the parent galaxies. Approximately 20$-$30 per cent of the H{\sc i} mass is seen to accumulate on the downstream side due to the effects of ram pressure.Comment: 19 pages, 19 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in the Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of Indi

Secure Anonymous Routing for MANETs Using Distributed Dynamic Random Path Selection

Most of the MANET security research has so far focused on providing routing security and confidentiality to the data packets, but less has been done to ensure privacy and anonymity of the communicating entities. In this paper, we propose a routing protocol which ensures anonymity, privacy of the user. This is achieved by randomly selecting next hop at each intermediate. This protocol also provides data security using public key ciphers. The protocol is simulated using in-house simulator written in C with OpenSSL crypto APIs. The robustness of our protocol is evaluated against known security attacks

Effect of water dipping on separation techniques of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) arils

For easy separation of arils, pomegranate fruits were subjected to hot water dipping and normal water dipping treatments. Minimum time of separation as 4.10 min/kg of fruit was observed in case of hot water (80±2°C) dip for 2 min which was at par with hot water (80±2°C) dip for 1 min as 4.7 min/kg. All treatments saved time over the traditional method but only hot water dipping was significant without any significant adverse effect on aril quality in comparison with traditional method except anthocyanin and phenols. Anthocyanin content reduced and phenols content increased in comparison to traditional method

Radio bubbles in the composite AGN-starburst galaxy NGC6764

We present multi-frequency radio continuum as well as HI observations of the composite galaxy NGC6764, which has a young, circumnuclear starburst and also harbours an active galactic nucleus (AGN). These observations have been made at a number of frequencies ranging from ~600 MHz to 15 GHz using both the GMRT and the VLA. They reveal the structure of the bipolar bubbles of non-thermal, radio emission which are along the minor axis of the galaxy and extend up to ~1.1 and 1.5 kpc on the northern and southern sides respectively. Features in the radio bubbles appear to overlap with filaments of H_alpha emission. The high-resolution observations reveal a compact source, likely to be associated with the nucleus of the galaxy, and a possible radio jet towards the south-west. We have compiled a representative sample of galaxies with bubbles of non-thermal radio emission and find that these are found in galaxies with an AGN. The HI observations with the GMRT show two peaks of emission on both ends of the stellar-bar and depletion of HI in the central region of the galaxy. We also detect HI in absorption against the central radio peak at the systemic velocity of the galaxy. The HI-absorption spectrum also suggests a possible weak absorption feature blue-shifted by ~120 km/s, which requires confirmation. A similar feature has also been reported from observations of CO in emission, suggesting that the circumnuclear starburst and nuclear activity affect the kinematics of the atomic and molecular gas components, in addition to the ionised gas seen in H_alpha and [N II]

Spectrum sensing methods in cognitive radio network

Cognitive radio is a capable technology, which has provided a different way to increase the efficiency of the electromagnetic spectrum utilization. CR allows unlicensed users or secondary users (SUs) to use the licensed spectrum through dynamic channel assignment strategies or spectrum access when the primary users (PUs) are in a dormant state to improve the spectrum utilization and hence avoid spectrum scarcity. For this we need intelligent spectrum sensing techniques which can detect the presence of spectrum holes and allocate them to the secondary users without interfering with the activities of the primary users. This thesis specifically investigates the Cyclo-stationary detector, the energy detector and their simulation in MATLAB to know the presence of licensed users. Energy detector is a semi blind spectrum sensing technique, which do not need any prior information about the signal to know the presence of primary users. It is simple and easy to implement, but requires high SNR conditions for optimal performance, which is in accordance with our simulation results. The poor performance of ED in low SNR conditions provides option for new spectrum sensing techniques which performs better in LOW SNR conditions. In that Sense the Cyclo-stationary detector overcomes the problem as it gives optimal performance even at low SNR conditions. The wireless microphone signal which is specified in IEEE 802.22 standard (first standard based on cognitive radio) is used as the test signal for the performance evaluation of the energy detector as well as the cyclo-stationary detector

Constraining nuclear physics parameters with current and future COHERENT data

Motivated by the recent observation of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) at the COHERENT experiment, our goal is to explore its potential in probing important nuclear structure parameters. We show that the recent COHERENT data offers unique opportunities to investigate the neutron nuclear form factor. Our present calculations are based on the deformed Shell Model (DSM) method which leads to a better fit of the recent CE$\nu$NS data, as compared to known phenomenological form factors such as the Helm-type, symmetrized Fermi and Klein-Nystrand. The attainable sensitivities and the prospects of improvement during the next phase of the COHERENT experiment are also considered and analyzed in the framework of two upgrade scenarios.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables; v2: minor corrections, version to appear in PL

Association rule mining based study for identification of clinical parameters akin to occurrence of brain tumor

Healthcare sector is generating a large amount of information corresponding to diagnosis, disease identification and treatment of an individual. Mining knowledge and providing scientific decision-making for the diagnosis & treatment of disease from the clinical dataset is therefore increasingly becoming necessary. Aim of this study was to assess the applicability of knowledge discovery in brain tumor data warehouse, applying data mining techniques for investigation of clinical parameters that can be associated with occurrence of brain tumor. In this study, a brain tumor warehouse was developed comprising of clinical data for 550 patients. Apriori association rule algorithm was applied to discover associative rules among the clinical parameters. The rules discovered in the study suggests - high values of Creatinine, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), SGOT & SGPT to be directly associated with tumor occurrence for patients in the primary stage with atleast 85% confidence and more than 50% support. A normalized regression model is proposed based on these parameters along with Haemoglobin content, Alkaline Phosphatase and Serum Bilirubin for prediction of occurrence of STATE (brain tumor) as 0 (absent) or 1 (present). The results indicate that the methodology followed will be of good value for the diagnostic procedure of brain tumor, especially when large data volumes are involved and screening based on discovered parameters would allow clinicians to detect tumors at an early stage of development

A radio study of the superwind galaxy NGC1482

We present multifrequency radio continuum as well as HI observations of the superwind galaxy NGC1482, with both the GMRT and the VLA. This galaxy has a remarkable hourglass-shaped optical emission line outflow as well as bi-polar soft X-ray bubbles on opposite sides of the galactic disk. The low-frequency, lower-resolution radio observations show a smooth structure. From the non-thermal emission, we estimate the available energy in supernovae, and examine whether this would be adequate to drive the observed superwind outflow. The high-frequency, high-resolution radio images of the central starburst region located at the base of the superwind bi-cone shows one prominent peak and more extended emission with substructure. This image has been compared with the infrared, optical red-continuum, H_alpha, and, soft and hard X-ray images from Chandra. The peak of infrared emission is the only feature which is coincident with the prominent radio peak, and possibly defines the centre of the galaxy. The HI observations with the GMRT show two blobs of emission on opposite sides of the central region. These are rotating about the centre of the galaxy and are located at ~2.4 kpc from it. In addition, these observations also reveal a multicomponent HI-absorption profile against the central region of the radio source, with a total width of ~250 km/s. The extreme blue- and red-shifted absorption components are at 1688 and 1942 km/s respectively, while the peak absorption is at 1836 km/s. This is consistent with the heliocentric systemic velocity of 1850+/-20 km/s, estimated from a variety of observations. We discuss possible implications of these results.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in MNRA

Randomized double-blind study comparing the efficacy and safety of lamotrigine and amitriptyline in painful diabetic neuropathy

WSTĘP. Celem niniejszej pracy było porównanie skuteczności oraz bezpieczeństwa stosowania lamotryginy i amitryptyliny w opanowywaniu przewlekłego bólu spowodowanego obwodową neuropatią u chorych na cukrzycę. MATERIAŁ I METODY. Badanie kliniczne z randomizacją przeprowadzono w układzie naprzemiennym metodą podwójnie ślepej próby, z grupą kontrolną otrzymującą terapię standardową. W badaniu wzięły udział 53 osoby. Zastosowano różne dawki leków. Amitryptylinę stosowano w 3 dawkach doustnie: 10, 25 lub 50 mg, jednorazowo na noc przez 2 tygodnie, a lamotryginę - doustnie, 2 × na dobę, w 3 dawkach: 25, 50 lub 100 mg; każdą z dawek stosowano przez 2 tygodnie. Między zamianą leków zastosowano 2-tygodniową przerwę, podczas której chorzy otrzymywali placebo. Oceniano wpływ terapii na zmniejszenie bólu, ogólne polepszenie stanu zdrowia oraz wystąpienie działań niepożądanych. WYNIKI. W ogólnej ocenie pacjentów zniesienie bólu w dużym, umiarkowanym i małym stopniu zanotowano odpowiednio u 19 (41%), 6 (13%) i 7 (15%) osób przyjmujących lamotryginę oraz u 13 (28%), 5 (11%) i 15 (33%) osób stosujących amitryptylinę. Ogólna ocena przeprowadzona przez pacjentów i lekarzy, kwestionariusz McGilla i skala bólu Likerta nie wykazały różnic istotnych statystycznie. Poprawę obserwowano już po 2 tygodniach stosowania obu leków. Odnotowano 44 przypadki działań niepożądanych, 33 (75%) dotyczyły amitryptyliny, z czego najczęściej stwierdzano działanie nasenne (19 pacjentów, 43%); 11 przypadków (25%) dotyczyło lamotryginy, najczęściej była to wysypka (3 chorych, 7%) i podwyższenie stężenia kreatyniny (4 osoby, 9%). Preferowana dawka lamotryginy to 25 mg 2 × na dobę. WNIOSKI. Mimo że wykazano niewiele różnic w skuteczności obu leków, wybór lamotryginy w dawce 25 mg 2 × na dobę wydaje się lepszy, ze względu na mniejszą liczbę działań niepożądanych wywołanych w badanej populacji.AIMS. To compare the efficacy and safety of lamotrigine and amitriptyline in controlling chronic painful peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients. METHODS. A randomized, double-blind, crossover, active-control, clinical trial with variable dose titration was carried out (n = 53). Amitriptyline orally, at doses of 10, 25 and 50 mg at night-time, each dose for 2 weeks, and lamotrigine orally, at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg twice daily, each dose for 2 weeks, by optional titration were used. There was a placebo washout period for 2 weeks between the two drugs. Assessment for pain relief, overall improvement and adverse events were carried out. RESULTS. Good, moderate and mild pain relief were noted in 19 (41%), six (13%) and seven (15%) patients on lamotrigine and 13 (28%), five (11%) and 15 (33%) patients on amitriptyline, respectively, by patient’s global assessment of efficacy and safety. Patient and physicians global assessment, McGill pain questionnaire and Likert pain scale showed no significant difference between the treatments, although improvement with both treatments was seen from 2 weeks. Of the 44 adverse events reported, 33 (75%) were with amitriptyline, sedation being the commonest [in 19 (43%) patients]. Lamotrigine caused adverse events in 11 (25%), of which rash in three (7%) and elevations of creatinine in four (9%) were the most common. The preferred lamotrigine dose was 25 mg twice daily. CONCLUSIONS. As there are few differences between the two treatments in efficacy, lamotrigine 25 mg twice daily might be the first choice as it is associated with fewer adverse effects in our population