Formulation of hybrid 3D image segmentation algorithm based partial differential equation

Segmentation is an important tool for analysis and understanding of most images encountered in science and engineering. One of the best segmentation methods that can perform 3D segmentation is the level-set method which has its mathematical foundation in partial differential equation (PDE). Owing to its complex nature, it exhibits a level of unacceptable sluggishness on implementation hence a need to hasten up the process by hybridizing it with a faster region-based segmentation method which is inherently a logical approach to segmentation pivoted on thresholding but not as good in segmentation as the former. This work presents a mathematical hybrid of the two methods that is hoped to produce a better segmentation result

Analytical approximate solutions of the duffing-relativistic oscillator

The aim of this paper is to use high-order harmonic balance method (HBM) as a novel solution procedure for investigation of the Duffing-relativistic oscillation. Usually, a set of complex nonlinear algebraic equations is appeared when HBM is applied. Investigating analytically for such kind of complex nonlinear algebraic equations is tremendously difficult and cumbersome. In the present study, a small parameter is found, for which the power series solutions produces desired results. The obtained results are evaluated by comparing with the exact solutions computed numerically. The effect of initial conditions in the nonlinear natural frequencies is carried out and it is proved the proposed method is not only simple, but also more reliable for analysis for the Duffing-relativistic oscillator. The method is mainly illustrated in strongly nonlinear Duffing-relativistic oscillator, but it can be widely applicable in other problems arising nonlinear sciences and engineering

Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Interpretation: By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning

Global variations in diabetes mellitus based on fasting glucose and haemogloblin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but may identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening had elevated FPG, HbA1c, or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardised proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed, and detected in survey screening, ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the agestandardised proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global gap in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance.peer-reviewe

A Facile, Mild And Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Substituted Indole Derivatives Catalyzed By Pd(PPh3)2Cl2

2-Phenylindoles were prepared by heteroannulation of 2-haloaniline derivatives and phenylacetylene under mild conditions in a one-pot reaction catalyzed by Pd(PPh3)2Cl2

Solution of nonlinear cubic-quintic duffing oscillators using harmonic balance method.

In this study, Harmonic Balance Method (HBM) is applied to determine approximate analytic solutions of strongly nonlinear Duffing oscillators with cubic-quintic nonlinear restoring force. Mainly, a set of nonlinear algebraic equations is solved in this method. The new method avoids the necessity of numerically solving sets of algebraic equations with very complex nonlinearities. Numerical comparisons between the HBM and the exact solutions reveal that the HBM is a promising tool for strongly nonlinear oscillator’s problems

Finite volume method for a Keller-Segel problem

In this paper, we are interested in the numerical simulation of the mathematical model of Keller-Segel Elliptic-Parabolic problem using finite volume scheme. The finite volume scheme is applied to the elliptic-parabolic model’s problem and we have shown under certain assumptions, the existence of a unique and positive approximate solution. Moreover, under adequate regularity assumption of the exact solution, the finite volume scheme is the first order accurate. A good agreement between our numerical simulation and the theoretical results has been obtained

Synthesis and structure of new cobalt(II) copper(II), nickel(II) copper(II) and cobalt(II) nickel(II) heteronuclear complexes containing monoethanolamine

733-737The heteronuclear COIICUII, NiIICUII and CoIINiII complexes containing monoethanolamine, (MEA), have been prepared using the corresponding metal salts and MEA as starting materials. Both COIICUII and NiIICUII complexes are heterotrinuclear complexes but the CoIINiII complex is heterodinuclear one. The coordination ability of CUII towards MEA is stronger than CoII and NiII. The separated complexes are of tetrahedral geometry with bridged chlorides and of high stability. The thermal behaviour and thermodynamic parameters of the prepared complexes have been studied. The dependence of the electrical conductivity on temperature is examined and the complexes are found to be of semiconducting behaviour