The Effect of Meaningfulness, Position, and Overlearning on Selective Stimulus Encoding in Paired-Associate Learning

The present experiment was an attempt to study to joint effects of stimulus component meaningfulness, positional cues, and overlearning upon cue selection in recall and, additionally, to test the stimulus component independence hypothesis advanced by Wichawut and Martin (1970)

The Effect of Meaningfulness and Position on Cue Selection in Verbal Paired-Associate Learning of Children

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of stimulus meaningfulness and position on the cue selection of elementary school children in verbal paired-associate learning

The effect of hope enhancing training on behavioral strengths in dysthymic patients

زمینه و هدف: روان‌شناسی مثبت، مطالعه تجارب ذهنی مثبت مثل شادمانی و سلامتی، صفات فردی مثبت مثل امید و بخشش و توانمندی‌های بین‌فردی مثل نوع‌دوستی و حس جامعه‌پذیری را شامل می‌شود. هدف این پژوهش بررسی تاثیر آموزش ارتقاء امید بر میزان توانمندی‌های رفتاری افراد مبتلا به افسرده خوئی بوده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی 40 نفر از مراجعین به مراکز مشاوره شهر اصفهان که مبتلا به اختلال افسرده‌خوئی بودند انتخاب و به روش تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل قرار گرفتند. ابتدا آزمون ارزش‌های فعال در عمل (VIA- IS) به عنوان پیش‌آزمون در هر دو گروه اجرا شد. سپس بیماران گروه آزمایش، 6 جلسه آموزش ارتقاء امید دریافت نمودند. در پایان آزمون ارزش‌های فعال در عمل مجدداً به عنوان پس‌آزمون اجرا گردید. از روش تحلیل کواریانس جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: پس از آموزش ارتقاء امید به ترتیب در گروه کنترل و آزمایش میانگین نمرات توانمندی های رفتاری در خود نظم دهی 78/3±40/31 و 17/3±75/37، آینده نگری 17/2±10/28 و 86/3±75/37، تواضع و فروتنی 04/2±20/29 و 77/2±65/35 و بخشش 39/2±80/26 و 71/2±10/37 بود (001/0

Contributions of dysfunctional attitude scale and general health subscales to prediction and odds ratio of depression

Background and aim: Dysfunctional attitude may be predispose factor for depression, but there are few investigations for that. The aim of this study was to determine contributions of dysfunctional attitude and general health index based on GHQ-28 to depression. Methods: In this description and analytical study, a total of 65 patients with major depression and dythymic disorder from Noor and Navab-Safavi psychiatry clinics and 65 healthy individuals with age and sex, and education matched were randomly selected. Dysfunctional attitude scale and general health questionnaire were filled in by two groups. Data were analyzed using linear and logistic regression and correlation methods. Results: Logistic regression analysis on categorized scores of DAS- 26 as high and low risk revealed that odds ration for high risk group was 6.89 fold than low risk one (OR=6.82, Cl/95, 2.9-16.06). Two point serial correlation between DAS-26 and psychiatrist diagnosis was 0.44. Also, major depression and dysthymic disorder was significantly predicted by general health subscales (P<0.001). Conclusion: Dysfunctional attitude may be a predisposing risk factor of depression. Predict depression support and Becks cognitive diathesis stress theory of depression that dysfunctional attitude (26 options) can be used for determination of depression in this group

Análisis Comparativo - Basado en Corpus, de Colocaciones Léxicas usadas en textos de inglés como Lengua Extranjera

As collocations play an important role in second language learning, especially at intermediate-advanced levels, the present study not only seeks to examine distribution of Lexical collocations in three selected series of general English textbooks, Interchange Third Edition by (Jack C. Richards and Jonathan Hull, 2005), American Headway by (Liz and John Soars, 2003), American File by (Clive Oxenden and Christina Latham Koeing, 2008),through analyzing, face to face and telephone conversation scripts collected from intermediate and upper-intermediate level books of the aforementioned series, but also employs Open American National Corpus (OANC) available online and AntConc 3.2.1concordancer program to compare Lexical collocations from textbook to their real use by native-speakers. The findings of present research suggested that especial attention has been paid to specific types of lexical collocations noun + verb and adjective + noun while the frequency of collocations in series could not be affective on learners collocations learning and on the other hand comparing textbooks collocations to reference corpus (OANC) showed choice of collocations in these series did not have big refers to real use of language by native speakers.Considerando que las colocaciones juegan un papel importante en el aprendizaje de un segundo idioma, especialmente en los niveles intermedio - avanzado, el presente estudio no sólo tiene por objeto examinar la distribución de las colocaciones léxicas en tres series seleccionadas de libros de texto de inglés general, Interchange Third Edition escrito por Jack C. Richards and Jonathan Hull, (2005), American Headway por Liz and John Soars, (2003), American File por Clive Oxenden and Christina Latham Koeing (2008) por medio del análisis de guiones de conversación cara a cara y por vía telefónica, recogidas de libros de nivel intermedio y superior-intermedio de las serie mencionadas, sino también emplea Open American National Corpus (OANC) disponible en linea y AntConc 3.2.1 el cual es un programa de concordancias para comparar colocaciones léxicas encontradas en los textos con su uso real por hablantes nativos. Los resultados del presente estudio sugieren que se le ha prestado una atención especial a los tipos específicos de colocaciones léxicas nombre+verbo y adejetivo+ nombre mientras que la frecuencia de colocaciones en serie puede no afectar el proceso de aprendizaje de colocaciones; por otro lado la comparación de colocaciones existentes en textos con referencia al corpus (OANC) mostró que la selección de colocaciones en estas series no era un referente significativo al uso real del idioma por hablantes nativos

Cleansing and preparation of data for statistical analysis: A step necessary in oral health sciences research

In many published articles, there is still no mention of quality control processes, which might be an indication of the insufficient importance the researchers attach to undertaking or reporting such processes. However, quality control of data is one of the most important steps in research projects. Lack of sufficient attention to quality control of data might have a detrimental effect on the results of research studies. Therefore, directing the attention of researchers to quality control of data is considered a step necessary to promote the quality of research studies and reports. We have made an attempt to define the processes of cleansing and preparing data and determine its position in research protocols. An algorithm was presented for cleansing and preparing data. Then, the most important potential errors in data were introduced by giving some examples, and their effects on the results of studies were demonstrated. We made attempts to introduce the most important reasons behind errors of different natures; the techniques used to identify them and the techniques used to prevent or rectify them. Subsequently, the procedures used to prepare the data were dealt with. In this section, techniques were introduced which are used to manage the relationships established between the premises of statistical models before carrying out analyses. Considering the widespread use of statistical models with the premise of normality, such premises were focused on. Techniques used to identify lack of normal distribution of data and methods used to manage them were presented. Cleansing and preparation of data can have a significant effect on promotion of quality and accuracy of the results of research studies. It is incumbent on researchers to recognize techniques used to identify, reasons for occurrence, methods to prevent or rectify different kinds of errors in data, learn appropriate techniques in this context and mention them in study reports. KEYWORDS: Cleaning; Preparation; Statistics; Data; Quality Contro

Proactive risk assessment of the laboratory management process inGhaem Hospital, Mashhad (2013)

Laboratory errors may occur in every stage of laboratory management process and lead to a considerable harm to inpatients. This study was aim to investigate the Proactive risk assessment of the laboratory management process in Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad (2013). This was a descriptive research that quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed some failure modes and effects. In order to classify the modes of failure and effective causes of them and also determining the improvement strategies, we have used "nursing error management association", "Eindhoven" and "theory of inventive problem solving" models respectively. In 5 steps of laboratory management process which is conducted on17 listed sub-processes, on average 59 error modes in each ward was identified. 18.7% of error modes were identified as high risk errors (hazard score ≥ 8). Most of error causes were related to human factors (42.7%).In addition, 31.6% of preventive measures were assigned in human resources management strategy group and 16.9% in team work group. The Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis method was very efficient in identifying failure modes, determining causes which impact each failure mode, and proposing improvement strategies for laboratory management processes of Ghaem Department.

Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence among Iranian Women: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis from 2010-2020

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of IPV among married Iranian women.Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, following PRISMA guidelines, eight electronic databases were searched for quantitative articles, with the target population of married Iranian women. Articles from 2010 to 2020 were extracted and assessed with an 8-scored checklist for risk of bias. Different types of IPV include mental, physical, and sexual types. Heterogeneity was assessed with I2 and Q tests. Random effect model was used for meta-analysis. Factors such as income, education, employment, mean age, urbanization, and human development index (HDI) were assessed within homogenous groups.Results: Thirty-four studies (19,445 participants) were included. The mean age of women was 33.4 years. The overall prevalence of past-year IPV was estimated at 62.6% (CI: 53.6-71.5). Mental, physical, and sexual violence were estimated at 59% (CI: 53.7- 64.4), 30.8% (CI: 26.2-35.4), and 29% (CI: 22.4-35.5), respectively. The results revealed that a negative correlation existed between the occurrence of violence and higher education, higher HDI indices for regions, and employment.Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that IPV exists in high proportions in Iran. Improving the economic situation, increasing education, and raising public awareness through social media are the preventive factors

Prevalence, Incidence and Ecological Determinants of Diabetic Retinopathy in Iran: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Purpose: To estimate the pooled prevalence and incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Iran and to investigate their correlations with the Human Development Index (HDI), healthcare access (i.e., density of specialists and sub-specialists), and methodological issues. Methods: Electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and local databases were searched for cohort and cross-sectional studies published prior to January 2018. Prevalence and incidence rates of DR were extracted from January 2000 to December 2017 and random effects models were used to estimate pooled effect sizes. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool was applied for quality assessment of eligible studies. Results: A total of 55,445 participants across 33 studies were included. The pooled prevalence (95% CI) of DR in diabetic clinics (22 studies), eye clinics (4 studies), and general population (7 studies) was 31.8% (24.5 to 39.2), 57.8% (50.2 to 65.3), and 29.6% (22.6 to 36.5), respectively. It was 7.4% (3.9 to 10.8) for proliferative DR and 7.1% (4.9 to 9.4) for clinically significant macular edema. The heterogeneity of individual estimates of prevalence was highly significant. HDI (P &lt; 0.001), density of specialists (P = 0.004), subspecialists (P &lt; 0.001), and sampling site (P = 0.041) were associated with heterogeneity after the adjustment for type of DR, duration of diabetes, study year, and proportion of diabetics with controlled HbA1C. Conclusion: Human development and healthcare access were correlated with the prevalence of DR. Data were scarce on the prevalence of DR in less developed provinces. Participant recruitment in eye clinics might overestimate the prevalence of DR

Customers’ Complaints and its Determinants: The Case of a Training Educational Hospital in Iran

Background: Today, despite the efforts of the medical community and healthcare staff along with the advancements in medical technology, patients’ dissatisfaction and complaints have been increased. The present study aimed at making a survey on the patients’ complaints in a large training hospital affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS). Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on written and verbal complaints of patients and their relatives in a tertiary (specialty and sub-specialty) training hospital. All the recorded patients’ complaints, from March to December 2012, were reviewed. Data were categorized and analyzed using descriptive statistics by Microsoft Excel 2007. Results: A total of 233 complaints were reviewed, of which 46.35%, 31.34% and 22.31%, respectively, were verbal, written and made on the phone. The main reasons for complaints were accessibility to medical staff (21.46%), communication failures (20.17%) and dissatisfaction with the provided care (14.59%). Thirty one (13.31%) cases were solved at first place, 194 (83.26%) referred to the complaints from the committee and 3.43% referred to the legal authorities. The average response time was about six to seven days. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest that sufficient availability of medical staff, improvement in communication skills and paying attention to the patients’ needs and expectations may reduce complaints from public health facilities