3,698 research outputs found
High frequency dynamics in liquid nickel: an IXS study
Owing to their large relatively thermal conductivity, peculiar,
non-hydrodynamic features are expected to characterize the acoustic-like
excitations observed in liquid metals. We report here an experimental study of
collective modes in molten nickel, a case of exceptional geophysical interest
for its relevance in Earth interior science. Our result shed light on
previously reported contrasting evidences: in the explored energy-momentum
region no deviation from the generalized hydrodynamic picture describing non
conductive fluids are observed. Implications for high frequency transport
properties in metallic fluids are discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, to appear in "Journal of Chemical Physics
W49A: A starburst triggered by expanding shells
W49A is a giant molecular cloud which harbors some of the most luminous
embedded clusters in the Galaxy. However, the explanation for this
starburst-like phenomenon is still under debate. Methods. We investigated
large-scale Spitzer mid-infrared images together with a Galatic Ring Survey
13CO J = 1-0 image, complemented with higher resolution (~ 11 arcsec) 13CO J =
2-1 and C18O J = 2-1 images over a ~ 15 x 13 pc^2 field obtained with the IRAM
30m telescope. Two expanding shells have been identified in the mid-infrared
images, and confirmed in the position-velocity diagrams made from the 13CO J =
2-1 and C18O J = 2-1 data. The mass of the averaged expanding shell, which has
an inner radius of ~ 3.3 pc and a thickness of ~ 0.41 pc, is about 1.9 x 10^4
M*. The total kinetic energy of the expanding shells is estimated to be ~ 10^49
erg which is probably provided by a few massive stars, whose radiation pressure
and/or strong stellar winds drive the shells. The expanding shells are likely
to have a common origin close to the two ultracompact Hii regions (source O and
source N), and their expansion speed is estimated to be ~ 5 km/s, resulting in
an age of ~ 3-7 x 10^5 years. In addition, on larger (~ 35 x 50 pc^2) scales,
remnants of two gas ejections have been identified in the 13CO J = 1 - 0 data.
Both ejections seem to have the same center as the expanding shells with a
total energy of a few times 10^50 erg. The main driving mechanism for the gas
ejections is unclear, but likely related to the mechanism which triggers the
starburst in W49A
Structural and dynamical properties of liquid Si. An orbital-free molecular dynamics study
Several static and dynamic properties of liquid silicon near melting have
been determined from an orbital free {\em ab-initio} molecular dynamics
simulation. The calculated static structure is in good agreement with the
available X-ray and neutron diffraction data. The dynamical structure shows
collective density excitations with an associated dispersion relation which
closely follows recent experimental data. It is found that liquid silicon can
not sustain the propagation of shear waves which can be related to the power
spectrum of the velocity autocorrelation function. Accurate estimates have also
been obtained for several transport coefficients. The overall picture is that
the dynamic properties have many characteristics of the simple liquid metals
although some conspicuous differences have been found.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figure
An Expanding HI Photodissociated Region Associated with the Compact HII Region G213.880-11.837 in the GGD 14 Complex
We present high angular and spectral resolution HI 21~cm line observations
toward the cometary-shaped compact HII region G213.880-11.837 in the GGD~14
complex.The kinematics and morphology of the photodissociated region, traced by
the HI line emission, reveal that the neutral gas is part of an expanding flow.
The kinematics of the HI gas along the major axis of G213.880-11.837 shows that
the emission is very extended toward the SE direction, reaching LSR radial
velocities in the tail of about 14 km/s. The ambient LSR radial velocity of the
molecular gas is 11.5 km/s, which suggests a champagne flow of the HI gas. This
is the second (after G111.61+0.37) cometary HII/HI region known.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal (10 pages, 4
figures, 1 table
Proto-Quasars:Physical States and Observable Properties
Based on the radiation hydrodynamical model for the black hole(BH)
growth,incorporated with the chemical evolution of the early-type host galaxy,
we construct the coevolution model of a QSO BH and the host galaxy. As a
result, it is found that after a galactic wind epoch,the luminosity is shifted
from the host-dominant phase to the AGN-dominant phase (QSO phase) in the
timescale of a few years.The former phase corresponds to the early
stage of growing BH, and can be regarded as a ``proto-QSO'' phase. It has
observable characteristic properties (detail inthis paper).By comparing these
predictions with recent observations, radio galaxies are a possible candidate
for proto-QSOs.Also, it is anticipated that the proto-QSO phase is preceded by
an optically thick phase, which may correspond to ULIRGs.In this phase, is predicted to be much less than and grow with
metallicity.Moreover, as precursors of ULIRGs, optically-thin star-forming
galaxies are predicted. These may be in the assembly phase of Lyman break
galaxies (LBGs) or Ly emitters.Comment: 7pages,7figures,accepted for publication in Ap
Anomalous vacuum energy and stability of a quantum liquid
KT is grateful to EPSRC and V V Brazhkin to RSF 14-22-
00093 for support
determination by
We investigate \ovar{B^0} \to D_s^- \pi^+ decay in perturbative QCD
approach which has recently been applied to meson decays. \ovar{B^0} \to
D_s^- \pi^+ decay (and its charge conjugated mode) can be one of the hopeful
modes to determine since it occurs through transition
only. We estimate both factorizable and non-factorizable contribution, and show
that the non-factorizable contribution is much less than the factorizable one.
Our calculation gives {BR}(\ovar{B^0} \to D_s^- \pi^+) = (50 \sim 70) \times
f_{Ds}^2|{V_{ub}}{V_{cs}}|^2.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX2e with graphics packag
Relation between the superconducting gap energy and the two-magnon Raman peak energy in Bi2Sr2Ca{1-x}YxCu2O{8+\delta}
The relation between the electronic excitation and the magnetic excitation
for the superconductivity in Bi2Sr2Ca{1-x}YxCu2O{8+\delta} was investigated by
wide-energy Raman spectroscopy. In the underdoping region the B1g scattering
intensity is depleted below the two-magnon peak energy due to the "hot spots"
effects. The depleted region decreases according to the decrease of the
two-magnon peak energy, as the carrier concentration ncreases. This two-magnon
peak energy also determines the B1g superconducting gap energy as
from under to overdoping hole concentration.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
Hard X-rays from Ultra-Compact HII Regions in W49A
We report the Chandra detection of hard X-ray emission from the Welch ring in
W49A, an organized structure of ultra-compact (UC) HII regions containing a
dozen nascent early-type stars. Two UC HII regions are associated with hard
X-ray emission in a deep Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer image exposed for
96.7 ks. One of the two X-ray sources has no near-infrared counterpart and is
extended by ~5 arcsec, or ~0.3 pc, at a distance of ~11.4 kpc, which is
spatially aligned with the cometary radio continuum emission associated with
the UC HII region. The X-ray spectrum of the emission, when fit with a thermal
model, indicates a heavily absorbed plasma with extinction of
\~5x10^{23}/cm^{2}, temperature of ~7 keV, and X-ray luminosity in the 3.0-8.0
keV band of ~3x10^{33} ergs/s. Both the luminosity and the size of the emission
resemble the extended hard emission found in UC HII regions in Sagittarius B2,
yet they are smaller by an order of magnitude than the emission found in
massive star clusters such as NGC 3603. Three possibilities are discussed for
the cause of the hard extended emission in the Welch ring: an ensemble of
unresolved point sources, shocked interacting winds of the young O stars, and a
wind-blown bubble interacting with ambient cold matter.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, ApJ in press. See
http://agyo.rikkyo.ac.jp/~tsujimot/ms.pdf for a higher quality versio
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